The document discusses copyrighted images included in a presentation on the Progressive Era from 1890-1920. It notes that the images are being used under the "fair use" provision of U.S. copyright law for educational purposes. The document then provides an outline of topics to be covered in the presentation, including definitions of the Progressive Era, background information, key ideas of progressivism, prominent progressive reformers, and major reforms in areas like politics, economics, and social issues.
The Gilded Age (1870-1900) was a period of rapid economic growth and industrialization following the Civil War. New factories and businesses transformed the U.S. economy and society. Wealthy industrialists and financiers accumulated vast fortunes while many workers faced difficult conditions. Political machines dominated cities and corruption was rampant. The era saw both conspicuous wealth and growing social tensions that would lead to reforms in the Progressive Era.
The Progressive Era in America saw widespread reforms in the early 20th century to address issues like workers' rights, women's and children's rights, economic issues, and the environment. Reformers sought to (1) protect social welfare, (2) promote moral improvement, (3) create economic reform, and (4) foster efficiency. Notable progressive presidents included Theodore Roosevelt, who broke up trusts and conserved natural resources, and Woodrow Wilson, who strengthened antitrust laws and established the Federal Trade Commission. However, the movement failed to significantly advance civil rights for African Americans.
Progressivism dominated US politics from the 1890s to the 1920s as reformers advocated for social change through government intervention. They sought to address issues like the gap between rich and poor, corrupt politics, unsafe working conditions, and poor living standards for many. The movement achieved some successes through muckraking journalism, political reforms at the state level, and new laws under progressive presidents like Roosevelt and Wilson. However, it largely failed on civil rights and making significant progress for racial minorities.
The document provides an overview of progressive reforms that took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States. It discusses political machines and corruption at this time. It also summarizes reforms to working conditions, such as restrictions on child labor and improved workplace safety after disasters like the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire. Women's suffrage and the temperance movement are covered as are early civil rights leaders seeking racial equality. The document concludes by outlining some progressive presidents and their policies around trust-busting, banking reforms, and consumer protection.
The Progressive Era saw reforms from 1890-1920 to address problems from industrialization, urbanization, and immigration. Progressives sought to increase democracy, regulate corporations, and promote social justice. They used government action and experts to implement reforms. At the municipal level, reforms included stronger mayors and professionalizing social work. States enacted reforms like the secret ballot, child labor laws, and women's suffrage. Nationally, Roosevelt was a "trust-buster" while Taft and Wilson passed more progressive policies. Women and African Americans also advocated for greater rights in this era.
This covers all of how America got into World War One through how we helped end the war in Europe. It also at the end discusses the treaty of Versailles.
The document discusses the rampant greed, graft, and corruption in American politics during the Gilded Age, including the rise of political machines that controlled cities and rewarded supporters with jobs and contracts, often through corrupt means like bribery and fraud. It also examines the tariff issue and differing views of Republican and Democratic presidents on tariff levels and protecting American businesses from foreign competition.
The document outlines key events in the American Civil Rights Movement from the Reconstruction Era to the 1960s. It discusses pivotal court cases like Plessy v. Ferguson, which legalized segregation, and Brown v. Board of Education, which overturned it. Major nonviolent protests led by Martin Luther King Jr. and organizations like the SCLC, SNCC, and CORE are also summarized, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and March on Washington. The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 are noted as important victories for the movement.
The Gilded Age (1870-1900) was a period of rapid economic growth and industrialization following the Civil War. New factories and businesses transformed the U.S. economy and society. Wealthy industrialists and financiers accumulated vast fortunes while many workers faced difficult conditions. Political machines dominated cities and corruption was rampant. The era saw both conspicuous wealth and growing social tensions that would lead to reforms in the Progressive Era.
The Progressive Era in America saw widespread reforms in the early 20th century to address issues like workers' rights, women's and children's rights, economic issues, and the environment. Reformers sought to (1) protect social welfare, (2) promote moral improvement, (3) create economic reform, and (4) foster efficiency. Notable progressive presidents included Theodore Roosevelt, who broke up trusts and conserved natural resources, and Woodrow Wilson, who strengthened antitrust laws and established the Federal Trade Commission. However, the movement failed to significantly advance civil rights for African Americans.
Progressivism dominated US politics from the 1890s to the 1920s as reformers advocated for social change through government intervention. They sought to address issues like the gap between rich and poor, corrupt politics, unsafe working conditions, and poor living standards for many. The movement achieved some successes through muckraking journalism, political reforms at the state level, and new laws under progressive presidents like Roosevelt and Wilson. However, it largely failed on civil rights and making significant progress for racial minorities.
