The document discusses how the rate of change outside organizations is accelerating and the importance of organizations keeping pace. It notes that in recent decades, the average lifespan of S&P 500 companies has dropped from 67 years in the 1920s to just 15 years currently. Other trends highlighted include the growth of social media, big data, crowdsourcing, and new forms of online collaboration and financing. Virtual worlds and 3D printing are presented as emerging technologies that could further transform how products are developed and businesses are structured in the future.
2. "...when the rate of change
outside an organization is
greater than the rate of change
inside, the end is near...."
Jack Welch…
3. Increasing pace of change
Of original Forbes 100 in 1917
- 61 companies ceased to exist by 1987
- 18 of remaining 39 underperformed market by 20%
- Only 2 beat market index (GE & Eastman Kodak)
- Only 1 (1%) today!
Average S&P 500 company lifespan
− 1920s – 67 years
− 2010s – 15 years
Dr. Richard Foster, Yale, Sept 2012
− Today's rate of change is at faster pace than ever
− By 2020 prediction is > 75% of S&P 500 will be
companies we do not know about today
http://www.fastcompany.com/3001444/what-zara-pg-and-berlitz-know-about-agility
4. Did You Know: Shift Happens
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cL9Wu2kWwSY&feature=search
1. What trends do you recognize?
2. How are these trends affecting you and
your organization?
3. What does this have to do with networks?
6. A Big Bang in the Information Universe
2.7Bln
daily comments and
”likes” on Facebook
500Mln
daily posts on Twitter
and Weibo combined
200k
videos uploaded to
YouTube daily
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet, Tomas Larsson, 2012
7. Big Data is now big money
Tomas Larsson, Sep 2012
http://hbr.org/2012/10/data-scientist-
the-sexiest-job-of-the-21st-century/ar/1
8. ”No one knows everything,
everyone knows something,
all knowledge resides in humanity.”networks
Adapted from Lévy 1997
Six degrees of
separation
- Milgram, 1967
9. 3.74 degrees of separation!
Source: Facebook
Aug 2012
5 mln active monthly
users in Sweden
11. Growing social media landscapes
http://www.resonancechina.com/2012/03/13/updated-2012-china-social-media-landscape/
12. Social Media – the connected world
Engagement
Commerce
Analytics
Influence
Platforms -
Integrators
Enterprise
Consultants
Social-Local-
Mobile
Gaming
Mahaley 2012
13. People > 45 years becoming more active
Edison Research, 2012 - US-based study
% age group with personal profile on
any social networking website
14. Social media gaining in influence
on buying decisions
Which ONE social networking site or service
influences your buying decisions the most?
Edison Research, 2012 - US-based study
15. 67% in USA do not follow a brand in social media
and for those who do, no one brand dominates
Of 332 responses
Edison Research, 2012
Think about the companies, brands, products and services
you enjoy following on social networking sites.
What is the first ONE that comes to mind?
16. Creation > curation
46% Creators: Create and post photos, videos, etc.
41% Curators: Find and post photos, videos, etc.
http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2012/Online-Pictures.aspx
17. The wisdom of the crowd
Closed
Expensive
Complex
Accurate
Open
Inexpensive
Simple
Close enough
Hinton 2007
Accurate
Up-to-date
18. History tends to repeat itself….
Innovation, financial crisis, industrial revolution, …
Steam
engine
Internal
combustion
engine
Microelectronics
Late 18th C Late 19th C Late 20th C
Schön 2008
Third
industrial
revolution?
19. Where have the traditional sources of
sustainable competitive advantage been?
#1
Innovation
Networks of
relationships
Brand &
Reputation
FIRM
Kaye 1993
24. Open innovation in high tech
For 10 years IBM has hosted “ideajams” on specific challenges, i.e., text-based chats
with hundreds, even thousands of contributors from inside and outside IBM. “The 2006
Innovation JamTM brought together >150,000 people from 104 countries and 67
companies. 10 new IBM businesses were launched with seed investment of $100 mln.”
Mahaley 2012
31. Open innovation in automotive design/production
“Local Motors is the place for people to create
influential vehicles together.”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azCRuwtE_n0
32. The Firm
The Collectivevs
E.g., Microsoft
~ Built by employees within
organizational boundaries
E.g., Linux
~ Built by users and distributed
freely regardless of affiliation
Models of Knowledge Creation
Teigland, Di Gangi, & Yetis 2012
34. OpenSimulator: A value-creation ecosystem
Academic
Entrepreneur
Hobbyist
Large Firm
Non-profit
Local Public
Federal Public
Research Inst
SME Employee
Periphery
Teigland, Di Gangi, & Yetis 2012
USD 5.5mln in
development costs
48. Just when you thought you got it….
Here comes the Immersive Internet….
