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Industrial rev
- 1. The Industrial Revolution The greatly increased output of machine made goods that began in England in the 18th century
- 2. Industrialization Industrialization: the process of developing machine production of goods Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England? Water power and coal to fuel the machines Iron ore to build the machines Rivers for transportation Harbors from which merchants could set sail Strong economy and political stability England had the factors of production, or land, labor and capital, which were the resources needed to produce goods and services
- 5. New Ideologies Emerge Discontent with monarchist and imperial rule encouraged the development of Liberalism (Mill and Smith) Socialism Utopian Socialism – Communism Radical Socialism - Marxism Mixed Economies These ideas spread quickly due to global spread of European political and social thought increasing number of rebellions Poor working conditions for much of society (the workers or proletariat)
- 6. Philosophers of Industrialization Adam Smith Laissez-faire economics: “Let people do as they please” without government interference Believed government regulation of business interfered with the production of wealth Wrote On the Wealth of Nations We are applying individual freedoms that Enlightenment thinkers wanted and pairing it with money and finances here
- 7. John Stuart Mill - Liberalism conceptualized liberty as the absence of interference from government and from other individuals, claiming that all people should have the freedom to develop their own unique abilities and capacities On Liberty (1859) "the only freedom which deserves the name, is that of pursuing our own good in our own way". Support for laissez-faire capitalism is often associated with this principle
- 8. Philosophers of Industrialization Capitalism: an economic system based on private ownership, in which money is invested in business with the goal of making a profit
- 9. Benefits of Capitalism Capitalism enables people to choose their profession Individuals can create their own businesses – work for themselves Individuals can own private property
- 10. Benefits of Capitalism Capitalism provides for social mobility People can move upward in society People who take initiative and work hard are rewarded Narrows gap between wealthy and poor
- 11. Benefits of Capitalism Creates Competition Competition encourages people to work hard It encourages employers to make their place to work “the best” It improves goods and the production of goods Improves standards of living
- 12. Technology! We’re going to break into groups of five tomorrow, each one of us responsible for a technology The Steam Engine Internal Combustion Engine Steamship Railroad Telegraph
- 13. The Steam Engine, Internal Combustion Engine, Steamship, Railroad, Telegraph What IS your technology? When was it invented? What does it change in world history? Why is it beneficial? What could be a downside to it/of it?
- 14. As a group….. Rank the five technologies from 1. Most important to 5. Least important. Be able to explain WHY you choose the #1 technology over the 2 and 3. Be able to explain WHY the #5 technology is last.
- 16. Effects of Industrialization Urbanization: After 1800 more people moved to cities rather than rural areas Why? The growth of the factory system brought people looking for jobs to the cities This led to a population explosion in industrial cities
- 17. How the Other Half Lived by Jacob Riis
- 18. Poor Factory Conditions due to Unchecked Capitalism
- 19. Factory Quotes - The line of the buildings stood clear-cut and black against the sky; here and there out of the mass rose the great chimneys, with the river of smoke streaming away to the end of the world. They use everything about the hog except the squeal. It is an elemental odor, raw and crude; it is rich, almost rancid, sensual and strong.
- 20. Worker’s Lives Here is a population, low-class and mostly foreign, hanging always on the verge of starvation and dependent for its opportunities of life upon the whim of men every bit as brutal and unscrupulous as the old-time slave drivers It was piece-work, and she was apt to have a family to keep alive; and stern and ruthless economic laws had arranged it that she could only do this by working just as she did, with all her soul upon her work, and with never an instant for a glance at the well-dressed ladies and gentlemen who came to stare at her, as at some wild beast in a menagerie.