The document provides an overview of progressive reforms that took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the United States. It discusses political machines and corruption at this time. It also summarizes reforms to working conditions, such as restrictions on child labor and improved workplace safety after disasters like the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire. Women's suffrage and the temperance movement are covered as are early civil rights leaders seeking racial equality. The document concludes by outlining some progressive presidents and their policies around trust-busting, banking reforms, and consumer protection.
The Progressive Era saw reforms from 1890-1920 to address problems from industrialization, urbanization, and immigration. Progressives sought to increase democracy, regulate corporations, and promote social justice. They used government action and experts to implement reforms. At the municipal level, reforms included stronger mayors and professionalizing social work. States enacted reforms like the secret ballot, child labor laws, and women's suffrage. Nationally, Roosevelt was a "trust-buster" while Taft and Wilson passed more progressive policies. Women and African Americans also advocated for greater rights in this era.
This covers all of how America got into World War One through how we helped end the war in Europe. It also at the end discusses the treaty of Versailles.
The document discusses the rampant greed, graft, and corruption in American politics during the Gilded Age, including the rise of political machines that controlled cities and rewarded supporters with jobs and contracts, often through corrupt means like bribery and fraud. It also examines the tariff issue and differing views of Republican and Democratic presidents on tariff levels and protecting American businesses from foreign competition.
The document outlines key events in the American Civil Rights Movement from the Reconstruction Era to the 1960s. It discusses pivotal court cases like Plessy v. Ferguson, which legalized segregation, and Brown v. Board of Education, which overturned it. Major nonviolent protests led by Martin Luther King Jr. and organizations like the SCLC, SNCC, and CORE are also summarized, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and March on Washington. The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 are noted as important victories for the movement.
The document provides an overview of life and culture in America during the 1920s. It describes the rapid urbanization and demographic changes of the period. Women gained new freedoms during the 1920s as flappers challenged traditional roles. Prohibition sparked growth in organized crime as gangsters profited from bootlegging. The arts flourished through new media like radio and movies.
This document provides an overview of the Progressive Era in the United States between the 1890s and 1920s. It describes how political machines corrupted local governments and how muckrakers exposed issues through investigative journalism. The Progressive movement aimed to curb the excesses of big business and promote social justice. Reforms included strengthening antitrust laws, passing food and drug safety acts, and giving women the right to vote through the 19th Amendment. However, minorities still faced widespread discrimination, lynching, and exclusion from many reforms during this era of social change.
The document provides background on FDR and the New Deal in response to the Great Depression. It summarizes the purposes of the New Deal which were relief, recovery, and reform through government programs that provided jobs, food/money for those in need, built housing, regulated banks, and addressed issues like drought. It outlines several major New Deal programs and acts like the NRA, AAA, Social Security Act, and others aimed at industry, agriculture, labor reforms, and more. It also discusses criticisms from both radicals and conservatives and steps FDR took to protect the New Deal accomplishments.
I. The document provides an overview of American involvement in World War I, beginning with Americans questioning neutrality and ending with the legacy of the war.
II. Key events that pushed the US into the war included the sinking of the Lusitania, the Zimmerman Telegram, and attacks on American merchant ships.
III. After declaring war in 1917, the US mobilized over 2 million troops who helped tip the balance on the Western Front, allowing the Allies to push back the Germans. Germany surrendered in 1918, ending the war.
The Progressive Era was a period of social activism and political reform in the United States that spanned from the 1890s to the 1920s. Caused by cultural decline, muckrakers exposing issues, and economic changes from industrialization, progressives fought for reforms addressing issues like corruption, child labor, women's suffrage, and prohibition. Key leaders included Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Robert LaFollette. Roosevelt proposed a New Nationalism with trust busting and consumer protections. Wilson advocated a New Freedom through antitrust acts and the Federal Reserve. Women and African Americans also led important reform movements during this era of social change.
Westward expansion from 1865 to 1914 led to significant changes across the United States. The discovery of gold in California in 1849 sparked the Gold Rush, drawing thousands of prospectors West in search of wealth. This period also saw the expansion of the cattle industry, growth of the railroad system, and an influx of homesteaders and immigrants seeking land and opportunity. However, westward settlement increasingly came into conflict with Native American tribes, leading to broken treaties, warfare, and the eventual confinement of most tribes to reservations by the late 19th century.
