The document is a presentation on computer hardware from the University of Dhaka, discussing definitions and essential components of a computer system. It covers various essential hardware components like keyboards, monitors, and CPUs, as well as optional components like sound cards and network interface cards. The document provides detailed descriptions of each component's functionality and their classifications.

1. Presentation onPresentation on
Computer HardwareComputer Hardware
UNIVERSITY OF DHAKAUNIVERSITY OF DHAKA
DEPARTMENT OFDEPARTMENT OF
INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY MANAGEMENTINFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY MANAGEMENT
Course Name: NewTechnologies &CurrentTrendsCourse Name: NewTechnologies &CurrentTrends
In Information SystemIn Information System
Course no: 207Course no: 207
SUBMITTEDTO :SUBMITTEDTO :
DR.SHIFUL ISLAMDR.SHIFUL ISLAM
Department ofDepartment of
INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY MANAGEMENTINFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY MANAGEMENT

2. SUBMITTED BY
GROUP-1 (COMPUTER HARDWRE)
Group Leader: Ahmadul Islam Howlader
Group Member:
1.Maria Sultana
2.Rafia Farzana
3.Sadia Akter
4.Sayed MD.Izharul Haque
5. Rupali Das
6.Nur Hossain
7.Ershad Mahmud
8.MD.Mehedi Hassan
9.MD. Minhaz Uddin

3. Topics:Topics:
Definitions of computer hardware
Essential hardware components of computer system
Optional hardware components of computer system

4. Definitions of computer hardwareDefinitions of computer hardware
The mechanical devices that make up the computer are called
hardware.
Hardware is any part of the computer we can touch.
 According to Tim Fisher – ``Hardware, in the computer world, refers to
the physical components that make up a computer system.”
 According to Alan Clements-``Hardware means all the parts of the
computer that are not software .It includes processor, its memory, the
buses that connect devices together and the peripheral.”
So we can say that all the physical components of the computer system
including wires and cables connecting to the CPU and other components
of computer system are collectively called computer hardware.

5. Hardware without software is like a
car with no driver , it is useless.The
hardware may be off-line that is
detached from the computer and
operating independently or they may
be on line that is directly
Example:A printer is an off –line
device and a keyboard is a on-line
device.

6. Essential Hardware Components of Computer
System
1. Keyboard
2. Monitor
3. Mouse
4. Computer Cases/System Box/System Unit
5. CD-ROM
6. DVD Drive
7. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
8. Motherboard
9. Memory
10. Hard Disk
11. Printer

8. KEYBOARD
Keyboard is a panel of keys that operate a computer. It is an input
device that enables us to enter data into a computer. Computer
keyboards are similar to electronic type writer keyboards but contain
additional keys.
Keys on Keyboard:
The keys on computer keyboards are often classified as follow:

9. 1. Alphanumeric keys: Letters & Numbers.

10. 2. Punctuation Keys: Comma, Semicolon, etc.

11. 3. Special Keys: Arrow keys, Caps lock, Control keys,
Function Keys and so on.

12. MONITOR
Monitor is one of the important output devices of computer. It is a
display screen, looks like a television screen. It is used to provide visual
output from a computer.
Types of Monitor:
Monitors are of three types
based on colours.
These are -

13. 1. Monochrome Monitors: Display only one colour
against a contrasting.

14. 2. Grayscale Monitor: This monitor display gray
against a white or off-white background.

15. 3. Colour Monitor: Displays 16 colours to 16 million
colours.

16. Monitor may be of two categories based on
technologies:
1. LCD - Stands for liquid
crystal display.
Example: The newer, flatter
type of computer screen.

17. 2. CRT - Stands for cathode ray tube.
Example: The traditional glass-screen, television set
like monitor.

18. MOUSE
A hand operator electronic device that controls the co-ordinates of a
cursor on our computer screen as we move it around on a pad, on the
bottom of the device is a ball that rolls on the surface of the pad.
Types of mouse:
There are three types of mouse:

19. 1. Early Mouse

20. 2. Mechanical Mouse

21. 3. Optical Mouse

22. COMPUTER CASE
Computer case is the enclosure that contains most of the
components of a computer. It also provides the framework of the
whole computer system & it includes the power supply that will run
the computer.

23. Most computers contain the following devices inside the
case:
1. System board
2. Floppy drive, hard
drive,& CD-ROM/DVD
drive.
3. Power supply with
power cables.
4. Circuit boards.
5. Cables connecting
devices to circuit board.

24. CD-ROM OR CD-ROM DRIVE
The full meaning of CD-ROM drive is a compact Disk-Read Only
Memory. It is connected with a computer on which a CD-ROM can be
“played” drive & this device can write data onto or reads from a storage
medium.