- 21. Machinery and Fossil Fuels Lead to…. They greatly increased energy available to human societies resulting in many new technologies Railroads, steamships, and telegraphs made exploration and communication possible in interior regions globally This, combined with urbanization and capitalism, increased trade but also created new social classes as people migrated for jobs
- 22. New Ideologies Emerge Discontent with monarchist and imperial rule encouraged the development of Liberalism (Mill and Smith already seen) Socialism Utopian Socialism – Communism Radical Socialism - Marxism Mixed Economies – State Socialism These ideas spread quickly due to global spread of European political and social thought increasing number of rebellions Poor working conditions for much of society (the workers or proletariat)
- 23. Socialism Develops from the desire to reorganize society to establish cooperation & new sense of community Reasoning Reform was needed economically (industrial rev) Increasing misery of working classes (capitalism) Republicanism & Capitalism promotes individualism & fragmentation Evolution Early 19th century= concern for social problems of capitalism Late 19th century= opposition to capitalism & advocacy for another system
- 24. Socialism Political Political movement including a variety of philosophies Reformist Revolutionary Dictatorial Democratic Utopian Economic System emphasizing social ownership of the means of production Many varieties that differ Social ownership Reliance on planning Role of the state Distribution of goods/capital based on ‘to each according to his contribution’ • Ideals Equality, cooperation, democracy & shared prosperity
- 25. Utopian Socialism Communism Grew out of the socialist movement of 19th century Europe Henri de Saint-Simon – must improve conditions for poor Charles Fourier – mathematical plan for utopian society Modern: Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels, Communist Manifesto, 1848 Goal to create a classless, moneyless, stateless social order structured on common ownership of means of production According to Marx, it is the stage AFTER socialism, a more advanced stage of socialism.
- 26. What would an ideal community without classes look like? Clip
- 28. New Ideologies Emerge Discontent with monarchist and imperial rule encouraged the development of Liberalism (Mill and Smith already seen) Socialism Utopian Socialism – Communism Radical Socialism - Marxism Mixed Economies – State Socialism These ideas spread quickly due to global spread of European political and social thought increasing number of rebellions Poor working conditions for much of society (the workers or proletariat)
- 29. Radical Socialism Marxism Karl Marx German journalist who introduced radical socialism, or Marxism, to the world Wrote The Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels KEY IDEAS: Human society has always been divided between the haves and have-nots HAVES: Owners of production or bourgeoisie VS. HAVE-NOTS: Workers or proletariat
- 30. The Future According to Marx 1) Small number of manufacturers would eventually control all the wealth 2) Revolt by the proletariat – they would seize factories - workers would share the profits of those factories, bringing about economic equality for all people 3) A “dictatorship of the proletariat” would eventually lead to a classless society, or communism: a form of complete socialism in which the means of production is owned by the people, all goods/services are shared equally and private property no longer exists
- 31. New Ideologies Emerge Discontent with monarchist and imperial rule encouraged the development of Liberalism Capitalism Socialism Utopian Socialism – Communism Radical Socialism - Marxism Mixed Economy – State Socialism These ideas spread quickly due to global spread of European political and social thought increasing number of rebellions Poor working conditions for much of society (the workers or proletariat)
- 32. Otto Von Bismarck Bismarck was a conservative socialist advocate. He was the key figure in unifying Germany in the 1870s He still had national unity as his goal here, and a strong conservative base to contend with, but he realized that too much wealth in the hands of the bourgeoisie led to the exploitation of the proletariat and its/his possible demise
- 33. “The development of Modern Industry, therefore, cuts from under its feet the very foundation on which the bourgeoisie produces and appropriates products. What the bourgeoisie therefore produces above all, are its own gravediggers.”
- 34. State Socialism Bismarck was weary of workers unions forming and striking so he in fact banned socialism! This however would not be sufficient so he also introduced state insurance for workers in case of illness, injury, or disability David Lloyd George, prime minister of England, follows suit In England in 1910-1911, citing German successes as an example, future prime minister David Lloyd George also encouraged state welfare in Britain.
- 35. Japan Japanese government for the past 250 years was run by the Tokugawa Shogunate. This brought peace to the often squabbling daimyo
- 36. Meiji Restoration With much peace, the samurai slowly morphed into businessmen and bureaucrats Agricultural peasants used the peace to harvest more rice than ever before and invent new technologies helping Japan slowly urbanize (same process as England, right?!) Lastly, feeling disrespected by Western intervention, US especially, the Japanese sought to modernize!! Were they able to do so because they wanted to? Or because geopolitically they weren’t as significant as China or Ottoman?
- 37. Meiji Restoration Emperor Meiji restored his dynastic powers and looked to implement new programs Some small like new national dialect and a new view of self in comparison to non-industrial neighbors Others huge! Like sending emissaries and some in leadership positions to the West to study and return to Japan allowing modernization, industrialization, and adoption of western culture!
- 38. History of Japan