Post-war United States faced rising inflation, race riots, and fear of communism. The Red Scare led to crackdowns on labor unions and immigration restrictions. Prohibition failed to stop drinking and empowered organized crime. Women gained suffrage and new social freedoms as flappers. The Roaring 20s saw economic growth through mass production, consumerism, and credit. New technologies like cars, radios, and airplanes transformed society.
United States History Ch. 17 Section 2 Notesskorbar7
The document summarizes key social, economic, and educational changes in postwar America during the 1950s. It describes the rise of suburbs and "Sunbelt" states in the South and Southwest, fueled by government programs that enabled homeownership and the construction of the interstate highway system. It also outlines the shift to a service-based economy and growth of new industries, as well as changes in education access and the integration of schools following the Brown v. Board of Education ruling.
The document summarizes key events and movements during the 1960s civil rights era in the United States. It describes the emergence of civil rights protests like sit-ins and freedom rides to challenge segregation laws. Major events included the integration of the University of Mississippi leading to violence, and Martin Luther King Jr.'s leadership of protests in Birmingham that were met with police brutality. Tensions escalated with bombings of black churches and the murders of civil rights leaders like Medgar Evers and workers during the Freedom Summer campaign in Mississippi.
The document discusses the Nixon presidency in the 1970s. It summarizes that Nixon campaigned on a message of "law and order" and gained support in the South through his Southern Strategy. His domestic policies aimed to devolve power to state and local governments through New Federalism. However, tensions grew due to conflicts in the Middle East and the Vietnam War. Nixon established détente with China and the Soviet Union but the Watergate scandal erupted over his administration's cover-up of the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters. This led to Nixon's resignation in 1974, making him the first US president to resign from office.
The document summarizes key events and developments in the Civil Rights movement in the United States, including important Supreme Court cases (Plessy v Ferguson, Brown v Board of Education), civil rights legislation (Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965), and influential figures and events (Jackie Robinson breaking the color barrier in baseball, Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by MLK, MLK's "I Have a Dream" speech). Key amendments to the Constitution and executive orders aimed to abolish slavery and provide equal protection under the law.
The document summarizes political and social changes in the United States during the Gilded Age from 1876-1900. Millions of immigrants arrived from Europe and Asia, fleeing poverty and persecution. They faced difficult journeys and were processed through stations like Ellis Island. Nativist groups opposed immigration, leading to restrictions like the Chinese Exclusion Act. Political machines controlled cities by providing jobs and services to immigrants in exchange for votes. Corruption was rampant, as seen with Tammany Hall and the Tweed Ring. The Gilded Age was a period of vast wealth inequality and the growth of "robber barons" but also the beginning of reforms like civil service laws.
The document summarizes the Populist Movement of the 1880s-1890s in the United States. Key aspects included angry farmers forming the Populist Party to protest economic problems affecting many groups. The 1890s experienced the worst economic depression at that time. The Populist Platform advocated for ideas like free silver and women's suffrage. William Jennings Bryan and Mary Elizabeth Lease were important Populist figures. The Wizard of Oz can be seen as a political allegory representing these tensions through its characters. The Panic of 1893 exacerbated the economic problems, but recovery began before Congress passed relief measures as demand increased in Europe.
World War 2 was caused by rising nationalism, imperialism, and militarism in Germany, Italy, and Japan in the 1930s. These fascist regimes were led by dictators like Hitler, Mussolini, and Tojo who took control of their nations, built up their militaries, and sought to expand their territories, ignoring international treaties. They took advantage of economic troubles to promise national renewal through aggression. The Western democracies failed to effectively counter the aggression and Germany, Italy, and Japan became emboldened, ultimately leading to World War 2.
The Roaring Twenties was a decade of social and economic change in the United States following World War 1. President Warren G. Harding promised a "return to normalcy" and supported pro-business policies. However, his administration was plagued by corruption scandals. His successor, Calvin Coolidge, restored integrity but continued laissez-faire economics. The average income rose 35% during the decade, fueled by installment plans, national advertising, and labor-saving devices. Cultural changes included the flapper era of greater freedom for women, the rise of the automobile, radio, and African American culture like jazz. However, Prohibition failed as organized crime profited from bootlegging alcohol.
