The document discusses different types of bridges. It describes beam bridges as the simplest type that uses horizontal beams supported by piers on each end. Arch bridges carry weight outward along a curved arch to supports at each end. Suspension bridges suspend the roadway from main cables running from towers to anchorages at both ends, allowing very long spans. Cable-stayed bridges resemble suspension bridges but have cables attached directly to towers, which bear the load instead of transmitting it through cables.

1. Presented by:
Girish Dhareshwar

2. What is bridge?
 A bridge is a structure that permits us to cross
over an obstacle.
 Suppose we lay a plank across a brook. If we
have a bridge. If the plank is thin in relation to
its length , it will sag. In fact, if it is
too long, it will collapse. This shows that we must consider the
weight of a bridge itself---the “dead load”.
 If we stand at the middle of the plank, it sags even more. So, we
must provide for the weight of whatever our bridge is designed to
carry--- the “live load”.
 Also, when you walk across the plank, it bounces under you,
illustrating the effect of a “moving live load”.
 Finally, there is a “wind load”. A strong wind pushes against the
sides, lifts the deck, shakes the whole structure. Certainly the force of
the wind is something to keep in mind.
 Bridges help us to connect to each other and the world.
 There are four main types of physical bridges. They are arch, beam,
suspension and cable-stayed.

3. TYPES OF BRIDGES
Beam Bridge
Basic Beam Bridge Actual Beam Bridge

6. Beam Bridge
 A beam or "girder" bridge is the simplest and most
inexpensive kind of bridge.
 In its most basic form, a beam bridge consists of a
horizontal beam that is supported at each end by
piers. The weight of the beam pushes straight down on
the piers.
 The beam itself must be strong so that it doesn't bend
under its own weight and the added weight of crossing
traffic.
 When a load pushes down on the beam, the beam's
top edge is pushed together (compression) while the
bottom edge is stretched (tension).

7. Arch bridge
Basic Arch Bridge
Actual Arch Bridge
Bixby Creek Bridge, Monterey, CA

10. Arch Bridge
Arch bridges are one of the oldest types of
bridges and have great natural strength.
Instead of pushing straight down, the
weight of an arch bridge is carried outward
along the curve of the arch to the supports
at each end.
These supports, called the abutments, carry
the load and keep the ends of the bridge
from spreading out.

11. Suspension bridge
Basic Suspension Actual Suspension Bridge
Bridge Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco,
CA

14. Suspension bridge
Aesthetic, light, and strong, suspension bridges
can span distances from 2,000 to 7,000 feet -- far
longer than any other kind of bridge.
They also tend to be the most expensive to build.
True to its name, a suspension bridge suspends the
roadway from huge main cables, which extend
from one end of the bridge to the other.
These cables rest on top of high towers and are
secured at each end by anchorages.

15. The towers enable the main cables to
be draped over long distances.
Most of the weight of the bridge is
carried by the cables to the anchorages,
which are imbedded in either solid
rock or massive concrete blocks.
Inside the anchorages, the cables are
spread over a large area to evenly
distribute the load and to prevent the
cables from breaking free.

16. Cable-stayed bridge
Basic Cable-stayed Bridge Actual Cable-stayed Bridge
Clark Bridge, Alton, IL

19. Cable-stayed bridge
 Cable-stayed bridges may look similar to suspensions
bridges -- both have roadways that hang from cables
and both have towers.
 Two bridges support the load of the roadway in very
different ways.
 The difference lies in how the cables are connected to
the towers. In suspension bridges, the cables ride
freely across the towers, transmitting the load to the
anchorages at either end.
 In cable-stayeded bridges, the cables are attached to
the towers, which alone bear the load.

20. The cables can be attached to the
roadway in a variety of ways.
In a radial pattern, cables extend
from several points on the road to a
single point at the top of the tower.
In a parallel pattern, cables are
attached at different heights along
the tower, running parallel to one
other.

21. Dangerous
Driving .…