Nanosprings

Nanospring
Nanofabrication
Presented by: Mehdi Soleymani Goloujeh & Saeede Najafi
Supervisor: Dr. Ab.Akbarzadeh
Medical Nanotechnology Department
Saeede Najafi – Mehdi Soleymani
Tabriz University Of Medical Sciences
April 2014
1
A high surface area material with
tunable surface chemistry

Nanosprings Layout
2
Presentation Layout:
Introduction
Fabrication
Applications
Conclusions
Fullerene
S.Najafi - M.Soleymani

Nanosprings IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn
3

IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn
The first publication on the synthesis of boron carbide nanosprings reported a yield of less
than 10%, and similar yields were reported for SiO2 and SiC nanosprings.
The existence of helically coiled carbon nanotubes was first predicted by Ihara et al. and
Dunlap in the early nineties and a few years later a Belgian research group reported their
experimental observation .
4
Nanosprings
Theoretical studies in the early 1990s resulted in the establishment of a geometrical model
of CNCs.
Nanospring structures have been synthesized on certain substrates, such as silicon carbide,
boron carbide, silicon dioxide, and zinc oxide, geraphite.

Nanosprings IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn
5
One-dimensional nanostructure
Simple definition: A nanowire wrapped to a helix
Helical nanosprings represent a new variety among
the family of one-dimensional nanostructure, A
nanospring (coiled spring on the nanometer scale)
is a typical example of a nanostructure with a
complex shape; nanosprings could potentially serve
as functional parts of nanomachines, nanosensors,
nanoinductors, and photonic metamaterials.

Coiled tube with its projection (left) showing d) helix diameter and
6
p) coil pitch.
Nanosprings

7
Nanosprings

Crazy surface area – Up to 10,000 times the surface when
compared to its root
8
Nanosprings
Coatings supply versatility
Cheap and easy to grow

9
Nanosprings
♦ Low growth temperature (<350°C)
♦ Atmospheric pressure process
♦ 3-300 microns thick
♦ Hydrophilic or Super-hydrophobic
♦ 100% accessible surface area (300 m²/g)
♦ Easy to functionalize, e.g., silane chemistry
♦ Thermally stable to 1025°C
♦ good chiral conductivity
♦ super-elasticity
♦ interesting morphology
♦ mechanical, electrical, and electromagnetic properties

Nanosprings FFaabbrriiccaattiioonn
10

Nanosprings Fabrication
A wide variety of well-known and extensively studied nanomaterials with simple shapes, such
as: nanoparticles, nanorods, nanocubes, nanosprings and nanotubes have been synthesized
using two general approaches: bottom-up (growth) and top-down (decomposition) with
template-assisted and template-free methods.
Synthesis methods:
CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition)
VLS (Vapor-Liquid-Solid Method)
Wet-Chemical Synthesis
Microfabrication Techniques
Sputtering
ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition)
11

Until now, the majority of nanospring structures have been synthesized by chemical vapor
deposition (CVD) on certain substrates, such as silicon carbide (SiC), boron carbide (BC),
silicon dioxide (SiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO), without the assistance of templates. This
method usually requires high temperatures, high-purity chemicals, and expensive
apparatus.
12
CNCs or nanosprings are synthesized
mostly using the thermal chemical
vapor deposition(CVD) method .

 Amorphous helical SiO2 nanosprings (80 to 140 nm in diameter and up to 8 microns long)
were synthesized with CVD.
 characterized and manipulated by(SEM) (TEM) (AFM).
 The helical nanosprings were observed in the middle of a straight nanowire and were
formed by a perturbation during the growth of the straight nanowire.
S.Najafi - M.Soleymani 13

 Contraction and expansion of the helical nanosprings were observed under in situ
electron beam heating during TEM, as well as bending induced by an AFM tip,
suggesting that the helical nanosprings are highly flexible .
 may have potential applications in nanomechanical, nanoelectronmagnetic devices, and
composite materials.

Fabrication
Nanosprings
Wet chemistry is a term used to refer to chemistry generally done in the liquid phase.
PdCl2
CuCl2
HCL
A methodology for synthesis of palladium (Pd) nanospring structures using an anodic
aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane template and facile electrochemical deposition.
The hydroxyl-terminated surfaces of alumina nanochannels and localized hydrogen evolution
contribute to the growth of Pd atoms at peripheral positions of the alumina nanochannels in the
presence of an effectual electric potential.

 Structural characterization including EDS line analysis and element mapping revealed Pd
nanodomains curling up on the Cu nanorods.
 The lengths of the nanosprings were dictated by the charges transported through
electrodeposition, and the diameters of the nanosprings were tunable by altering the
diameter of the alumina nanochannels.
 Pd nanosprings have potential applications in nanomachines, nanosensors, nanoinductors,
and metamaterials.

Nanosprings
conventional microfabrication techniques
to create a planar pattern in an InGaAs/GaAs
bilayer that self-assembles into 3D structures
during a wet etch release.
Fabrication
18

The vapor–liquid–solid method (VLS) is a mechanism for the growth of one-dimensional
structures, such as nanowires, from chemical vapor deposition. The growth of a crystal
through direct adsorption of a gas phase on to a solid surface is generally very slow.
19
Nanosprings can be synthesized with yield
higher than 90% with 100% repeatability.
For nanosprings formed from multiple wire this
mechanism dose not apply.