The document provides an overview of the Interwar Period from 1919-1939. It summarizes that after World War 1, hopes for peace failed as the Russian Revolution led to Stalin's regime in Russia and the 1929 stock market crash triggered a global economic depression. During this time, totalitarian regimes like fascism in Italy under Mussolini and Nazism in Germany under Hitler rose to power and imposed cruel dictatorships through repression of opposition and harsh racism and nationalism.
1. After WWII, the US and USSR emerged as rival superpowers competing for global influence, leading to tensions in Europe and the establishment of communist governments in Eastern Europe under Stalin.
2. In response, the US formulated the policy of containment to prevent the spread of communism and provided aid to Greece and Turkey through the Truman Doctrine, marking the beginning of the Cold War.
3. The Cold War escalated with the development of nuclear weapons by both sides and establishment of opposing military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel The Jungle exposed unsanitary and dangerous conditions in Chicago meatpacking plants through detailed descriptions. Sinclair described meat being shoveled from dirty floors and piled on tables without washing, traveling between rooms in rotten carts and gathering dirt, splinters, and floor filth along the way. When concerns were raised about health risks, managers claimed the meat would later be cooked, eliminating dangers. A contemporary government report also found meat being shoveled into barrels from dirty floors and tables of cooked meat scraps mixed with inedible and contaminated items. Both accounts revealed the filthy and unsafe practices in early 20th century meat production.
The document discusses the expansion of US influence in the Pacific region in the late 19th century, including interactions with Japan, annexation of Hawaii, the Spanish-American War, and debates around US imperialism. It also covers debates around whether the US should annex territories like the Philippines after the war and the atrocities that occurred during the ensuing Philippine-American War as the US fought Filipino rebels seeking independence.
The Progressive Era saw reforms that expanded the role of the government in addressing social problems. Muckrakers highlighted issues through investigative journalism, influencing new laws around food safety and workers' rights. Reformers also aimed to make government more democratic and efficient, including by establishing non-partisan city management and tools for direct public participation like initiatives, referendums, and recalls. The era saw debates around trusts, tariffs, and monetary policy that impacted elections and split the Republican Party.
The Progressive Movement occurred between 1890-1920 in response to social, economic, political, and environmental problems caused by the rapid industrialization of American cities. Progressives aimed to address issues like poverty, poor working conditions, and the unchecked power of large corporations. They worked to raise awareness of these issues and achieve reforms through journalists, activists, politicians and others. Some of their successes included regulations on child labor, women's suffrage, and the advancement of racial equality.
The document provides an overview of life and culture in America during the 1920s. It describes the rapid urbanization and demographic changes of the period. Women gained new freedoms during the 1920s as flappers challenged traditional roles. Prohibition sparked growth in organized crime as gangsters profited from bootlegging. The arts flourished through new media like radio and movies.
This document provides an overview of the Progressive Era in the United States between the 1890s and 1920s. It describes how political machines corrupted local governments and how muckrakers exposed issues through investigative journalism. The Progressive movement aimed to curb the excesses of big business and promote social justice. Reforms included strengthening antitrust laws, passing food and drug safety acts, and giving women the right to vote through the 19th Amendment. However, minorities still faced widespread discrimination, lynching, and exclusion from many reforms during this era of social change.
The document provides background on FDR and the New Deal in response to the Great Depression. It summarizes the purposes of the New Deal which were relief, recovery, and reform through government programs that provided jobs, food/money for those in need, built housing, regulated banks, and addressed issues like drought. It outlines several major New Deal programs and acts like the NRA, AAA, Social Security Act, and others aimed at industry, agriculture, labor reforms, and more. It also discusses criticisms from both radicals and conservatives and steps FDR took to protect the New Deal accomplishments.
I. The document provides an overview of American involvement in World War I, beginning with Americans questioning neutrality and ending with the legacy of the war.
II. Key events that pushed the US into the war included the sinking of the Lusitania, the Zimmerman Telegram, and attacks on American merchant ships.
III. After declaring war in 1917, the US mobilized over 2 million troops who helped tip the balance on the Western Front, allowing the Allies to push back the Germans. Germany surrendered in 1918, ending the war.
The Progressive Era was a period of social activism and political reform in the United States that spanned from the 1890s to the 1920s. Caused by cultural decline, muckrakers exposing issues, and economic changes from industrialization, progressives fought for reforms addressing issues like corruption, child labor, women's suffrage, and prohibition. Key leaders included Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Robert LaFollette. Roosevelt proposed a New Nationalism with trust busting and consumer protections. Wilson advocated a New Freedom through antitrust acts and the Federal Reserve. Women and African Americans also led important reform movements during this era of social change.
