published by Indonesia Water and Sanitation Working Group. First edition on August 2003

2. Information Media for Water Supply and
Environmental Sanitation
From The Editor 1
Published by: Your Voice 2
Water Supply and Sanitation
Working Group Main Report
Communication And WSES Development 3
Advisor:
Public Media 5
Director General for Human Settlement,
Department of Public Works International Sanitation Year Corner
Five Messages of Sanitation 8
Board of Trustee:
Director of Settlement and Housing, National Regulation
Development Planning Agency Public Work Minister Regulation No. 20/PRT/M/2006 on National
Director of Water and Sanitation,
Policy and Strategy of water Supply System Development 9
Ministry of Health
Director of Water Supply Development, Insight
Department of Public Works Clean Water, Sanitation and Disaster Risk Reduction 11
Director of Natural Resources and Appropriate
Technology, Director General on Village and Community Based Landfill Monitoring 12
Community Empowerment, World’s Handwashing With Soap Day 13
Department of Home Affairs
Government and Private Cooperation (KPS) in the Water Supply Sector
Director for Facilitation of Special Planning
Environment Management, Looking at Jakarta’s Case within the Context of KPS Dynamic 16
Department of Home Affairs Innovation
Chief Editor:
Hidayat Energy Producer from Garbage 18
Oswar Mungkasa Repor
Official Appoinment of School Toilet in Tangerang 19
Board of Editor:
Zaenal Nampira, Mirror
Indar Parawansa, Djamaludin Suryohadikusumo Making Compost
Bambang Purwanto
with Love 20
Editor: Plan Roundabout 21
Maraita Listyasari, Rheidda Pramudhy, ISSDP Roundabout 23
Raymond Marpaung, Fany Wedahuditama
Waspola Roundabout 25
Design/Illustrator: Our Guest
Rudi Kosasih
Dewi Motik: "The Level of Education Affects the Quality
Production: of Hygiene" 26
Machrudin Local WSES Working Group Roundabout 28
Distribution: WES-UNICEF Roundabout 29
Agus Syuhada CLTS Roundabout 33
Watsan Network Roundabout 37
Address:
Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat ProAir Roundabout 39
Phone/Fax.: 62-21-31904113 WSES Roundabout 42
http://www.ampl.or.id
e-mail: redaksipercik@yahoo.com Program
redaksi@ampl.or.id Micro Credit for Water Supply 47
oswar@bappenas.go.id IATPI CLINIC 48
Unsolicited article or opinion items CD Info 49
are welcome. Please send to our address Book Info 50
or e-mail. Don't forget to be brief and
accompanied by identity.
Site Info 51
WSES Library 52
Agenda
Percik magazine can be accessed through WSS website http://www.ampl.or.id

3. F R O M T H E E D I TO R
W
e have just celebrated 63r d
independence celebration of
Republic of Indonesia. This
has become simply a routine without us
realizing that actually, so many things are
yet to be achieved in order to put meaning
in the independence. Percik recalls a
statement from one of the participants
during a meeting with the people of one
of kabupatens of Nusa Tenggara Timur. A
short yet shocking statement "Sir, until
date, we have not yet independence".
What made them say something like
that? The reasons turned out to be sim-
ple; people are still having trouble to
acquire water for their daily needs. Don't
ask them about their defecation habit that
turned out to be an open defecation prac-
tice. This fact has actually become a pub-
lic secret that approximately 90 million
people in Indonesia are without access to
adequate/proper water supply, and
approximately 80 million people still
Pic: Meddy Chandra
practice open defecation. This becomes
extra-ordinary when the people associa- very existence of Percik up to this stage is published for the 5th edition in coopera-
ted it with the meaning of independence. considered to be an amazing achieve- tion with Plan Indonesia. The effort to
Maybe for the people living in the ment. This because the birth of this ma- increase community's understanding
rural areas, the meaning of independence gazine was only initiated by mere regarding WSES has also been done
is quite simple; having access to good spirit/enthusiasm without further through publishing of books, VCD, clip-
water supply. As simple as that. However, thought of whether it will be appreciated ping, opening up libraries, held exhibi-
not even that can be provided. Until when or not. Nevertheless, with time, Percik's tions, run internet sites (WSES site,
do they have to feel that they haven't circulation has kept on increasing from WSES Junior site, Watsan Network). All
independent? This is homework for all of only 5.000 copies to 10.000 copies per in the spirit of informing everything there
us. On what independence celebrations edition. Interestingly, only half of those is to know about WSES to the public in
do no more of our brother feels like they were funded by us, the rest were funded general. Consciously, we chose communi-
haven't independent? by joint fund of other stakeholders. While cation as the focus of our attention.
This fact is the origin of Percik publi- most of the news and articles came from Therefore, purposely on this year birth-
cation 5 years ago. When so many of our the loyal readers. These facts reminded us day edition we raise the theme of com-
brother do not have proper service of that our wish of making Percik as a com- munication and WSES. It was started from
WSES, while the decision makers and munity magazine has became closer and the fact of stil-poor WSES condition which
other related parties still haven't consid- closer to be realized. one of the cause is our weakness in con-
ered this issue as priority. Percik, accord- One joyful thing is that there are more ducting communication between stake-
ingly to the philosophy of its name, are news and variety to be published, which holder, decision makers, and community.
meant as an effort to sprinkle awareness encouraged the publisher of Percik to As closure, the statement of the vil-
of the importance of WSES to the deci- publish printed news letter every month, lage people that "Without proper water
sion makers and to all of us. online news letter by mailing list every we are not yet independent" should be
Five years of age for a magazine is week, including publishing Percik Junior thought deeper and become a whip for all
considerably young. Although for us, the magazine for children that have been us. Greetings.
Percik
October 2008 1