O’Driscoll 2009
49. What are Virtual Worlds ?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Quh2OiPHkm8
Platforms for unleashing creativity
and revolutionizing value creation
50. My CV
•Leading a virtual team of 30
individuals from across the globe
•Creating and successfully executing
strategies under pressure
•Managing cross-cultural conflict
without face-to-face communication
Building skills in virtual environments
51. The number of virtual worlds and users
continues to rapidly increase
http://www.slideshare.net/nicmitham/kzero-universe-q1-2012
≈1.9 bln accounts
≈100 worlds
52. ≈1.4 bln VW accounts under age 16
http://www.slideshare.net/nicmitham/kzero-universe-q1-2012
225 mln
170 mln
200 mln
265 mln
42 mln (and 8.2 mln bought)
53. “Clearly, if social activity migrates to
synthetic worlds, economic activity will
go there as well.” Castronova, 2006
$14.8 billion
worldwide market for
virtual goods in 2012E
http://www.superdataresearch.com/monetization-is-a-four-letter-word/
54. US$ 635,000 for a virtual asteroid!
http://blogs.forbes.com/oliverchiang/2010/11/13/meet-the-man-who-
just-made-a-cool-half-million-from-the-sale-of-virtual-property/
•US$ 500,000 profit in 5 years
by Jon “Neverdie” Jacobs
•Entropia Universe with GDP
>US$ 440 mln
55. Cloud party on Facebook - In beta
Marketplace app and Cloud Coins
https://www.facebook.com/CloudParty
57. Euroversity Network
Overview
− EU funded, 3 year multilateral and transversal network (LLP EACEA, KA3 (ICT))
− December 2011 – December 2014
− Project Leader: University of Hull (Darren Mundy, Luisa Panichi)
− 19 partners from Austria, Cyprus, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Sweden, UK
Network Aims
−Collect good practice examples in teaching and learning in virtual worlds from
different subjects and national and local contexts
− Facilitate transfer of core knowledge to new contexts
− Provide framework for creation of pan-European virtual-world university
Expected Outcomes
− Increased number of experts in virtual world education
− Policy for long-term sustainability of network and its outcomes
− Model for knowledge transfer
− Range of dissemination events
More information: http://www.euroversity.eu/
58. Training and simulation for
Providers of Healthcare Delivery
In hospital counseling at
Univ of New England
Virtual hallucinations at
UC Davis
Pharmacy training at Umeå U Emergency training w/ SAIC
59. Accelerating innovation to meet global needs
Teigland et al. 2010
Integrating users in
development process
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kMNWBU1Yb8
62. The future of immersion…
http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-19568451
63. Increasing pace of VW/3Di development
Browser-based,
hyperlinked 3D
Radical interfaces
Mobile
Short-term Mid-term
Long-term
Adapted from Burden, 2012
64. Coming soon – by Palgrave Macmillan
Release date
April 19,
2013
http://www.amazon.com/The-Immersive-
Internet-Reflections-Entangling/dp/1137283017
71. What should you think about?
How to let go?
How to leverage the power of networks to
create value inside and outside the
boundaries of the firm?
How to create a sustainable ecosystem?
72. Karinda Rhode
aka Robin Teigland
robin.teigland@hhs.se
www.knowledgenetworking.org
www.slideshare.net/eteigland
www.nordicworlds.net
RobinTeigland
Photo: Lindholm, Metro
Photo:
Nordenskiöld
Photo:
Lindqvist
If you love knowledge,
set it free…
Of original Forbes 100 in 191761 companies ceased to exist by 198718 of remaining 39 underperformed market by 20%Only 2 beat market index (GE & Eastman Kodak)Only 1 (1%) today!Of companies in original S&P 500 in 1957426 companies ceased to exist by 1997Only 12 (2.4%) outperformed S&P 500 index in 1997 Of top 100 companies in Korea in 1955Only 7 still on list in 20041997 crisis destroyed half of 30 largest conglomerates
Strong ties – 4-6 on averageWeak ties – 150 on average Teamporary ties -
I always like to put things into perspective. I think that what is interesting and relevant here is that several economic historians had actually predicted the crisis that we are experiencing now. I don’t have time to go into all the details, but what we are seeing is a pattern repeating itself. As in the late 18th and 19th Centuries there was a technological innovation that led to a period first of transformation as the innovation began to be diffused, then a period of rationalization leading to an imbalance, and then to a financial crisis coming around 40 years after the innovation. However, in the past, these financial crises have then led to periods of great economic development – industrial revolutions, in which industry profitability has been restored through a redistribution of the value-added between capital and labor. But more importantly, these crises filtered out those organizations that could not adapt and change to stay competitive in the new industrial environment. And one of the most important things that is of interest for today’s discussion is that in one of the factors facilitating these new phases of economic growth following the crisis has been that a generation of people that had never experienced life without the innovation starts to enter the workforce – thus they are not restricted by old ways of thinking.experiencing now some economic historians claim to be due to the innovation of the microprocessor and microelectronics in the 1970s. Similar to what we experienced with the innovation of the steam engine in the late 18th C and the internal combustion engine and electric motor in the late 