Westward expansion from 1865 to 1914 led to significant changes across the United States. The discovery of gold in California in 1849 sparked the Gold Rush, drawing thousands of prospectors West in search of wealth. This period also saw the expansion of the cattle industry, growth of the railroad system, and an influx of homesteaders and immigrants seeking land and opportunity. However, westward settlement increasingly came into conflict with Native American tribes, leading to broken treaties, warfare, and the eventual confinement of most tribes to reservations by the late 19th century.
Post-war United States faced rising inflation, race riots, and fear of communism. The Red Scare led to crackdowns on labor unions and immigration restrictions. Prohibition failed to stop drinking and empowered organized crime. Women gained suffrage and new social freedoms as flappers. The Roaring 20s saw economic growth through mass production, consumerism, and credit. New technologies like cars, radios, and airplanes transformed society.
United States History Ch. 17 Section 2 Notesskorbar7
The document summarizes key social, economic, and educational changes in postwar America during the 1950s. It describes the rise of suburbs and "Sunbelt" states in the South and Southwest, fueled by government programs that enabled homeownership and the construction of the interstate highway system. It also outlines the shift to a service-based economy and growth of new industries, as well as changes in education access and the integration of schools following the Brown v. Board of Education ruling.
The document summarizes key events and movements during the 1960s civil rights era in the United States. It describes the emergence of civil rights protests like sit-ins and freedom rides to challenge segregation laws. Major events included the integration of the University of Mississippi leading to violence, and Martin Luther King Jr.'s leadership of protests in Birmingham that were met with police brutality. Tensions escalated with bombings of black churches and the murders of civil rights leaders like Medgar Evers and workers during the Freedom Summer campaign in Mississippi.
The document discusses the Nixon presidency in the 1970s. It summarizes that Nixon campaigned on a message of "law and order" and gained support in the South through his Southern Strategy. His domestic policies aimed to devolve power to state and local governments through New Federalism. However, tensions grew due to conflicts in the Middle East and the Vietnam War. Nixon established détente with China and the Soviet Union but the Watergate scandal erupted over his administration's cover-up of the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters. This led to Nixon's resignation in 1974, making him the first US president to resign from office.
The document summarizes key events and developments in the Civil Rights movement in the United States, including important Supreme Court cases (Plessy v Ferguson, Brown v Board of Education), civil rights legislation (Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965), and influential figures and events (Jackie Robinson breaking the color barrier in baseball, Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by MLK, MLK's "I Have a Dream" speech). Key amendments to the Constitution and executive orders aimed to abolish slavery and provide equal protection under the law.
The document summarizes political and social changes in the United States during the Gilded Age from 1876-1900. Millions of immigrants arrived from Europe and Asia, fleeing poverty and persecution. They faced difficult journeys and were processed through stations like Ellis Island. Nativist groups opposed immigration, leading to restrictions like the Chinese Exclusion Act. Political machines controlled cities by providing jobs and services to immigrants in exchange for votes. Corruption was rampant, as seen with Tammany Hall and the Tweed Ring. The Gilded Age was a period of vast wealth inequality and the growth of "robber barons" but also the beginning of reforms like civil service laws.
The document summarizes the Populist Movement of the 1880s-1890s in the United States. Key aspects included angry farmers forming the Populist Party to protest economic problems affecting many groups. The 1890s experienced the worst economic depression at that time. The Populist Platform advocated for ideas like free silver and women's suffrage. William Jennings Bryan and Mary Elizabeth Lease were important Populist figures. The Wizard of Oz can be seen as a political allegory representing these tensions through its characters. The Panic of 1893 exacerbated the economic problems, but recovery began before Congress passed relief measures as demand increased in Europe.
World War 2 was caused by rising nationalism, imperialism, and militarism in Germany, Italy, and Japan in the 1930s. These fascist regimes were led by dictators like Hitler, Mussolini, and Tojo who took control of their nations, built up their militaries, and sought to expand their territories, ignoring international treaties. They took advantage of economic troubles to promise national renewal through aggression. The Western democracies failed to effectively counter the aggression and Germany, Italy, and Japan became emboldened, ultimately leading to World War 2.