4. YOUR VOICE
Illustration by RudiKoz
Inquiry for download the soft copy as Percik maga-
zine?
WSES Information Material If it possible, can you send it to the
Dear Sir,
address below?
I am a teacher of Chemistry, and very
Eko Hartini, ST
interested with Percik magazine. I would
Jl. Sentiaki Tengah 1 No 10
like to have copy of Percik magazine and
RT 05 RW VII Kel Bulu Lor
other information relating with clean
Semarang 50179
water and sanitation such as the program
Thank you for your kind attention.
of Go to Green School as published in
August edition of 2007. Is it possible for Greeting
Eko Hartini, ST
me to get the book or the copy? Can it be
sent to the address below?
Dear Ibu Eko Hartini, ST
Saiful
1. Your request to acquire Percik maga-
Jl. Jeumpa D-46 Sektor Timur Darus-
zine regularly will be processed immedi-
salam, Banda Aceh
ately. For books and CDs, please contact
Naggroe Aceh Darussalam 23111
WSES Working Group Library, at
Thank you for your kind attention. RSU Pandanarang of Boyolali with AW Jl. Cianjur No 4 Menteng, Jakarta.
PVC pipe with the diameter of 1 ¼ inch, Phone (021) 31904113.
Greeting
Saiful the cost will be Rp 150 thousand as well. 2. It is highly advised that you con-
At the moment, RSU taxes to PDAM is Rp tact Tekno Limbah magazine at Jl.
Dear Bp. Saiful, 14 million/month and during the dry sea- Kaliurang KM 7, Gg Jurugsari IV/19 PO
We will gladly send you Percik son, the water is often not enough. If RSU BOX 19 YKPS Yogyakarta 55281. Phone
magazine regularly along with the copy is willing to pay Rp 30 thousand/tank, (0274)885423/885247.
of information you have inquired. the owner of the water source will earn
gross profit of Rp 9 million/month and
Thank you. Getting the Magazine
the investment will be returned in 18
Regularly
months period of time. At the same time,
Looking for Funding Dear publisher,
this system can also conserve the water
Dear the Head of Publisher of Percik Thank you for sending us Percik mag-
source and other interest.
magazine, azine although we didn't get it regularly.
Through the loyal column of Percik,
We wrote to you on behalf of YPAM at Considering the importance of Percik
we are hoping that one of the funding
Jl. Kentingan 28 Mudal, Boyolali, Central magazine for us, is it possible for the pub-
agencies will be interested with the con-
Jawa, established on August 4th 1995 and lisher to send us the magazine regularly
cept of YPAM. We are willing to expose
actively taking role in community (how much is the cost?) and per how
the result of our survey. Thank you.
empowerment trhpugh water supply de- many months do Percik magazine is
With regard,
velopment using gravity system. YPAM issued?
H Subardi
has sent request to be the partner of Mer- Thank you for your kind attention.
diyaheko@yahoo.com
cy Corp Int & Australian Embassy thro- Hopefully our request can be accepted.
(0276)3293385
ugh DAP. Edi Rahman, SKM
Daily Operator
Along with the getting-scarce clean Seksi Penyehatan Lingkungan
water, we have tried to conduct the ap- Health Agency of Kabupaten Ogan Ilir
South SUmatera Province 30662
proach of community empowerment to Acquiring Books and CDs
the owner of water source at Dusun Sen- Dear Percik Publisher,
1. How to acquire Percik magazine Dear Bp. Edi Rahman,
dang, Cepogo, Boyolali that has abundant
regularly and ow to acquire books and Sorry for the irregular sending of Per-
water resources. We have tried to offer for
CDs on WSES catalogues? cik magazine. In the future, hopefully it
one of the sources with the capacity of 60
2. In the list of book info in the WSES will not happen again. Don't worry abo-
thousand liter to 75 thousand liter/day.
library there is Tekno Limbah magazine. I ut the cost of sending the magazine, un-
Where during the dry season, the price of
am very interested in getting the maga- less you require many issues of the ma-
one tank of water is Rp 70 thousand to Rp
zine as my teaching reference. Can I so- gazine. Percik is issued every 3 months.
150 thousand.
mehow get the magazine? Is it possible to Thank you.
If the water is supplied to 14 km away
2 Percik
October 2008

5. M A I N R E P O RT
COMMUNICATION
AND WSES DEVELOPMENT
WSES development is not only limited on the infrastructure
development. However, in order to maintain continuity of
the facility that has been provided, involvedness and active
participation of the community through advocacy and
socialization of WSES development. Therefore, it cannot be
denied, communication holds important role in the WSES
development in Indonesia.
T
he concept of development commu-
development nication in Indonesian
communica- version is defined as
tion itself can be seen the process of message
in both wider and li- distribution by indi-
mited meaning. In vidual or group to the
wider meaning, deve- public in order to
lopment communica- change attitude, opin-
tion consists of the role ion, and behavior to
and function of com- upsurge physical
munication (as a two- progress and mental
way message excha- satisfaction, which in
nge) between all invol- harmony felt by the
ved parties in the deve- public equally.
lopment effort, espe- As one example,
cially between commu- facilitation given to the
nity and the govern- community is not lim-
ment. ited on physical deve-
In the narrow mea- lopment of the toilet,
ning, development co- but also included soci-
mmunication repre- alization in order for
sents all ways and The radio media remains to be an effective communication media to deliver the community beha-
efforts, as well as tech- the WSES programs. Pic: Special vior to change to not
niques of delivering using, but also main-
ideas and development skills than come understand, accept and participate in tain the toilet. For this reason, communi-
from the party that initiated the develop- realizing the ideas. cation strategy in reality needs to involve
ment and attended to the public in gener- Both meanings are the reference of community, starting from the planning
al. The purpose of the activity is so that development communication concept in process, implementation up to evaluation
the attended community will be able to general. While the unique concept of of toilet development.
Percik
October 2008 3