19th C, there was a subsequent crisis about due to various forces converging. We saw that as these basic innovations were diffused, people stopped investing in the existing industrial structure and instead focused on investing in a new generation of competitive machinery, which then led to an industrial revolution in both cases as the innovations became embedded in society. At the same time, the crisis served to release the negative pressure that had been built up as well as to restore industry profitability through the redistribution of value-added between capital and labor. Other notesNotes from article - Schön, L, Economic Crises and Restructuring in HistoryA crisis is connected with changes in the long term or structural conditions built up during a rather long period of time and effects behavior for a long time to comeTransformation – changes in industrial structure – resources are reallocated between industries and diffusion of basic innovations with industry that provides new bases for such reallocationRationalization – concentration of resources to most productive units within the branches and measures to increase efficiency in different lines of productionShifts between transformation and rationalization have occurred with considerable regularity in structural cycle of 40 years – 25 years on transformation, and 15 years on rationalization. Crises been part of this cycle as wellInternational crisis in 1840s – How go from crisis to expansion quickly – went quite rapidly in 1930s for Sweden – but Sweden in opposite corner in 1970s1850s – upswing of industrial and infrastructural investments was linked to breakthrough of mechanized factories in Sweden, modernization of steel processes and construction of railways1930s and more marked after WWII late 1940s - expansion of electrification and diffusion of automobiles, processing of electrosteel to small motors in handicraft and household – combination with motorcar – new styles in living and consumptionWaves of investments around development of an infrastructure from basic innovation of preceding cycle mid 1970s – microprocessor – knowledge and information in production of goods and servicesIt is not the basic innovation itself – but the diffusion of the innovation that counts!When invented, then expensive to implement, have a narrow range of application – Following generalization – A structural crisis (that has been preceded by an early development of basic innovations) has put an end to old directions of investments mainly in rationalization of existing industrial structure and given rise to investments in ne and devt of new tech that after one decade (the length of the classical Juglar cycle of machinery investments) has created a new generation of economically competitive machineryReallocation of labor occurs approx 15-30 years after the structural crisisDevelopment of markets – distribution of value added between capital and labour is one mirror of these changesDiffusion of innovations leads to expansion of markets and arrival of new competitors – Structural crises – release negative pressure and restored profitability in industry – get rid of those who not competitive
Kay, J. (1993) Foundations of Corporate Success, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Currently totaling almost 100,000 ideas for new products. Ideas that are implemented are displayed on their website. The ideas go beyond products to services and corporate social responsibility actions.
Collect ideas from employees Solicit feedback and suggestions from employees and customers Run innovation contests and competitions Validate concepts Use the power of "crowd-sourcing" to rank ideas and allow the best ideas to rise to the top
In September 2011, GE and partners launched a $100 million open innovation challenge which sought to identify and accelerate ideas that advance breast cancer early detection and diagnostics. Explore the 500 submissions through this interactive data visualization and see the five seed winners that were awarded $100,000 each from GE to develop their ideas.
(1) Enabling people to do things we already know how to do and (2)creating collaborative environments that allow people to develop new ideasand concepts to address unanticipated opportunities or challenges.Productive learning focuses mostly on the individual and on helpingthat individual to adopt a pattern of behavior that improves productivity.Generative learning, by contrast, is a collaborative endeavor. Shared meaningand insights are developed at the group level, and these insights driveenterprise transformation to ensure growth and sustainability. Today, thelearning function is focused primarily on productive learning. As a result,it appears that trainers are more likely to want to maintain the status quo,rather than challenge it.Learning is a far more complicated phenomenon than can ever be limitedto the classroom context. If we convey knowledge about tasks we alreadyknow how to do, we call it productive learning . If we share knowledge abouttasks that are new and different, we call it generative learning . Productivelearning serves largely to maintain the status quo within an enterprise byconveying what is already known, while generative learning involves notonly absorbing existing information but also creating new solutions to unanticipatedproblems. Information age learning requires that individuals andorganizations change the way they think about and act on what is knownand what needs to be known in order to innovate, change, and win.