The Roaring Twenties was a decade of social and economic change in the United States following World War 1. President Warren G. Harding promised a "return to normalcy" and supported pro-business policies. However, his administration was plagued by corruption scandals. His successor, Calvin Coolidge, restored integrity but continued laissez-faire economics. The average income rose 35% during the decade, fueled by installment plans, national advertising, and labor-saving devices. Cultural changes included the flapper era of greater freedom for women, the rise of the automobile, radio, and African American culture like jazz. However, Prohibition failed as organized crime profited from bootlegging alcohol.
The document provides an overview of the Interwar Period from 1919-1939. It summarizes that after World War 1, hopes for peace failed as the Russian Revolution led to Stalin's regime in Russia and the 1929 stock market crash triggered a global economic depression. During this time, totalitarian regimes like fascism in Italy under Mussolini and Nazism in Germany under Hitler rose to power and imposed cruel dictatorships through repression of opposition and harsh racism and nationalism.
1. After WWII, the US and USSR emerged as rival superpowers competing for global influence, leading to tensions in Europe and the establishment of communist governments in Eastern Europe under Stalin.
2. In response, the US formulated the policy of containment to prevent the spread of communism and provided aid to Greece and Turkey through the Truman Doctrine, marking the beginning of the Cold War.
3. The Cold War escalated with the development of nuclear weapons by both sides and establishment of opposing military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
Upton Sinclair's 1906 novel The Jungle exposed unsanitary and dangerous conditions in Chicago meatpacking plants through detailed descriptions. Sinclair described meat being shoveled from dirty floors and piled on tables without washing, traveling between rooms in rotten carts and gathering dirt, splinters, and floor filth along the way. When concerns were raised about health risks, managers claimed the meat would later be cooked, eliminating dangers. A contemporary government report also found meat being shoveled into barrels from dirty floors and tables of cooked meat scraps mixed with inedible and contaminated items. Both accounts revealed the filthy and unsafe practices in early 20th century meat production.
The document discusses the expansion of US influence in the Pacific region in the late 19th century, including interactions with Japan, annexation of Hawaii, the Spanish-American War, and debates around US imperialism. It also covers debates around whether the US should annex territories like the Philippines after the war and the atrocities that occurred during the ensuing Philippine-American War as the US fought Filipino rebels seeking independence.
The Progressive Era saw reforms that expanded the role of the government in addressing social problems. Muckrakers highlighted issues through investigative journalism, influencing new laws around food safety and workers' rights. Reformers also aimed to make government more democratic and efficient, including by establishing non-partisan city management and tools for direct public participation like initiatives, referendums, and recalls. The era saw debates around trusts, tariffs, and monetary policy that impacted elections and split the Republican Party.
The Progressive Movement occurred between 1890-1920 in response to social, economic, political, and environmental problems caused by the rapid industrialization of American cities. Progressives aimed to address issues like poverty, poor working conditions, and the unchecked power of large corporations. They worked to raise awareness of these issues and achieve reforms through journalists, activists, politicians and others. Some of their successes included regulations on child labor, women's suffrage, and the advancement of racial equality.
The document summarizes some of the key causes and results of the Progressive Era in the United States. Urbanization increased due to immigration from Eastern Europe and industrialization creating jobs in cities. This led to overcrowded tenement housing with poor conditions and a lack of government response, enabling political machines to gain power. Industrialization also resulted in long work days, low pay, child labor, and unsafe conditions, fueling the rise of labor unions and strikes against monopolistic big businesses that dominated industries like steel, railroads, and oil through practices like vertical and horizontal integration. Politicians eventually began cracking down on these issues.
During the Progressive Era from 1890-1920, rapid industrialization, immigration, and urbanization led to problems like monopolies exploiting workers and consumers. Journalists called "muckrakers" exposed these issues, fueling reforms. Progressives successfully advocated for laws protecting workers and consumers from abuses, such as banning child labor, regulating wages and hours, and breaking up monopolies. They also passed amendments allowing income tax and direct election of Senators. The era brought significant reforms to address problems created by unfettered industrialization.
Progressives became concerned about long work hours and poor wages damaging the health of factory workers, especially women and children. Reformers like Florence Kelley lobbied for protective legislation. Jacob Riis documented poor living conditions in tenement housing. Muckraking journalists like Ida Tarbell exposed corruption and fraud in big business, such as Standard Oil. Theodore Roosevelt, as president, took steps to regulate industry and break up trusts in the interest of public welfare, while also establishing national parks and promoting conservation. Upton Sinclair's The Jungle drew attention to unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry and spurred passage of new food safety laws.