6. M A I N R E P O RT
The Principle of Development
Communication
Behavior change of the community is
the purpose of the WSES development
communication, and the effort of chang-
ing community behavior is not an easy
matter. In the process of behavior
change, attitude change, and then the
change is applied as action.
Community behavior change can be
accomplished by applying effective and
accurate communication strategy. Deve-
lopment communication will be more
successful in accomplishing the target
and able to avoid possible unwanted
effects due to the miscommunication,
when using development communication
strategy that has been formulated in such
way, hat covers the following principles:
a. Using tailored message for specific
public.
b. Using the approach of "ceiling
effect" by communicating the mes-
sage that for the purposed group
(say the upper economic class) is a
repetitive (no longer useful because
they have passed it or have little
Community group is making WSES campaign materials in the form of audiovisual product.
advantage, however still useful for Pic: WASPOLA doc.
the attended public).
c. Using the approach of "narrow cas- communication between WSES perpe-
ting" or localizing message deliver- Internal communication trator will be a bog problem in the WSES
ance for the interest of the public. development. Not even the most sophis-
requires coordination ticated communication strategy will
d. Using traditional channels, meaning
all forms of community performance between stakeholders to achieve maximum result without the sup-
that has been used for a long time as port of good internal communication
avoid program or activity between WSES perpetrator.
familiar message deliverance to the
local people (see the article in the overlap and to overcome The internal communication requires
other page). coordination between stakeholders to
WSES problems together.
e. Introduced by the opinion leaders avoid program or activity overlap.
within the disadvantage layer of Furthermore, good coordination between
community and request their assis- stakeholders shows attention from all
nism (as the perpetrator of the
tance in communicating the mes- parties in overcoming WSES problems
development) in the development
sage of development. together, so that the result achieved will
process, since the planning phase up
f. Activated participation of change be maximum.
to the evaluation.
agent that comes from the commu- One of the forms of effort to increase
nity itself as the officer of develop- internal communication is the Watsan
The Main Key of WSES Develop-
ment agency that operated in their Network that represents communication
ment
own colleagues. forum between WSES stakeholders in
Other than external communication
g. Created and developed in term of Indonesia (see Percik August edition of
to the wider public, internal communica-
public participation ways or mecha- 2008). DHA
tion is no less important. Lack of internal
4 Percik
October 2008

7. M A I N R E P O RT
Public Media
Media That Was Made By The Public Is Not
The Media that Was Made For The Public
T
he idea arises from the concern of
low community involvedness that
responsible for many damage and
ineffectively used water facilities, not to
mention the experience of the difficulty in
changing sanitation behavior within the
community, while from the local official
side feels that socialization has been done
nonstop, both in the form of counseling
or distribution of leaflets, brochures, etc.
Nevertheless, solving WSES problems
greatly requires multi-element participa-
tion, especially community's to ensure
effectivity and sustainability of infra-
structure management. Other approach
alternatives that do not only rely on the
communication capacity of the govern-
ment, but capacity or power from the Comic, one of the effective communication media for the community. Pic: WASPOLA doc.
community itself is required as one of the
communication potencies of behavior is practicing illegal logging. The change sacrifices (free), etc.
change. from heterogenic forest to homogeny for- That way of thinking cannot be
est of pine trees has caused the decreased ignored and needs to be changed immedi-
Why Public Media? capacity of the catchment area and in the ately. Because if not, water supply provi-
As other kabupaten in Indonesia, Ke- rainy season, such condition has caused sion will become more difficult because of
bumen, one of 29 kabupatens in Central flood, erosion, and landslide in some of various factors such as quality change of
Java, is facing various complex problems the vulnerable area. the water catchment ecosystem area that
in providing water supply for some part Various problems that have been arise resulted in the decreasing debit and
of its citizen. In most part, water supply can actually seen as social problems with ground water supply that has proven to
can be provided quite easily, however in regards to the community who don't be real from the expanding dry area dur-
other part it is very difficult. understand the meaning of forest as ing the drought.
Various efforts have been done to pro- catchment area (therefore they cut down This is more than merely physical
vide water supply in the area with the dif- the trees), don't know the impact of problems' the root of the problem is social
ficulty in developing gravitational piping deforestation on the availability of problems, thus the effort to overcome
water facility, piping facility with pump, ground water, and also the linkage them requires phased behavior changes
shallow well, drilled well, etc. Problems between water availability and their wel- from cognitive aspect (knowledge), affec-
arise because some of the facilities are fare growth. There are many wrong per- tive (feeling/emotion/attitude), and prac-
damaged without community effort to fix ception of the community that mainte- tice (action) of the community.
them. nance, development and repairs of the In order to change the behavior it is
Things are getting more difficult facilities are the responsibility/task of the not possible to only rely on one way com-
because the environmental change in the government. This is worsened by commu- munication power (from the govern-
catchment area. In the catchment area nity perception that water is something ment), but requires a more dialogic
which is a heterogenic forest, community that can be acquired without economical process with the proper method of local
Percik
October 2008 5

8. M A I N R E P O RT
wisdom, moreover concerning something
that has been internalized.
This is where it felt that it is not suffi-
cient to just relying on the existed ways
and channels of communication media to
deliver counseling. Alternative ways are
required for a more developing effort
than just informing and encouraging
everyone to change, but the communica-
tion is only one way where the message
and the design of the media are prepared
by the government.
Public media is believed to be one of
the methods to initiate community par-
ticipation, because in the public media
training, it's not the end result of media
that's matter. Public media relies on dia-
logic interactive process to find solution
among participants, thus internalization
process occurred where the community Community leaders are discussing communication strategies regarding WSES programs.
realized that they themselves are part of Pic: WASPOLA doc.
the problem solution, and move voluntar-
involves no less than 30 participants were are then become the theme and mes-
ily to change behavior and eventually
followed by AMPL-BM Working Group of sage that oriented to the interest of
willing to be involved in it.
Kabupaten Kebumen, officials of the community.
The idea arises during the workshop
Kecamatan Poncowarno, Karang Dig potencies and proper media
of WSES development communication
Sambung, Aliyan, Padureso, and Sadang. around us to be used.
strategy to prepare 11 villages that will
NGOs, community organizations such as Creating joint media production in
receive the WSES program in the year
Tim Penggerak PKK and Karang Taruna, the form of art to be performed,
2008. The term public media is first
art leaders and local mass media such as story to be read, radio show to be
understood as community art, which lat-
Ratih TV, In-FM, and Mass FM. broadcasted or aired.
ter developed into inter-community com-
The focus of the training is to dig Using the method of media group as
munication facility and finally agreed to
together the understanding that WSES action movement initiator of the
be the media that will deliver the voice of
problems are the problems of communi- community.
WSES issues/themes accordingly with
ty, thus requires good communication Action plan and agreement regard-
the local wisdom, made together by
and cooperation from all parties both ing monitoring and evaluation.
WSES stakeholders, using existed poten-
from government and community. The The unique thing about this media
cies such as community are or local radio
role of community is the success key of training is that since the problems are
or television station and in Kebumen
the WSES development sustainability so identified, script writing or production
have become part of the community's
that in the future water supply reserva- was completed by the participants, facili-
lives.
tion will remain and the community will tated by media team from WASPOLA and
eventually able to provide their needs of WSES Working Group.
Phases of Public Media
water supply and sanitation.
Initially, before the training, a prob-
There are several main materials that Applying the Result of the Training
lem mapping is conducted together along
were acquired from the public media The result of the monitoring that has
with data collecting strategic group
training, namely: been done by WASPOLA in May and June
potencies in six kecamatans that will con-
The importance of good communi- of 2008 to six kecamatans shows that
duct the joint training at Kecamatan
cation and cooperation from all par- training participants have used their
Poncowarno. Several names of communi-
ties. communication experience and knowl-
ty leaders and local art leaders or other
WSES problems and priority accord- edge through public media. From the
participants are acquired.
ingly with the requirement which simple questioner filling, the event was
The training on March 2008 that
6 Percik
October 2008

