Marie Ruel, Director Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division (PHND) International Food Policy Research Institute

1. Social Safety Nets and Social Protection: An international Perspective Marie Ruel, Director, Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division International Food Policy Research Institute June 2, 2010 Brasilia

4. Implementedearlier

7. Directly provide or loan assets

9. Political

10. Social

11. Public works

12. Insurance (health, asset)

13. Food or cash transfers

14. Direct feeding

15. Subsidies

16. Livelihoods programs

19. Early childhood developmentAdato & Hoddinott 2008

20. Social Protection & the Life Cycle Pension Public Works Income generation School fee waivers & vouchers Food/Cash for schooling Early Childhood Development Matl & Child Health & Nutrition Food, Cash Transfers Elderly Adults SP Programs & Policies School age Pre-school 0-2 y old Prenatal

22. Attending health & nutrition services Some also fund supply side strengthening

25. Targeted, gender sensitive, participatory, multi-sectoral

26. They work: impacts on wide range of outcomes

29. Inequality: 21% of the 5% ↓ in Giniindex(Source: Soares et al. 2006-07)

30. Impacts on Education (Enrollment) (Sources: Schultz 2001; Skoufias 2005; IFPRI 2003; Maluccio and Flores 2005; Filmer and Schady 2006; Ahmed 2006; Khandker, Pitt, and Fuwa 2003; Ahmed et al. 2007)

31. Impacts on Health and Nutrition (Sources: Skoufias 2005; Gertler 2000; Hoddinott forthcoming; IFPRI 2003; Maluccio and Flores 2005)

33. No effect (Nicaragua, Mexico, Ecuador, Cambodia)

34. Positive effects in Brazil (4.3 pp in women)

35. Positive effects on reducing child labor

36. Crowding out private transfers:

37. South Africa and Philippines (pension scheme ↓ children transfers)

38. No effect in China, Vietnam, Indonesia, Honduras, Nicaragua

39. Fertility:

41. Reducing poverty, inequality, food security

42. Improving use of health, education services

43. Empowering women

44. Much smaller impact on outcomes (school achievement, health, nutrition)

45. Effectiveness depends on:

46. Design, implementation, supply side response

50. Lead to asset sales

51. Lead to lower investment in human capitalE.g. drought in Zimbabwe led to childhood stunting and reduced schooling (impact:14% loss of lifetime earnings)

53. Allows quicker recovery from shocks

56. Household targeting using income proxies or other targeting approaches By reducing inequality, SSN can create conditions for growth to occur

58. SPP can improve livelihoods of the poor, lead to asset building, savings and participation in economyInnovation in design, targeting, implementation of SSN – new generation of programs Critical learning from rigorous evaluations

60. Capacity (administrative, operational); supply side

61. Financial resources

62. Ability and incentives for multi-sectoral work

63. Political supportNeed to improve on outcomes Need exit strategy – programs not made to be permanent (Levy: if permanent you have failed) Need to analyze & evaluate social strategies