1. PHONETICS
Phonetics : The study of the sounds
in the production of
human speech
Articulatory phonetics:
The study of human speech
apparatus
PHONETICS
Acoustics Phonetics: The
study of how speech sounds
are produced.
Auditory phonetics: The study
of how speech sounds are
heard and perceive by brain.

2. SPEECH APARATUS
Human being have no organs that are
used only for speech. The organs that
produce speech sounds have evolved
principally to serve the life-sustaining
processes of breathing and eating. Speech
is secondary function of human “speech
apparatus” and in this sense it is
sometimes said to be parasitic on these
organs.

4. PLACE (POINTS) OF ARTICULATION

5. Place of articulation
Since all consonants are the result of
constriction at some point in the vocal tract,
they can all be said to have location. The
point at which a sound is produced or
articulated is known as its place of
articulation. This is normally one of the
fixed structures of our oral cavity, such as
hard palate or alveolar. The constriction is
caused by moving an articulator ( usually
tongue) to that location in order to obstruct
the airflow.

6. Place of articulation
The place of articulations are:
 Labial
 Dental
 Alveolar
 Palatal
 Velar
 Glottal

8. The Role of Larynx in Speech
The first point where the airflow from the
lungs encounters a controlled resistance is
at the larynx, a structure of muscle and
cartilage located at the upper end of the
trachea (windpipe). The resistance can be
controlled by the different position and
tension in the vocal cords, two muscular
bands of tissue that stretch from front to
back within the larynx.

9. Manner of Articulations
1. Stop.
The airflow is completely stopped at
some point within the oral cavity
followed by sudden air release (plosive).
2. Nasal.
The oral stops the airflow but let it pass
through nasal cavity.
3. Fricatives.
The tongue raises to the point of
articulation but leave a narrow groove
for the air to escape.

10. Manner of Articulations
4. Affricates.
The combination between stop followed
by fricative.
5. Trill
Rapid vibration of the tip

11. Quality of sound
1. Voiced.
The airstream makes the vocal cords
vibrate.
2. Voiceless
The airstream do not make the vocal
cords vibrate.