9. M A I N R E P O RT
continued by sharing of experience in has followed up on last June by training housewives acknowledged that they often
applying public media. of WSES comics and posters to Sanggar see the TV commercial and Bupati
The general result of the monitoring Lukis Gombong that consists of teachers Rustriningsih (who currently has been
acquired through the list of questions that and students. In the end of the training appointed as vice governor of Central
were answered by the participants is: they produced two comics and one poster Java) acquired new nickname as 'WSES
Mayor'.
MONITORING RESULT POST PUBLIC MEDIA TRAINING AT KABUPATEN KEBUMEN
No. Item Belum Pernah Pernah Public Media becomes an Inspira-
1s/d 3 kali > 3 kali tion
WSES Working Group of Kabupaten
1 Established contact ad communication between Kebumen has held Public Media training
training participants including with WSES Working Group - 69,2% 30,8% by involving stakeholders in general. The
2 Broadcasting or using WSES socialization media training participants are not just enthusi-
in community meetings - 76,9% 23,1% astic to join the training but to also use it
3 Raising WSES issues in group meetings or activities to build community participation in each
related with daily task in the community 15,4% 61,5% 23,1% of their area.
4 Planning/implementing joint action plan Thus, WSES development plan in the
inter-kecamatan or other related agency 38,8% 69,2% - year 2008 and 2009 has been initiated by
building awareness first, before physical
In the end of monitoring, participants that are ready to be used by the commu- development is implemented.
provided inputs to WSES Working Group nity in WSES socialization. Most of the community has realized
and WASPOLA for following up with the From Ratih TV, information was that even the smallest contribution rom
skill facilitation especially in making acquired that the result of Public Media them is very important for sustainability.
comics and posters because they are training after being revised are finally Awareness has also arises that the women
proven to be effective, cheap and can be being aired every morning. From the have important roles in WSES develop-
taken home. Kabupaten Working Group meeting at Desa Karang Sari, several ment, as a result, one of the follow ups
that has been done last July is workshop
of communication strengthening to
encourage women participation in the
WSES development that has been com-
pleted in nine other kecamatans, includ-
ing experience sharing of the previous
public media.
The result is other kecamatans are
willing to have public media experience in
order for the community to be more
proactive. Local trainer team is being pre-
pared to provide training for other inter-
ested kecamatans. Ex-participants such
as Ratih TV, Mass FM, and Sanggar Lukis
Gombong are ready to help Kabupaten
Working Group as trainers.
Existence of communication with var-
ious parties is expected to be able to cre-
ate conducive climate for WSES develop-
ment, so that in the future participative
development can be realized, sustainabil-
ity and effectivity of the facilities will no
longer be a wishful thinking. Wiwiet He-
ris & Alma Arief
A Junior High School student is making poster for WSES socialization. Pic: WASPOLA doc.
Percik
October 2008 7

10. I N T E R N AT I O N A L S A N I TAT I O N Y E A R C O R N E R
Five Messages
for going to the toilet; (ii) reducing health
cost, thus increasing deposits; (iii)
increasing investment for education.
of Sanitation
Fewer diarrheas mean more children
attendance at school. Girls are more like-
ly to go to school when women-friendly
toilets are available. The overall peak is
increasing quality of human resources.
Loss potencies caused by poor sanita-
tion in Indonesia has reached the number
of Rp. 58 trillion as written in the study
result with the title of Economic Impacts
of Sanitation In Southeast Asia that was
issued by Water and Sanitation Program -
East Asia and the Pacific (WSP-EAP)
World Bank East Asia and the Pacific
Region in November edition of 2007.
The large number of loss is equal to
2.3 percent of Brute Domestic Product
(BDP) or approximately Rp. 240 thou-
sand per capita per year. The detail of loss
potencies are as followed: health cost Rp
31 trillion, decreased water quality Rp.
13.5 trillion, decreased environmental
quality Rp 1 trillion, social welfare Rp 11
trillion, and tourism Rp 1.5 trillion.
Message 3: Sanitation encour-
Good sanitation will affect health and growth of children. Pic: Special ages social development
Proper sanitation will bring up confi-
T
he year 2008 has been estab- caused of children's mortality. Hygiene dence for not having to defecate openly;
lished by the UN as International practices such as washing hands using the case is especially occurred among the
Sanitation Year. For that reason, the soap after defecation and before every women.
the UN is campaigning Five Messages of meal can reduce the event of ISPA by half.
Sanitation as part of the effort to appoint Message 4: Sanitation protects
proper attention for sanitation. Message 2: Sanitation has eco- environment
nomical value to the country, com- Especially in dense area, improper
Message 1: Sanitation improves munity and family sanitation will caused pollution of ground
the degree of health and saves lives Poor sanitation hinders national water, surface water/river, lake, and
Everyday, diarrhea caused by poor development through the decreased pro- other water sources. Eventually, babies
sanitation has been responsible for the ductivity of the worker, decreased num- and children will catch diarrhea.
death of 5.000 babies and children all ber of life expectancy, decreased invest-
around the world. The availability of ment and deposits, and decreased ability Message 5: Together we can do it
healthy toilet can reduce babies and chil- to provide education for the children. Now is the time to act. Households,
dren death caused by diarrhea by more Devent sanitation will improve the community, local and national govern-
than 30 percent; washing hands can economic condition through various ways ments, public, and private companies
reduce it by 40 percent. Acute Res- of (i) saving time. We are loosing time need to work together. Public media and
piration Infection (Infeksi Saluran when we are sick, watching and taking opinion can affect decision makers to take
Pernapasan Akut - ISPA) is one of the top care of those who are sick, and taking line immediate action. OM
08 Percik
October 2008

