3. What is ZigBee?What is ZigBee?
Technological Standard Created forTechnological Standard Created for
Control and Sensor NetworksControl and Sensor Networks
Based on the IEEE 802.15.4Based on the IEEE 802.15.4
StandardStandard (The Institute of Electrical and(The Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers is a professional associationElectronics Engineers is a professional association
headquartered in New York City that is dedicatedheadquartered in New York City that is dedicated
to advancing technological innovation andto advancing technological innovation and
excellence. Founded 1963)excellence. Founded 1963)
Created by the ZigBee AllianceCreated by the ZigBee Alliance
4. The 802 Wireless SpaceThe 802 Wireless Space
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/
Range
PeakDataRate
Closer Farther
SlowerFaster
UWB
Wireless
Data
Applications
Sources: WRH + Co
Wireless
Video
Applications
IrDA
802.11g
802.11b
802.11a
2.5G/3G
Bluetooth™
ZigBee™
Wireless
Sensors
Wireless
Networking
Wi-Fi®
5.
6. Basic Radio CharacteristicsBasic Radio Characteristics
ZigBee technology relies
upon IEEE 802.15.4, which
has excellent performance
in low SNR environments
7. – ““the software”the software”
– Network, Security &Network, Security &
Application layersApplication layers
– Brand managementBrand management
IEEE 802.15.4IEEE 802.15.4
– ““the hardware”the hardware”
– Physical & MediaPhysical & Media
Access Control layersAccess Control layers
IEEE 802.15.4 & ZigBee In ContextIEEE 802.15.4 & ZigBee In Context
PHY
868MHz / 915MHz / 2.4GHz
MAC
Network
Star / Mesh / Cluster-Tree
Security
32- / 64- / 128-bit encryption
Application
API
ZigBee
Alliance
IEEE
802.15.4
Customer
Silicon Stack App
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/resources/documents/IWAS_presentation_Mar04_Designing_with_802154_and_zigbee.ppt
9. IncreasingIncreasing
• SensitivitySensitivity
– ZigBee: -92dbm(0,63pW) <==> BT: -82dbm(6,2pW)ZigBee: -92dbm(0,63pW) <==> BT: -82dbm(6,2pW)
• flexibilityflexibility
– No. of supported nodesNo. of supported nodes
– ZigBee: 65536 (in a mesh) <==> BT: 7 (in a star)ZigBee: 65536 (in a mesh) <==> BT: 7 (in a star)
• SecuritySecurity
– ZigBee: AES (128bit) <==> BT: SAFER (64/128bit)ZigBee: AES (128bit) <==> BT: SAFER (64/128bit)
• Latency requirementsLatency requirements
– ZigBee: optional guaranteed time slotZigBee: optional guaranteed time slot
• RangeRange
– ZigBee: up to 75 m in LOS condition <==> BT: 10 mZigBee: up to 75 m in LOS condition <==> BT: 10 m
10.
11. ZigBee and Other WirelessZigBee and Other Wireless
TechnologiesTechnologies
Source: http://www.zigbee.org/en/about/faq.asp
12. ZigBee – Highly SecureZigBee – Highly Secure
Utilizes AES 128-bit encryptionUtilizes AES 128-bit encryption
Concept of a “trust center”Concept of a “trust center”
Link and network keysLink and network keys
Authentication and encryptionAuthentication and encryption
Security can be customized for theSecurity can be customized for the
applicationapplication
Keys can be “hard-wired” intoKeys can be “hard-wired” into
applicationapplication
13. ZigBee Aims LowZigBee Aims Low
Low data rateLow data rate
Low power consumptionLow power consumption
Small packet devicesSmall packet devices
14. ZigBee FrequenciesZigBee Frequencies
Operates in Unlicensed BandsOperates in Unlicensed Bands
ISM 2.4 GHz Global Band at 250kbpsISM 2.4 GHz Global Band at 250kbps
868 MHz European Band at 20kbps868 MHz European Band at 20kbps
915 MHz North American Band at915 MHz North American Band at
40kbps40kbps
15. What Does ZigBee Do?What Does ZigBee Do?
Designed for wireless controls andDesigned for wireless controls and
sensorssensors
Operates in Personal Area NetworksOperates in Personal Area Networks
(PAN’s) and device-to-device(PAN’s) and device-to-device
networksnetworks
Connectivity between small packetConnectivity between small packet
devicesdevices
Control of lights, switches,Control of lights, switches,
thermostats, appliances, etc.thermostats, appliances, etc.
17. How ZigBee WorksHow ZigBee Works
TopologyTopology
– StarStar
– Cluster TreeCluster Tree
– MeshMesh
Network coordinator, routers, endNetwork coordinator, routers, end
devicesdevices
18. How ZigBee WorksHow ZigBee Works
States of operationStates of operation
– ActiveActive
– SleepSleep
DevicesDevices
– Full Function Devices (FFD’s)Full Function Devices (FFD’s)
– Reduced Function Devices (RFD’s)Reduced Function Devices (RFD’s)
Modes of operationModes of operation
– BeaconBeacon
– Non-beaconNon-beacon
24. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard wasThe IEEE 802.15.4 standard was
completed in May 2003.completed in May 2003.
The ZigBee specifications were ratified onThe ZigBee specifications were ratified on
14 December 2004.14 December 2004.
The ZigBee Alliance announced publicThe ZigBee Alliance announced public
availability of Specification 1.0 on 13 Juneavailability of Specification 1.0 on 13 June
2005.2005.
Much research is still going on withMuch research is still going on with
ZigBee.ZigBee.
25. Research PapersResearch Papers
Time Synchronization for ZigBee NetworksTime Synchronization for ZigBee Networks
ZigBee: “Wireless Control That SimplyZigBee: “Wireless Control That Simply
Works”Works”
Journal of Neuroengineering andJournal of Neuroengineering and
RehabilitationRehabilitation
Development of Ubiquitous SensorDevelopment of Ubiquitous Sensor
NetworkNetwork
Wireless Technologies for Data AcquisitionWireless Technologies for Data Acquisition
SystemsSystems
27. Current ZigBee UsesCurrent ZigBee Uses
Environmental MonitoringEnvironmental Monitoring
Agricultural MonitoringAgricultural Monitoring
Home Automation Still on HorizonHome Automation Still on Horizon