 Sputtering is a process whereby atoms are ejected from a solid target material due to
bombardment of the target by energetic particles like atoms or ions. A thin-film is
formed by this ejected atoms depositing on a substrate
20
Nanosprings
Adhesion to a substrate is high
The only film deposition method that
an alloy film can form
The high melting point raw materials
which are difficult with vacuum
deposition method can form a film
It is easy to control attributions of a
film
A clean film formation method
Fabrication

Fabrication
22
Nanosprings
After synthesis characterization and manipulation using scanning (SEM), transmission
(TEM) electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM).

23
Nanosprings
AApppplliiccaattiioonnss

24
Nanosprings
Applications

Nanosprings could potentially serve as functional parts of nanomachines,
nanosensors, nanoinductors, and photonic metamaterials.
Because of their prominent physical and mechanical properties, CNCs have potential
applications in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and bioMEMS. Moreover,
coiled carbon nanotubes can also be used as fillers for nanocomposites due to their
special morphologies
when they are applied in the biomedical field they act as efficient carriers due to their
super-elasticity and large surface area.
25
Nanosprings
Applications

Nanosprings Applications
At present, there is great demand for more structurally complex nanomaterials
because the shapes of nanomaterials affect their chemical and physical properties. A
nanospring (coiled spring on the nanometer scale) is a typical example of a
nanostructure with a complex shape; nanosprings could potentially serve as
functional parts of nanomachines, nanosensors, nanoinductors, and photonic
metamaterials.
The potential applications of patterned nanospring mats are in chemical and
biological sensors, hydrogen storage where extremely large surface area materials are
needed, and NEMS.
26

27
Nanosprings
Example applications:
♣ Detection utilizing molecular or bio-molecular
recognition
♣ Catalytic processing of waste streams
♣ Fuel cell membranes
♣ Heat dissipation in microelectronics
♣ Selective separations or sequestration
♣ Drug delivery through timed release
Applications

Nanosprings
Nanosprings as Sensors
Applications

… Applications
29
Nanosprings

Nanosprings
Nanosprings in TE
Applications

Synthetic osteogenic extracellular matrix formed by
31
Nanosprings
coated silicon dioxide nanosprings
Applications

Nanosprings CCoonncclluussiioonnss
32

33
Any Question???
A Word to Wise Sufficient

34
Thanks For Your Patience

35
Nanosprings
References:
[1] Kovtyukhova N, Martin B, Mbindyo J, Smith P, Razavi B, Mayer T and Mallouk T 2001 J. Phys. Chem. B 105 8762
[2] Dobrokhotov V et al 2006 J. Appl. Phys. submitted
[3] Duan X, Wang J and Lieber C M 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 1116
[4] Zheng M, Zhang L, Li G, Zhang X and Wang X 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 839
[5] Tang Z, Kotov N and Giersig M 2002 Science 297 237
[6] Salem A, Searson P and Leng K 2003 Nat. Mater. 2 668
[7] Beaux M, Wang L, Zhang D, Gangadean D, McIlroy D, Kwon N, Dziewanowska K and Bohach G 2006 J. Biomed.
Nanotechnol. at press
[8] Bekyarova E, Ni Y, Malarkey E, Montana V, McWilliams J, Haddon R and Parpura V 2005 J. Biomed. Nanotechnol. 1 3
[9] Chen X, Motojima S. Morphologies of carbon micro-coils grown by chemical vapor deposition. J Mater Sci
1999;34:5519–24.
[10] Takikawa H, Yatsuki M, Miyano R, Nagayama M, Sakakibara T, Itoh S, et al. Amorphous carbon fibrilliform
nanomaterials prepared by chemical vapor deposition. Jpn J Appl Phys 2000;39:5177–9.
[11] Zhang M, Nakayama Y, Pan L. Synthesis of carbon tubule nanocoils in high yield using iron-coated indium tin oxide as
catalyst. Jpn J Appl Phys 2000;39:L1242–4.
[12] Kuzuya C, In-Hwang W, Hirako S, Hishikawa Y, Motojima S. Preparation, morphology, and growth mechanism of
carbon nanocoils. Chem Vapor Depos 2002;8(2):57–62.
[13] Feng C, Liew KM. Energetics and structures of carbon nanorings. Carbon 2009;47(7):1664–9.
[14] Liu WC, Lin HK, Chen YL, Lee CY, Chiu HT. Growth of carbon nanocoils from K and Ag cooperative bicatalyst
assisted thermal decomposition of acetylene. Acs Nano 2010;4(7):4149–57.
[15] Shaikjee A, Franklyn PJ, Coville NJ. The use of transmission electron microscopy tomography to correlate copper
catalyst particle morphology with carbon fiber morphology. Carbon 2011;49(9):2950–9.
[16] Liu Q, Cui Z-M, Ma Z, Bian S-W, Song W-G. Carbon materials with unusual morphologies and their formation
mechanism. J Phys Chem C 2007;111(33):12420–4.

Nanosprings

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Nanosprings

Similar to Nanosprings (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Nanosprings