11. R E G U L AT I O N
Public Work Minister Regulation
No 20/PRT/M/2006 on National Policy
and Strategy of Water Supply System
Development (KSNP-SPAM)
S
ince the early 1979 until date, water democratic Indonesia. desirable condition by capability of the
supply especially in terms of the Managing efficient, effective, and government especially in term of funding.
piping has been built and devel- productive infrastructure in order to Formulation of Objective and Target
oped using various approaches such as achieve a more prosperous Indonesia. of Policy and Strategy of SPAM develop-
sectoral or synergy and area (urban and Meanwhile, in order to accelerate ment which latter on refers to the existed
rural) approach. service of water supply, sanitation, and law and based on strategic issues and cur-
At first, water supply system develop- solid waste, and in order to achieve tar- rent problems, while considering
ment is completed mainly by the central gets of MDG (Millennium Development International and National Declaration.
government, however, with decentraliza- Goals) by considering availability condi- KSNP SPAM needs to be agreed
tion implementation and domestic politi- tion of WSES availability which is still together by all stakeholders of SPAM
cal and social development, water supply very limited, policy and strategy in water both in central and local level. The con-
system management (sistem penyediaan supply sector is required to achieve com- sensus needs to be established with relat-
air minum - SPAM) has become the munity welfare by guarantying main ed sector, and cross-department, involv-
responsibility of the local government. requirements of water that comply with ing government, community and busi-
With the establishment of Law No 32 the standards of quality, quantity, and ness world. For that reason, public work
Year 2004 on Local Governance, the continuity. minister has issued Public Work Minister
responsibility is confirmed. In the imple- In order to achieve the above objec- Regulation No 20/PRT/M/2006 on
mentation, Central Government may tives and following up the mandate of National Policy and Strategy of Water
facilitate/help to develop SPAM especial- Government Regulation No 16 Year 2005 Supply System Development (KSNP-
ly in the safeguard of national targets regarding Water Supply System SPAM)
achievement and implementation control Development, National Policy and
in realizing minimum service standard Strategy of Water Supply System Objective and Purpose
(standar pelayanan minimal). Development is required to be used as National Policy and Strategy of SPAM
Along with the law regarding water reference for SPAM development man- Development (KSNP-SPAM) is meant to
supply development, the government has agers/perpetrators in national and local be guidance in formulating technical pol-
established Plan and Strategy for the year level by considering: icy, planning, programming, and activity
2005-2009 with the following purpose: Desire to improve current water sup- implementation related to the SPAM
Providing access to everyone within ply condition of Indonesia, accordingly development in urban and rural, within
the country and handling emergency with the desired targets and conditions of the area of Department, Non-Department
service to provide minimum standard for SPAM development, from aspects of tech- Governmental Agency, Local Govern-
the people in carrying out social economy nical, management, financial, or legal. ment, or to community and the business
life, in order to achieve safe and peaceful Targets achievement effort through world.
Indonesia. Formulation of Objective and Targets of National Policy and Strategy of SPAM
Managing infrastructure transpar- National Policy and Strategy of SPAM development (piping network system or
ently and openly by involving communi- development which is the result of moni- non-piping network system) or KSNP-
ty, increasing the role of Local toring and evaluation of achievement tar- SPAM as meant above, has the purpose of
Government in order to achieve fair and get, which is an adjustment from the supporting national target achievement
Percik
October 2008 9

12. R E G U L AT I O N
of SPAM development through planning, b. Optimizing system by decreasing
programming, and implementation of unaccounted capacity until less
SPAM development
integrated, efficient and effective activi- than 10 percent.
ties.
policy and strategy c. Service expansion until reaching
are formulated by economical scale.
Vision and Mission answering strategic For the area outside the SPAM service
The above objective and purpose are issues and coverage:
incorporated in Section 1 (verse 1) of problems of SPAM 1. New physical development of SPAM
Public Work Minister Regulation No for medium/small cities (IKK) pri-
development.
20/PRT/M/2006; while (verse 2) oritizing:
explains the vision and mission of the a. Capital kecamatan without sys-
water supply system development and tem
development targets which were also
strategic issues. b. Capital of developing Kabu-
directed to accomplish MDG's targets,
Vision of the water supply system paten/kota
both short-term in the year 2009 and
development is to achieve healthy and c. Village/area who is experiencing
long-term in the year 2015.
prosperous community condition in the lack of water, border area, co-
One of the policy directives as men-
future, both urban and rural citizen, will astal area, remote islands.
tion above is increasing water supply co-
greatly need sustainable proper water 2. Physical assistance of SPAM devel-
verage and quality for all people of
supply. opment through service expansion
Indonesia. The policy is directed to
Water supply as the source of human from the neighbor area which
increase service coverage and quality con-
life needs to be managed in a way to be already served by SPAM.
sistently and segmented, decrease the
able to provide health and prosperity for 3. Physical assistance of SPAM devel-
level of unaccounted water through
all people of Indonesia without exception. opment for Low Income Community
repairs and rehabilitation as well as prior-
Urban and rural areas in the future are in RSH area.
itizing development for low income com-
required to be able to guarantee heath
munity.Whereas the strategy, is to devel-
and welfare of the people through qualify Closure
op SPAM in term of providing the
water supply. The effort to achieve the By completion of National Policy and
demand of minimum service especially
vision needs to be done, with the mission Strategy of Water Supply System
for low income community that was com-
of improving the extent and quality of Development (SPAM), all of the agreed
pleted in phase in each province.
water supply service, improving manage- policies will be referred to within the
The strategy is completed through the
rial and institutional capacity of SPAM overall activities relating with SPAM
following action plans:
management with the principle of good development.
For the area within the SPAM service
and corporate governance, funding mobi- This National Policy and Strategy of
coverage:
lization from various sources to develop SPAM development has a general nature
1. Facilitation assistance of service
water supply system, law enforcement so that in the implementation, a more
expansion through capacity addition
and preparing regulations to improve operational translation from the related
and network development for
SPAM management, guarantee sustain- parties is required. Adoption and adapta-
healthy PDAMs.
able qualify raw water availability, and tion of National Policy and Strategy of
2. Technical assistance/facilitation
community empowerment, with active SPAM Development will be different in
program of SPAM management with
role of the business world in SPAM man- each area, depends on characteristics and
the pattern of Private Government
agement. problems that are faced by each area.
Cooperation (Kerjasama Pemerin-
The National Policy and Strategy of
tah Swasta - KPS) especially in
Policy and Strategy SPAM Development required to be fur-
metro and big cities or in new hous-
Policy and strategy of SPAM develop- ther described by each related technical
ing area.
ment are formulated by answering strate- agencies as guidance in the policy opera-
3. Assistance of PDAM Improvement
gic issues and problems of SPAM deve- tion within the SPAM development. This
Program through:
lopment. Based on policy groups that has is arranged in Section 2 and 3 of the
a. Service expansion for less
been formulated, policy directive was Public Work Minister Regulation. BW
healthy PDAM to increase re-
decided as the base to achieve SPAM
venue.
10 Percik
October 2008

