4. There is a larger proportion of young men with low
qualifications compared to young women Chart 1.2
Percentage of younger adults (25-34 year-olds) with attainment below upper secondary education, by gender (2013)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Portugal
Spain
Brazil
Denmark
Latvia
Estonia
Italy
Iceland
Greece
Colombia
Australia
Norway
Luxembourg
Israel
Netherlands
Belgium
Ireland
Finland
OECDaverage
Canada
UnitedStates
France
Slovenia
Poland
RussianFederation
Sweden
NewZealand
Chile
UnitedKingdom
Hungary
Germany
CzechRepublic
Korea
SlovakRepublic
Mexico
Switzerland
Austria
Turkey
Men Women%
5. The proportion of younger adults with tertiary education
increased in all countries between 2000 and 2013
On average across OECD countries, the percentage of younger
adults (25-34 year-olds) with tertiary education increased by 14
percentage points between 2000 and 2013.
6
6. The proportion of younger adults with tertiary education
increased in all countries between 2000 and 2013 Chart 1.4
Percentage of younger adults (25-34 year-olds) with tertiary education (2000 and 2013)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Korea
Poland
Luxembourg
Latvia
Ireland
UnitedKingdom
SlovakRepublic
Slovenia
CzechRepublic
Switzerland
Portugal
Hungary
Netherlands
Australia
OECDaverage
Turkey
Greece
France
Italy
Estonia
Denmark
Norway
NewZealand
Sweden
Austria
Japan
Iceland
Canada
Mexico
Spain
UnitedStates
Belgium
Germany
Finland
2000 2013%
7. Employment rates increase with education in all countries
On average across OECD countries the employment rate of
25-64 year-olds without an upper secondary qualification
was 55%, and 83% for those with a tertiary education.
8
8. Employment rates increase with education in all
countries Chart 2.1
Employment rates among adults (25-64 year-olds) by educational attainment (2013)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Greece
Spain
Turkey
Korea
Italy
SlovakRepublic
Mexico
Ireland
Hungary
Portugal
UnitedStates
Japan
Canada
RussianFederation
OECDaverage
Estonia
Australia
Colombia
Slovenia
Finland
Belgium
Chile
France
UnitedKingdom
Poland
Luxembourg
CzechRepublic
Brazil
Israel
Latvia
NewZealand
Denmark
Austria
Germany
Netherlands
Switzerland
Sweden
Norway
Iceland
Tertiary education Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary Below upper secondary%
9. More tertiary educated young men are employed…
…but more women have tertiary credentials
On average across OECD countries there is a gender gap in employment
even for tertiary educated young adults: 87% of tertiary-educated men
are employed versus 78% of tertiary educated women.
10
10. More tertiary educated young men are employed but
more women have tertiary credentials Chart 2.2
Employment rates among young adults (25-34 year-olds) with tertiary education, by gender (2013)
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Greece
Italy
Korea
Turkey
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
Spain
Estonia
Hungary
Mexico
Japan
Portugal
Finland
OECD average
Australia
United States
New Zealand
Colombia
Poland
Slovenia
Ireland
Chile
Iceland
Canada
United Kingdom
Latvia
Israel
Luxembourg
Denmark
Austria
France
Germany
Sweden
Switzerland
Belgium
Brazil
Norway
Netherlands
Russian Federation
Employment Women Men
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Greece
Italy
Korea
Turkey
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
Spain
Estonia
Hungary
Mexico
Japan
Portugal
Finland
OECD average
Australia
United States
New Zealand
Colombia
Poland
Slovenia
Ireland
Chile
Iceland
Canada
United Kingdom
Latvia
Israel
Luxembourg
Denmark
Austria
France
Germany
Sweden
Switzerland
Belgium
Brazil
Norway
Netherlands
Russian Federation
Tertiary education attainment
11. The gender gap widens among young adults
with low qualification
Across OECD countries, the gender gap is larger for young
adults without an upper secondary education compared
with young adults with a tertiary qualification: 67% of
young men and 43% of young women without upper
secondary education are employed.
12
12. The gender gap widens among young adults with
low qualifications Chart 2.3
Employment rates among young adults (25-34 year-olds) with attainment below upper secondary education, by gender (2013)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Portugal
Spain
Norway
Switzerland
SlovakRepublic
Ireland
Korea
RussianFederation
Netherlands
Austria
Iceland
Belgium
Denmark
Germany
Latvia
Greece
Finland
OECDaverage
Hungary
CzechRepublic
Canada
Luxembourg
France
Estonia
Australia
UnitedKingdom
Poland
Sweden
Italy
UnitedStates
NewZealand
Brazil
Slovenia
Chile
Israel
Colombia
Mexico
Turkey
%
Women Men
13. Higher employment rates for vocational qualifications
among upper secondary education
Across OECD countries, among 25-64 year-olds with upper
secondary education as highest level of education the
employment rate of adults with vocational qualifications
was 75% on average, while it was 69% on average for those
with general qualifications.
In Denmark and Germany employment rate for adults with
a vocational upper secondary education is 15 percentage
points or more above the employment rate for adults with
a general upper secondary education.
