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gamma rays
Gamma rays are a form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation produced by nuclear processes such as radioactivity and electron-positron annihilation. They differ from X-rays in their origin, with gamma rays emanating from the nucleus, while X-rays come from the electron fields. Artificial sources include nuclear fission and high-energy physics experiments, and they have various applications, including medical imaging.
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gamma rays
- 2. Gamma rays(often denoted by the Greek letter gamma, γ) is an energetic form of electromagnetic radiation produced by radioactivity or nuclear or subatomic processes such as electron- positron annihilation and radioactive decay.
- 3. Inventor Figures In theend of 1890, Bacquerel discovered radioactivity inadvertently. He covered the uranium salt by using thick black paper and put it on the photographic plate. And then he put it into the drawer without exposed it to sunlight first. A few days later he found that the photographic plate became dark. He speculated that the radiation is stronger than the X ray. Antoine Henri Becquerel
- 4. Gamma ray isdiscovered by French chemist and physicist, Paul Ulrich Villard in 1900 while studying the radiation emanating from Radium, Polonium and Uranium. He finds that gamma-ray can not be deflected by magnetic fields. Inventor Figures Paul Ulrich Villard
- 5. In 1914, Ernest Rutherfordand Edward Andrade showed that gamma rays were a form of electromagnetic radiation by measuring their wavelengths using crystal diffraction. The measured wavelengths were similar to those of X-rays and are very short. It was Ernest Rutherford who named gamma rays. Inventor Figures Edward Neville da Costa Andrade Ernest Rutherford
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- 9. Radiation ofshort wavelength and high frequency Not deflected in a magnetic field The greatest energy The strongest penetration
- 10. ELECTRON–POSITRON ANNIHILATION Electron–positron annihilation occurswhen an electron (e−) and a positron (e+, the electron's antiparticle) collide. The result of the collision is the annihilation of the electron and positron, and the creation of gamma ray photons e− + e+ → γ + γ
- 11. Radioactive decay Anexcited nucleus can decay by the emission of an α or β particle. The daughter nucleus that results is usually left in an excited state. It can then decay to a lower energy state by emitting a gamma ray photon, in a process called gamma decay.
- 12. Gamma Rays andX-rays They act somewhat like a particle at times in that they occur as small "packets" of energy and are referred to as "photons." They differ in their origin. Gamma rays originate in the nucleus. X-rays originate in the electron fields surrounding the nucleus or are machine-produced.
- 13. Sources • Natural sourcesof gamma rays on Earth include gamma decay from naturally occurring radioisotopes such as potassium-40, and also as a secondary radiation from various atmospheric interactions with cosmic ray particles. Some rare terrestrial natural sources that produce gamma rays that are not of a nuclear origin, are lightning strikes and terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, which produce high energy emissions from natural high-energy voltages. Gamma rays are produced by a number of astronomical processes in which very high-energy electrons are produced. Such electrons produce secondary gamma rays by the mechanisms of bremsstrahlung, inverse Compton scattering and synchrotron radiation. A large fraction of such astronomical gamma rays are screened by Earth's atmosphere and must be detected by spacecraft. Notable artificial sources of gamma rays include fission such as occurs in nuclear reactors, and high energy physics experiments, such as neutral pion decay and nuclear fusion
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- 15. Preserving of Sorghum First• Sorghum seed counted 400 seeds / dose Second • Perform radiation using gamma rays at a dose of 0,100,200,300,400, ..., 1000 Gy with gamma irradiator chamber (4000-A) Third • M1 seed seeding seedling done in tub Fourth • Sowing the seed that has been irradiated in a manner aligned (1 line = 1 dose) Fifth • After 1 week sprouts calculation Sixth • Week 2 transpalanting process is carried out to obtain the M1 plants Seventh • Management of planting soil tillage is done with perfect technique. Eighth • Harvesting is done 15 weeks after planting.
- 16. Fermi Gamma-ray SpaceTelescope This animation tracks several gamma rays through space and time, from their emission in the jet of a distant blazar to their arrival in Fermi's Large Area Telescope (LAT). (video)
- 17. Gamma Camera GammaCamera Equipment is a tool used in nuclear medical depiction, to see and analyze or diagnose overview of the human body by detecting the radiation beam from a radio isotope that is inserted into the patient's body
- 19. First,patient aregiven clinical management base on the case he felt, then the patient will be placed on the patient table , detector will be directed to the organ examined . The detector will detect particle radiation that emitted by the isotope that accumulate in the organs . Pulse electricity generated by the detector will be amplified by the amplifier circuit early the pulse energy that correspond to the weight of the isotopes are passed , by engineering logic is formed into a signal pulse signal Z. X , Y and Z was generated , is fed to the input interface module imaging to be converted into digital signals that can be understood by software acquisitions on the computer . The results of the data recording will be imaged by acquisition software Medic view be patient organ image , then the image of this organ performed using analysis , image data processing , file storage , reporting and sending files to physicians and other parts for further treatment .
- 21. • This devicecontains radiation source in which there are cobalt- 60, and able to emit radiation at 0.75 curies which can penetrate up to 15–18 cm of steel • The radiation is caught by the a vertical tower of gamma detector and then translated by VACIS (Vehicle and Cargo Inspections) software application into an image • The image has an extention .tif and can be annotated by a voice file that has and extention .wav • And then the image will be analyzed by image analyst
- 22. Conclusion • Gamma raysare an energetic form of electromagnetic radiation produced by radioactivity or nuclear or subatomic processes such as electron-positron annihilation. Gamma rays are the rays that have the most powerful of emerge power in comparison with alpha and beta rays, gamma rays are so light that has a wavelength higher than the other beam.
- 23. References • https://www.nde- ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityColleg e/Radiography/Physics/gamma.htm • http://www.epa.gov/radiation/understand/ga mma.html •http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%E2%80 %93positron_annihilation • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray
Editor's Notes
- #3 Sinar gamma (sering dilambangkan dengan huruf Yunani gamma, γ) adalah bentuk energi radiasi elektromagnetik yang dihasilkan oleh radioaktivitas atau proses nuklir atau subatomik seperti peluruhan elektron-positron dan peluruhan radioaktif.
- #11 peluruhan elektron-positron terjadi saat elektron dan positron (anti partikel elektron) bergabung. Hasil tumbukan adalah penghancuran elektron dan positron, dan penciptaan foton sinar gama
- #12 First 60Co decays to excited 60Ni by beta decay emission of an electron. Then the excited 60Ni decays to the ground state by emitting gamma rays in succession of 1.17 MeV followed by 1.33 MeV. A photon is an elementary particle, the quantum of light and all other forms of electromagnetic radiation. An elementary particle or fundamental particle is a particle whose substructure is unknown
- #18 Beam=berkas