13. INSIGHT
CLEAN WATER, SANITATION,
AND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
Disaster Handling/Management which During emergency response
By: Avianto Amri accommodates government responsibili- time, the people, especially children, will
Disaster Risk Reduction Specialist ty to pay heed to the spatial development be highly prone to the disease within the
Plan Indonesia accordingly with the risk review and condition of not having access to the
sanction application for any violation. clean water and sanitation. The standards
Indonesia, despite the abundant natu- Various efforts can be done in that have received international recogni-
ral potencies, is one of the countries in order to ensure that the water supply and tion for emergency response time are
the world which is most likely to have dis- sanitation facilities are disaster risk accommodated in a document called
aster. Our country is located between "proof". In India and Bangladesh, coun- Sphere (http://www.sphereproject.org).
three tectonic plates that put it in high tries with high risk of flood, community Within the Sphere document, beside
risk of earthquake, have 129 active volca- heightened the edges of their well so that standards of clean water, sanitation and
noes, have wet climate that means high flood's overflow will not contaminate health promotion, there are also other
risk of flood and landslide. In the year ground water and the water supply. In standards in the sectors of food aid,
2007, 14 out of 33 provinces in Indonesia many countries of Africa, farmer commu- health, and settlements.
experienced flash flood that caused thou- nity builds dams and plants conservation Several examples of key indicators for
sands of people evacuate. Indonesia is plants/crops to guarantee water supply Water Supply and Sanitation sector are:
also of high risk on forest fire caused by during the drought. Proper usage of 15 liter of clean water per person per
human or natural causes. ground water can also maintain sustain- day.
Disaster is serious intrusion of able ground water supply for the possibil- The distance from settlement to the
the functioning community that caused ity of drought or ground water contami- location of clean water is maximum
major loss to environment, material and nation because of the flood. 500 meters, 250 gr of soap for per-
human, that exceeded capability of the One of examples from the efforts sonal hygiene per person per month.
exposed community to overcome it by of Disaster Risk Reduction is the effort of There is one toilet for maximum
using only their own resources. the Red Cross in Vietnam to plant man- number of 20 people.
From this definition, we can see grove in eight provinces of Vietnam in The toilet is within 50 meter distant
that disaster has three factors, namely order to provide protection for the coastal from the settlement.
intrusion, major loss, and exceeding community from storm and hurricane. Users (especially children and
capability of the exposed community. This effort required the fund of US$ 0.13 women) were involved within the
Without the three factors, an event million every year from the year 1994 to design construction.
wouldn't be called a disaster. 2001 but t was able to reduce yearly cost Development that took notice on dis-
Therefore, reconsidering that to fix the dam which usually requires US$ aster risk rules is very important and rep-
our country is located in a high disaster 7.1 million. The program can also saves resents responsibility that has become
risk area, the overall development must lives and secure as well as improve jobs of joint responsibility. Government, com-
considers rules of disaster risk according- the local people. munity, private sector, academician,
ly with its local context. Disaster impacts For the people in high risk areas, NGO, and other parties have joint
can be prevented by conducting careful water supply and existence of sanitation responsibility in creating community who
planning, by previously conducting risk facilities hold vital role in reducing is prepared, ready, and resistance to the
review by looking at historical data impacts of the disaster. Disasters, espe- risk of disaster. Common understanding
regarding what happened previously and cially flood and tsunami may contami- and cooperation of all parties are the suc-
by implementing the development nate water supply facilities, while earth- cess key factor of the effort of disaster risk
accordingly with the plan. This is in quake and landslide may damage the reduction.
accordance with Law No 24 Year 2007 on facilities.
Percik
October 2008 11