The Progressive Era occurred between 1890-1920 and was a period of significant reforms and social activism in the United States. Reforms sought to address issues like corruption in government, women's suffrage, child labor, monopoly trusts, alcohol prohibition, and civil rights. Six US presidents are associated with advancing Progressive goals during this era through new laws and amendments regarding issues like income tax, direct election of senators, women's right to vote, and prohibition of alcohol.
The Progressive Era saw several important reforms through amendments to the U.S. Constitution between the 16th and 19th Amendments. The 16th Amendment allowed Congress to collect income taxes from wealthy citizens. The 17th Amendment provided for the direct election of Senators by citizens. The 18th Amendment established Prohibition by banning liquor but was later repealed. Additionally, the 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote.
The document discusses several key aspects of the Progressive Era in the United States, including:
1) Reformers known as Progressives worked to improve America's political and social environment in response to concerns about business excesses, and their efforts strengthened American democracy.
2) Novels like Upton Sinclair's The Jungle exposed unsafe practices and spurred legislation like the Pure Food and Drug Act to regulate industries and protect consumers.
3) Women reformers played a large role in social reforms addressing issues like temperance, suffrage, education, and racism through organizations like settlement houses.
4) Jim Crow laws imposed racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans in the South despite the end of Reconstruction.
The document provides an overview of key topics related to the Progressive Era. It begins with defining the Progressive Era and its goals of protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement, creating economic reform, and fostering efficiency. It then discusses specific accomplishments and reforms in these areas, including prohibition, women's suffrage, trust busting, regulation of railroads and food/drugs, conservation, and labor reforms. The document also summarizes the presidencies of Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson, outlining major policies and legislation passed under each. It focuses on their approaches to trusts, tariffs, conservation, African Americans, and events leading to the Republican party split in 1912.
The document provides a history of American schooling from the colonial period to the present. It outlines several major eras in American education including the colonial period, common school era, industrial era, progressive era, and post-World War II era. For each era, it describes changes to curriculum, teaching methods, and the societal factors influencing education. It also summarizes several major educational reform efforts from the 1950s to present such as No Child Left Behind and Race to the Top. In closing, it shares the author's perspective that educational reform should shift toward a more democratic and multicultural approach.
The document discusses the United States entry into World War 1. It states that the sinking of the passenger ship Lusitania by a German U-boat in 1915, which killed over 1,000 people including Americans, was a major event that led the US to join the war. Another key event was the Zimmerman Telegram, in which Germany attempted to ally with Mexico against the US. The document provides background on the countries involved in World War 1 and notes that over 2 million American soldiers fought after the US officially entered the war in April 1917.
This document provides background information on the Progressive Era in the United States. It discusses key aspects of Progressivism including its time period from the 1890s to 1920s and goals of promoting social welfare, moral improvement, and economic and political reforms. Some of the reforms discussed include protections for women and children, prohibitions on alcohol, trust busting, conservation efforts, and muckraking journalism. The document also examines some of the problems Progressives sought to address like working conditions, unchecked big business, and corruption. Overall, the document offers context about the scope and goals of the Progressive movement in American history.
1) After WWI, the US became increasingly isolationist as the public did not want to be involved in overseas conflicts and feared the costs of future wars.
2) The US rejected the Treaty of Versailles and did not join the League of Nations, reducing its role in global affairs.
3) Through policies like the Fordney-McCumber Tariff and immigration quotas, the US also isolated itself economically and politically in the 1920s in an effort to focus inwardly.
The document provides background information on the USA and its entry into World War 1 in 1917. It discusses the USA's policy of isolationism prior to the war and its political system and parties. It then covers reasons why the US joined the war in 1917, including Germany resuming unrestricted submarine warfare which threatened US trade. President Wilson played a role in the Treaty of Versailles but the US Senate ultimately rejected joining the League of Nations. The war resulted in increased US trade and industry while isolationism increased following the war.
The United States initially pursued a policy of isolationism in World War 1, with many Americans wanting to avoid involvement in foreign conflicts. However, German actions like sinking civilian ships like the Lusitania that killed Americans, as well as an intercepted telegram proposing an alliance with Mexico against the U.S., turned public opinion toward entering the war. In April 1917, after German submarines sank three more U.S. ships, Congress declared war on Germany and the U.S. joined the Allied forces in World War 1.