14
14. Higher employment rates for vocational
qualifications among upper secondary education Chart 2.4
Employment rates among adults (25-64 year-olds) with upper secondary education as highest level of education attained,
by type of programme (2013)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Greece
Spain
Turkey
Ireland
Hungary
Slovenia
SlovakRepublic
Luxembourg
Latvia
Italy
France
Finland
Chile
Estonia
OECDaverage
Belgium
CzechRepublic
RussianFederation
Austria
Netherlands
Israel
Canada
Denmark
Germany
Australia
Switzerland
NewZealand
Sweden
Iceland
%
Vocational General
15. Almost one in five 20-24 year-olds is NEET
Among the 20-24 year-olds, about 55% were not in education of
which 36% were employed, 10% unemployed and 9% not
looking for a job. So, about 19% can be seen as NEET (people
neither employed nor in education or training).
16
16. Almost one in five 20-24 year-olds is NEET Chart 3.1
Distribution of 20-24 year-olds not in education, by work status (2013)
49 47
54
33
46
52
43 45
49
26
45 44
35
30
46
37
33
42
33 35 36 34
21
33
19
29
36 34
28
37 36
32
26
19
22
11
5
7
9
10
5
7
6
4
17
5 6
4 13
5
11
14
7
16 13 10
11
25
8
26
16
8
8
12
4 4
5
5
10 6
15
20
12
27
9 6
12 10 7
17
9 7
19 13
5
8 8 5 5 6 9
7
8
8
7 6 6
8
8 6
6
0
8
4
2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Colombia
Mexico
Israel
Turkey
UnitedKingdom
Austria
UnitedStates
NewZealand
Norway
Italy
Australia
Canada
Korea
Hungary
Switzerland
Belgium
Ireland
Sweden
SlovakRepublic
France
OECDaverage
Latvia
Spain
Estonia
Greece
Portugal
CzechRepublic
Finland
Poland
Germany
Netherlands
Iceland
Denmark
Slovenia
Luxembourg
Employed Unemployed Inactive
%
17. Find out more about our work at:
www.oecd.org/edu/eag.htm
www.oecd.org/edu/eag-interim-report.htm
- The publication
- The methodologies
- The complete database
Email: Andreas.Schleicher@OECD.org
Twitter: SchleicherEDU
and remember:
Without data, you are just another person with an opinion
Thank you
Editor's Notes
Chart 1.1
Note: Data for Japan are not displayed because disaggregation between below upper secondary education and upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary level is not available.
Data for the Russian Federation refer to 2012.
Data for Chile refer to 2011.
Countries are ranked in ascending order of the proportion of 25-34 year-olds with attainment below upper secondary education.
Source: OECD. Table 1.4. See Annex for notes (www.oecd.org/edu.eag.htm).
Chart 1.2
Note: Data for Japan are not displayed because disaggregation between below upper secondary education and upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary level is not available.
Data for the Russian Federation refer to 2012.
Data for Chile refer to 2011.
Countries are ranked in descending order of the difference in the proportion of 25-34 year-old men with attainment below upper secondary education and the proportion of 25-34 year-old women with attainment below upper secondary education.
Source: OECD. Table 1.4. See Annex for notes (www.oecd.org/edu.eag.htm).
Chart 1.4
Note: Data for Brazil, Columbia, Israel and the Russian Federation are not presented in this chart because data were not available for year 2000.
Countries are ranked in descending order of the difference in the proportion of tertiary educated 25-34 year-olds in the year 2013 and the proportion of tertiary educated 25-34 year-olds in the year 2000.
Source: OECD. Table 1.4. See Annex for notes (www.oecd.org/edu.eag.htm).
Chart 2.1
Note: Data for below upper secondary education are not available for Japan.
Data for the Russian Federation refer to 2012.
Data for Chile refer to 2011.
Countries are ranked in ascending order of the employment rates of 25-64 year-olds with tertiary qualifications.
Source: OECD. Table 2.2. See Annex for notes (www.oecd.org/edu.eag.htm).
Chart 2.2
Note: Data for the Russian Federation refer to 2012.
Data for Chile refer to 2011.
Countries are ranked in descending order of employment rates of 25-34 year-old women with tertiary qualifications.
Source: OECD. Tables 1.3 and 2.2. See Annex for notes (www.oecd.org/edu.eag.htm).
Chart 2.3
Note: Data for below upper secondary education are not available for Japan.
Data for the Russian Federation refer to 2012.
Data for Chile refer to 2011.
Countries are ranked in descending order of the difference in the proportion of the employed 25-34 year-old men with attainment below upper secondary education the proportion of the employed 25-34 year-old women with attainment below upper secondary education.
Source: OECD. Table 2.2. See Annex for notes (www.oecd.org/edu.eag.htm).
Chart 2.4
Note: Disaggregated information on vocational and general programmes is not available and it is therefore not displayed for the following countries: Brazil, Colombia, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Data for the Russian Federation refer to 2012.
Data for Chile refer to 2011.
Countries are ranked in ascending order of the proportion of employed adults with an upper secondary education with vocational orientation as highest level of attainment.
Source: OECD. Table 2.5. See Annex for notes (www.oecd.org/edu.eag.htm).
Chart 3.1
Note: Data for 20-24 year-olds are not available for Japan.
Countries are ranked in ascending order of the proportion of 20-24 year-olds in education.Source: OECD. Table 3.3. See Annex for notes (www.oecd.org/edu.eag.htm).