14. INSIGHT
Community Based Landfill
Monitoring
L
andslide disaster at Leuwigajah By: Benno Rahardyan echnical data was measured in 12 differ-
landfill in the year 2005 that took ent points.
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty of ITB
human lives has encouraged bet-
ter solid waste management. Various Sanitation Monitoring
efforts have been done by various parties in the year 2007, until finally the commu- The monitored sanitation problems
to ensure that the same disaster will not nity agrees with the program. The com- based on fly index were collected from
happen again. One of the efforts is munity that was involved within the mon- three fly counting devices. The monitored
Community Based Landfill Monitoring itoring activity was given a short training water qualities are pH, electrical conduct-
(CBLM) that represents a cooperation regarding activity description, purpose ing capacity, and water temperature. For
program initiated by EU-Asia Pro Eco II. gas emission, the measured parameters
The academicals cooperation involves are CH4, CO2, O2, and CO.
Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), The monitored weather condition
BOKU-University Vienna Austria, The people of Cilimus and included rainfall, air temperature and
Institute of Waste Management, and TU Pojok Villages are responding daily humidity. The training that was
Braunsschweig Germany, Department of completed in the education framework
by saying that they have
Waste Management. Moreover, the pro- for the people of Pojok and Cirendeu
gram also involves the government of
better depiction of Kampongs are computer and internet
Indonesia through Environmental environmental condition training and water measurement device
Control Agency (Badan Pengendalian within the landfill area. operation training that was socialized
Lingkungan Hidup - BPLHD) of West through the site media of www.cblm-
Java and community self-supporting leuwigajah.org. The media can be
agency in Kota Bandung, to be precise is accessed by the related team and public
Katur Nagari. in general including from other country.
From the Leuwigajah event, an idea of and training to operate monitoring The people of Cilimus and Pojok
developing a community-based monitor- devices, register daily data until evalua- Villages are responding by saying that the
ing model was initiated to be implement- tion at the end of the activity. community has better depiction of the
ed at landfill location of Leuwigajah with Monitoring location of Leuwigajah environmental condition within the land-
cooperation period from February 2006 landfill among others are around fill area. This definitely helps to reduce
to December 2008. Monitoring is com- Cirendeu and Pojok Kampongs. Water concern that was caused by not knowing
pleted by ITB and local community where quality monitors are located at Cirendeu the situation, especially regarding danger
the data will be published by BPLHD. location and downstream area within the potencies within the landfill area.
The background of the program is the Pojok Village. Water monitoring was also Indirect impacts of the CBLM among
problem of improper management of done for wells at the downstream area others are: community empowerment as
solid waste disposal in Asia. The target of and water from the jet pump in the mid- landfill operational supports, developing
the community being protected is com- dle of the river which is still included anticipation and prevention of improper
munity living surrounding the landfill within the area of Pojok Village. landfill management. Whereas for the
and connected directly to the landfill and Moreover, air monitoring was also involved stakeholders, the program rep-
the identified risks such as gas, water done in 15 different points, however until resents improvement model for better
contamination, landfill, and sanitation date, there are only two monitoring communication system. The result of
problem. devices left, because most of monitoring field monitoring and the complete report
Prior to the program activity, a meet- points were taken by scavengers. For of the activity can be accessed through the
ing with local community has been done landslide potencies of the landfill, geot- site mentioned above.
12 Percik
October 2008

15. INSIGHT
dren to use the toilet), may reduce diar-
rhea incident by 42-47 percent. Other
review by Rabie and Curtis (2005) stated
that CTPS practice can also reduce ISPA
transmission to more than 30 percent,
even in environmental condition with
high feces contamination and poor sani-
tation.
Other review found that children
under five years of age who are living in
home with CTPS practice intervention
have 53 percent lower diarrhea incidents
compare to those who are living at control
area of Pakistan (Luby 2004). UNICEF
even found that CTPS can reduce 50 per-
cent incidents of Avian Influenza. These
are the reason that put CTPS practice as
an effective way of preventing various
contagious diseases.
CTPS practice has proven scientifical-
ly to be an effective way to prevent diar-
rhea when it is done properly on the right
moment. CTPS initiative encourages
Directorate General of P2 & PL of the Health Department I Nyoman Kandun and Directorate General
of Cipta Karya of Public Work Budi Yuwono together with the elementary school students cooperation and combines various
are practicing CTPS. Pic: Special. resources and capacities from various
sectors including government, soap pro-
World's ducer, NGO, and media. They have estab-
lished Government-Private Partnership
for Handwashing with soap (KPS-CTPS).
Handwashing
National campaign of CTPS in
Indonesia has adopted KPS-CTPS mecha-
nism in order to accelerate message deliv-
erance to all people. Health Department
With Soap Day of the Republic of Indonesia as the leader
in this partnership is always encouraging
participation from various parties to sup-
port the campaign. It was realized that,
D
iarrhea is a global problem and million. In Indonesia, National Health although prevention intervention has
found in developing countries Survey in the year 2001 put diarrhea on been done by various parties since a long
with poor sanitation, lack of the second highest position of the most time, CTPS practice of the community
water supply, poverty and low education. dangerous diseases for toddlers after within their daily lives are still consider-
Diarrhea incident is varied in different Acute Respiratory Infection (ISPA). ably low.
area, season, and endemic periods such According to the same survey in the year Message deliverance needs to be done
as cholera peculiar event. 1995, diarrhea was considered to be less in a sustainable way by actively involving
Generally, the highest incident occurs dangerous compared to ISPA and post- community in order to encourage self-
in the first two years of children's age and birth syndrome. will to continue the practice.
gradually decreasing by the increasing of Scientific review by Curtis and This article will introduce CTPS activ-
age. For toddlers, it was reported that Cairncross (2003) suggested that the ity with global resonation to trigger high-
approximately four billion acute diarrhea practice of handwashing with soap er community awareness, and support
cases are occurred each year all over the (CTPS) especially after contact with feces from the government to create possible
world, with mortality numbers of two (after using the toilet and helping chil- condition for implementation within the
Percik
October 2008 13

