26. Marx’s Theories cont. The class that controlled production became the controlling class. They gave up control through revolutions. Therefore, clashes between the classes were inevitable.
77. Romanticism Composers tried to stir deep emotions. Ludwig van Beethoven combined classical forms with a stirring range of sound. Frederic Chopin conveyed the sorrow of people living under foreign occupation. Writers created a new kind of hero, a mysterious, melancholy figure out of step with reality. Lord Byron described the romantic hero in his poetry. Charlotte Bront ë wove a mysterious tale in Jane Eyre . Painters broke free from the discipline and rules of the Enlightenment. J.M.W. Turner captured the beauty and power of nature. Eug è ne Delacroix painted dramatic action. MUSIC LITERATURE ART Romantic writers, artists, and composers rebelled against the Enlightenment emphasis on reason. They glorified nature and sought to excite strong emotions in their audiences. 4
92. Realism Realism in the visual arts and literature is the depiction of subjects as they appear in everyday life, without embellishment or interpretation. The term also describes works of art which, in revealing a truth, may emphasize the ugly or sordid. Realism often refers to the artistic movement, which began in France in the 1850s. The popularity of realism grew with the introduction of photography—a new visual source that created a desire for people to produce things that look “objectively real.”
110. Pointillism is a style of painting in which small distinct dots of color create the impression of a wide selection of other colors and blending. Aside from color "mixing" phenomena, there is the simpler graphic phenomenon of depicted imagery emerging from disparate points. Historically, Pointillism has been a figurative mode of executing a painting, as opposed to an abstract modality of expression. The technique relies on the perceptive ability of the eye and mind of the viewer to mix the color spots into a fuller range of tones and is related closely to Divisionism, a more technical variant of the method. It is a style with few serious practitioners and is notably seen in the works of Seurat, Signac and Cross. The term Pointillism was first coined by art critics in the late 1880s to ridicule the works of these artists and is now used without its earlier mocking connotation.
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