Threadless:What came first – the community or the company?RT: presents Threadless, http://www.nickburcher.com/2009/05/threadless-twitter-tees-another-example.html1,530,000 followers on TwitterThe whole business model for Threadless is based on an implicit understanding of how the social web works and gives a great demonstration of how communities can be built and harnessed across an organisation. Identifying online enthusiasts and passion groups and then using social platforms to bring them into the core of a business would appear to be a more powerful way of utilising social opportunities than just running ads on Facebook - but it requires a good deal more commitment. The media aspect of social offers some exciting opportunities for brands, but the potential of the social web can be significantly greater if the power of community is fully realised. In summary, there has to be purpose behind why you use social media. Largest challenge is about changing the mindset though – where create value? Use of social media considerably larger in smaller companies: Inc 100 vs Fortune 100. In these smaller companies, social media being used as a leadership tool as well.
The Forge “The world’s first open-source community of car designers and fabricators.” Crowdsourced design and selection process; option to help build your own car.
Liam Dippenaar couldn't catch a ball with both hands. Holding two objects at once was a feat and, though right-handed, the 5-year-old used his left. Born with Ambiotic Band Syndrome, Liam lacks the instrument critical for most tasks: fingers. Thanks to two strangers halfway around the world and the magic of 3D printing, Liam is now able to color and write to his heart's content. Ivan Owen and Richard Van As created Robohand, an open-sourced device built with customized prosthetic fingers. Owen, of Washington state, and Van As, of South Africa, collaborated via the Internet to create the prosthetic. The duo decided to make the design in the public domain to help others who can benefit from the technology.Their journey started in 2011, when Van As came across a video of Owen's costume piece, a robotic hand built for amusement. Van As lost most of the fingers on his right hand in a woodworking accident and cast a net out for those willing to help build a prosthetic. Owen was the only one who agreed. "I had started with the first prototype prior to meeting Ivan. But yes, there were so many obstacles and one of the main ones was contacting people and them just saying, 'No, it can’t be done,'" Van As tells Mashable. Long nights on Skype and a 10-hour time difference took some getting used to, but the two kept the project going through email and file sharing. Owen and Van As initially used a milling machine and spent hours engineering parts until MakerBot donated two Replicator2 Desktop 3D Printers. The donation exponentially cut production time for prototypes. What used to take up to three days to complete can now be done in only 20 minutes. Using OpenSCAD, a free software application, Owen and Van As can exchange files and make changes in minutes. Jenifer Howard, MakerBot's PR director, says the cross-continent collaboration fits perfectly with the company's mission. "We love to see our printers being used for amazing life-changing and life-validating projects like this," Howard says. The two men document their progress on a blog called "Coming up Short Handed." Liam's mother, Yolandi, saw the site and reached out to Van As for help. Liam, who has no fingers on his right hand, received his own Robohand at no cost after several trials and prototypes. "At first it was quite amazing to see the smile on his face when they made the first prototype and he put it on his hand," Yolandi says. "His expression was, 'Oh wow, it’s copying me.'
http://orgnet.com/community.html
http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~drand/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0CijdlYOSPcWhile many definitions of VWs, these are the characteristics that I find relevant to the study of virtual entrepreneurship. Persistent, computer-simulated, immersive environments ranging from 2D "cartoon" imagery to more immersive 3D environmentworld exists regardless of whether users logged inUsers can manipulate and/or alter existing content or even create customized content Shared space or co-presencenumerous users, or ‘avatars’, simultaneously participate, interact, and share experiences through gestures, text chat, and voiceSocialization/community formation of in-world social groups such as teams, guilds, clubs, cliques, housemates, neighborhoods, etc the world allowed and encouraged
https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/cGAPUCiKe6LI6l5fM4rFqAComputer-generated, persistent spaceThree-dimensional, immersiveenvironmentExperienced by many people at once/interactivity
RT: traditional leadership further challenged as we move to a world of web 3.0 or the immersive internet…http://www.forbes.com/sites/limyunghui/2012/08/02/1-6-of-facebook-users-spent-over-1-billion-on-virtual-goods/http://www.informationweek.com/development/mobility/virtual-goods-to-generate-29-billion-in/232602637http://techcrunch.com/2012/02/29/virtual-good-market-boom/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ahqjBeknT0
https://www.facebook.com/CloudParty
www.euroversity.eu
Lecuyer et al, Brain-Computer Interfaces, Virtual Reality, and Videogames Opensimulator3d printingBCI
RT: the 3D internet characterized by ….(next slide)
Abandoned factory in Michigan: http://www.nebraskaweatherphotos.org/july2009photos.htmlOffice building: http://homeasnika.com/office-buildings/
http://journals.tdl.org/jvwr/article/view/866
I can’t find the source for this, it would be great if someone could point this out to me.