16. INSIGHT
community. This refers to World's The first HCTPS event in the year ticipated countries, creating creativity,
Handwashing with Soap Day (HCTPS) 2008 is expected to be able to create plat- encourage positive competition between
and its implementation in Indonesia. form of establishment of HCTPS coalition participated countries, and making
that work together for yearly HCTPS HCTPS as one fun day.
The Purpose of World's Hand- event, as well as to continuously support The main target groups of HCTPS this
washing with Soap Day the effort to improve community aware- year are journalists/media, education
General Assembly of the United ness with regard to CTPS practice, both in community; teacher, officials of educa-
Nation established the year 2008 as local and global level. tion department, decision makers, and
International Sanitation Year and called HCTPS implementation is also school student. Other than that, other
upon the importance of increasing expected to be able to inspire commit- community component such as academi-
hygiene and sanitation practices all over ment growth from various countries with cian, religious leaders, celebrity, women
the world. HCTPS activity represents regard to CTPS program. In short, the group, are groups that can support future
realization of the call. It was decided to main two points of HCTPS are awareness activity.
jointly initiate the activity on October raising and the need of advocacy.
15th 2008. The focus of HCTPS in the year 2008 Participation of the Government
In the global level, HCTPS was intro- is school student as "changing agent" and Other Stakeholders
duced by The Public-Private Partnership although it doesn't mean that it will only Every area may choose partner to
for Handwashing with Soap (PPP- involve school student. This year's cooperate with in order to ensure the suc-
HWWS), an international partnership HCTPS put forward symbolization of the cess of the HCTPS, accordingly with their
coalition which comprise of UNICEF, joint between the overall components of own policies. On the national level,
USAID, WSSCC, LSTM, Centers for family, settlement, and community in cel- Health Department of the Republic of
Disease Control and Prevention, JHU, ebrating commitment toward a better Indonesia, through Government-Private
Water and Sanitation Program, Care change in healthy behavior through Partnership for Handwashing with Soap
International, Unilever and Procter & CTPS. is committed to:
Gamble. To persuade involvedness of various Identify the main stakeholders of the
The activity will become a yearly rou- layers of community and government, organization in relation with chil-
tine and involve many countries. 2008 is HCTPS 2008 provides record breaking dren health and CTPS program, both
the first implementation year and will challenge of "the most number of school from government and private who
designate Indonesia as one of twenty students who wash their hands with soap showed interest to be involved in
countries in the world that jointly prac- in the same day on 20 different coun- HCTPS.
tice handwashing with soap on October tries". The purpose of the challenge is to Invite stakeholders to introduce
15th. The countries being referred to are create key activities variation for all par- HCTPS and establish joint agree-
China, Indonesia, India, Bangladesh,
Vietnam, Pakistan, and Philippine in
Asia; Madagascar, South Africa, Uganda,
Kenya, Egypt, Mali, and Ethiopia in
Africa; Colombia, Peru, Nicaragua, and
Mexico in Latin America; and other coun-
tries such as United State and Great
Britain.
For the long term, HCTPS is expected
to support awareness improvement
regarding the importance of CTPS prac-
tice, especially awareness with regard to
the positive and benefit sides of CTPS.
Moreover, it is expected to be able to
encourage and create advocacy within the
decision makers, as well as to gather com-
mitment from various stakeholders in
order to create the environment that sup-
port improvement of CTPS practice. Together, elementary school students are practicing CTPS to make clean and healthy life as a habit.
Pic: Bowo Leksono
14 Percik
Oktober 2008

17. INSIGHT
ment in supporting the HCTPS. tioned above and will be lead direct- such as the picture of a child practic-
Work together with the above part- ly from Jakarta. Therefore, coordi- ing CTPS.
ners to decide special activity/chal- nation is vital between central and 10. Private sector involvedness. In order
lenge, the target group, as well as local committee. Detailing of the to support HCTPS, it is also possible
location to be promoted during activity will be done when to involve soap factories, restau-
2008 HCTPS. kota/kabupaten confirmed their rants, hospitals, and other compa-
Share information with HCTPS participation. nies with commitment toward chil-
managers on global level regarding 2. One day/half a day seminar regard- dren health.
HCTPS in Indonesia. ing CTPS followed by discussion 11. Identification of the possibilities on
Provincial and local (kota/kabupaten) regarding examples of good cases manufacturing 2008 HCTPS special
governments are expected to be able to and bad cases with the focus on stamp.
duplicate the event within their jurisdic- school. 12. Participation on WASH Media
tion. For the interest of HCTPS national 3. Media-targeting activity by present- Award that was awarded to the
data compilation and activity improve- ing well-known speakers, celebrity, media in developing countries that
ment for the coming years, agenda and government officials, or visit to have successfully raised hygiene and
information regarding the activity on school with superiority in infrastruc- sanitation issues on their media.
local level can be presented to the ture sector and CTPS practices with 13. Cooperation with soap factories, by
Directorate General of Contagious news value to be broadcasted by the providing questions on the soap
Disease and Environmental Improve- media. wrap that can be answered and sent
ment (Ditjen PP-PL). Information can be 4. Establishing Handwashing Ambas- in order to win some prizes from the
sent to the Director of Environmental sador by appointing someone that is Committee. The prize should relate
Improvement Wan Alkadri, at Jl. Per- well-known by community and can with the effort of making CTPS prac-
cetakan Negara 20, Salemba, Jakarta be an idol for children to encourage tice as a habit for school student.
Pusat 10560. CTPS practice in their daily lives. In short, every HCTPS participated
The ambassador can be celebrity, countries have authority to decide num-
Location of 2008 HCTPS Event athlete, movie star, political leaders, bers of school or school students to be
Activity on local level can be held at etc. involved. Local government and other
public places that are accessible for the 5. Establishing HCTPS Yearly Com- interested stakeholders can work togeth-
people, especially school students. Open mittee to better manage coordina- er with environmental improvement pro-
fields of kabupaten/kota, public parks, tion and sustainability for the com- grams of Directorate General of PP-PL
open fields of neighborhood/community, ing year. such as WSSLIC, PAMSIMAS, CWSH,
camping grounds, pesantren/mosque's 6. School based competition. Popular NGO, etc.
yards are perfect examples of HCTPS activities among children such as For sponsorship opportunity or other
launching locations. CTPS jingle song competition, letter cooperation opportunity, please coordi-
Due to the HCTPS event on school day writing competition that inspire nate with Government-Private Coo-
(Wednesday, October 15th), it is expected obedience for CTPS practices, CTPS peration for Handwashing with Soap
that the event can involve as many school poetry competition. through Directorate General of Disease
community (such as students, teacher, 7. Competition of CTPS facility design. Control and Environmental Impro-
parents, and parents organization, Can be held in different categories vement, Sub Directorate of Water Im-
Moslem leaders, as well as education such as school students of STM, provement. Email can also be sent to
leaders) as possible. This needs to be well engineer category, art category for adelinahutauruk@yahoo.com or irafi-
communicated first with the school party art major student, and teacher cate- qah@worldbank.org, or call to (021) 424
through assistance of local Education gory. 7608 ext 208 or Cell phone
Agency. 8. Radio campaign. Celebrity inter- 0816.936.086.
view, school student debate, or Join us to save the lives of the chil-
Activity Options for 2008 HCTPS interview of teacher and local go- dren (toddlers) in Indonesia.
1. HCTPS launching. HCTPS launch- vernment. I Rafiqah
KPS-CTPS Coordinator
ing will be held at the same time on 9. Picture competition with focus on Directorate General of PP-PL of Health
minimum of six provinces as men- school students and their school, Department of the Republic of Indonesia.
Percik
October 2008 15