25. DVD DRIVE
DVD Drive stands for Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc. This is an
optical digital disc for storing movie’s & data. The disc uses the same
diameter plotter as a CD, but holds 4.7GB rather than 700MB. Whereas CDs
use only one side, DVDs are made in a ROM in erasable &recordable
formats. Though DVD players can usually read CDs, CD players can’t read
DVDs.

26. CENTRAL PROCESSIN UNIT (CPU)
The most important hardware device in a computer system is the
central processing unit or CPU which carries out the instruction of a
computer program by performing basic arithmetical, logical &
input/output operations of the system.

27. MOTHERBOARD
The largest & most important circuit board in the computer is the
motherboard. Motherboard also known as main board or system board,
which contains the CPU. Motherboard is the most complicated piece of
equipment inside the case because all devices in a computer are either
installed directly or linked to it by expansion cards.

28. MEMORY
In computing, memory refers to the physical devices used to store
programs or data on a temporary or permanent basis for use in a
computer or other digital electronic devices.
Types of memory:
There are two types of
memory.

29. 1. Primary Memory:
It is the working memory or the memory that can be used at run time
only when the computer is switched on. This memory is accessible
directly by the processing unit.
Example: RAM

30. 2. Secondary Memory:
Secondary memory is also known as storage. Primary memory is much
faster than secondary memory and more expensive.
Example: Optical Disk.

31. HARD DISK
A hard disk is a device for storing and retrieving digital information. It
contains one or more rigid rapidly rotating disk coated with magnetic
material arrangement to write data to the surfaces and read it from them.

32. PRINTER
Printer is a computer peripherals device and the most commonly used
output device that produce a hard copy from data stored in a computer
connected to it.
Types of printers:
a. Impact Printer - Typewriter

33. b. Non-impact Printer - Laser printers, Inkjet, Thermal
& Photo printer.

34. Optical Hardware Components of Computer
System
1. Joy stick
2. Scanner
3. Digitizer
4. TV Card
5. CD Writer
6. Optical Mark Reader (OMR)
7. Barcode Reader
8. Sound Card
9. Speaker
10. Network Interface Card (NIC)
11. UPS

35. JOY STICK
Joy stick is a pointing device which is used to move cursor position on a
monitor screen. Basically it is an input device of the computer system that
is mainly used in CAD (Computer Aided Designing) and playing computer
games. It consists of a handle that can be moved in all four directions. The
function of joy stick is similar to that of a mouse.

36. SCANNER
Scanner is a input device that used for digitizing images such as
photographs, forms, documents etc. into computer memory. It is used to
scan images or documents as well as OCR (Optical Character
Recognition), OMR (Optical Mark Recognition) and many other detecting
censors.
There are three basic types of scanner:
a. Flatbed
b. Sheet-fed
c. Handheld

37. DIGITIZER
Digitizer is used to create drawings and pictures using a digitizer tablet by
a process called digitizing.
It consists of three main parts-

38. 1. A flat surface called ‘Tablet’

39. 2. A small handheld mouse like device called ‘Puck’

40. 3. A special pen like device called ‘Stylus’

41. TV CARD
TV card is a device by which with association of monitor television’s
programs are seen.

42. Two types of TV cards are used in computers:
1. Internal

43. 2. External

44. CD WRITER
A CD Writer is a common drive included on today’s computers. It allows
us to read and write CD-ROM disks and use for copying data from a
computer onto a CD.

45. OMR (Optical Mark Reader)
It’s an especial type of optical scanner used to recognize the type of mark
made by pen or pencil. It is especially used for checking the answer sheets
of examination having multiple choice questions.

46. BARCODE READER
It is an optical scanner used for reading bar coded data. The barcode
reader reads the bar-coded data and converts it into electrical pulses,
which are then processed by the computer.

47. SOUND CARD
A sound card (also known as an audio card) is an internal computer
expansion card that facilities the input and output of audio signals to and
from a computer under control of computer programs.

48. Sound Card Connections
With almost every sound card we will have four
connections:
1. Sound out or line out
2. Sound in or line in
3. Microphone and
4. MIDI (Joystick)

49. SPEAKER
Definition:
A device that converts analogue signal in to the equivalent air vibration in
order to make audio sound.

50. NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC)
Definition: Network interface card is the card that physically makes the
connection between the computer and the network cable.

51. Role of NIC
The role of the NIC is to:
1. Prepare data from the computer for the network cable.
2. Send the data to another computer.
3. Control the flow of data between the computer and cabling system.
4. Receive incoming data from the cable and translate it into bytes that can be
understood by the computer’s central processing unit (CPU)

52. UPS
Definition: Uninterrupted power supply is an electrical apparatus that
provides emergency power source, typically main power, fails.

53. Types of UPS
1. Standby UPS

54. 2. Line Interactive UPS

55. 3. Standby on-line hybrid UPS

56. 4. Standby-Ferro UPS

57. 5. Double Conversion On-Line UPS