The document discusses the key events of World War I and America's entry into the war. It provides a timeline of events from the 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria through America's declaration of war in 1917 and Germany's surrender in 1918. The timeline notes America's initial neutrality, attacks on civilian ships that turned public opinion against Germany, America joining the Allied forces in 1917, and American troops achieving their first victory in 1918 before the war ended on November 11, 1918 with Germany's surrender.
During the late 19th century, the United States underwent rapid urbanization and industrialization. Millions of immigrants poured into American cities, and populations skyrocketed. New building technologies allowed for the construction of skyscrapers in major urban areas. At the same time, social problems emerged as many immigrants lived in poor conditions. New business practices like vertical and horizontal integration led to the rise of monopolies that dominated industries. While economic growth was substantial, the Gilded Age also saw the development of class divisions and inequality.
During the early to mid-1800s, the United States experienced rapid economic, technological, and population growth that transformed it into a market economy. Key developments included the expansion of commercial farming in the Midwest, the transportation revolution of canals and railroads, the rise of manufacturing in the North, and large-scale immigration. However, this period also saw social tensions emerge between native-born Americans and Catholic immigrants, as well as economic divisions growing between the industrial North and agricultural South. Rapid advances in transportation and communication further integrated the national economy but also exacerbated regional differences leading up to the Civil War.
1) The document summarizes key changes in industry, society, and cities in the late 19th century United States, including the rise of large corporations, changing nature of work, new immigration patterns, and growth of cities.
2) New technologies like electricity transformed factories and mass production while large corporations became dominant economic players.
3) Industrial work became reduced to low-skilled, repetitive tasks and often involved long hours, low pay, unsafe conditions, and child labor. This led to labor organizing and reform movements.
4) Large numbers of European and Asian immigrants moved to U.S. cities, living in ethnic neighborhoods and facing challenges adjusting to American life while nativism against immigrants increased.
Capitalism- The American experience 1907-1941.pptxJon Newland
The document provides background information on the rise of capitalism in the United States from 1907-1941. It discusses the key causes including the expansion of railways, post-Civil War reconstruction, immigrant labor, the discovery of oil, and mass production. Important individuals like Rockefeller, Carnegie, Ford, and Morgan helped drive industrialization. The Gilded Age saw huge economic growth but also the rise of monopolies and inequality. The Progressive Era brought reforms to regulate industry and protect workers in response to these issues.
The document provides an overview of life in the United States in 1900 compared to 1998, highlighting major social, economic, and technological changes over that period. Some key points included are the growth of the US population from 76 million to over 300 million, increases in average wages and declines in things like home ownership and family size. The document also discusses major reforms of the Progressive Era from 1900-1920 aimed at addressing issues like monopolies, corruption, child labor, and working conditions through efforts of muckrakers, reformers, and the federal government.
Progressives during the 1890-1917 period attempted to address problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, and laissez-faire policies. They were generally white, middle-class, native-born professionals and reformers who pushed for social justice, political democracy, economic equality, and conservation. Muckrakers exposed corruption through investigative journalism to raise public awareness and spur reforms, while progressives proposed solutions. Their efforts led to legislation at both the state and federal level to regulate industry, protect workers and consumers, reduce political corruption, and conserve natural resources.
The document provides background information on immigration to the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It discusses how employers relied on immigrant laborers from Asia who could not become citizens, as well as temporary Mexican workers. Prejudice against Asian immigrants led to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. Immigrant processing centers like Ellis Island screened newcomers. While immigration was initially encouraged, nativist sentiment grew and Congress passed laws in 1921 and 1924 setting immigration quotas.
The Progressive Era occurred between 1890-1920 in response to extreme corruption, poor working conditions, and social injustices during the Gilded Age. Progressivism aimed to bring social justice through government regulation of big business, expansion of voting rights, improved working conditions, and addressing issues facing the poor, immigrants, and racial minorities. Notable Progressive reforms addressed areas like social justice, political democracy, economic equality, and conservation. Muckraking journalists played an important role in exposing issues to the public and driving reforms. However, racial discrimination and segregation persisted through policies like Jim Crow laws and barriers to voting for African Americans. Groups like the NAACP and individuals like Ida B. Wells and W.E.B.
The document provides information on the Gilded Age in the United States from 1870-1900. It summarizes the presidents during this period and discusses the rise of large industries, such as steel, oil, and railroads, led by businessmen like Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Morgan. It also examines the working conditions, labor unions, immigration, and growth of cities during the Gilded Age, which saw both rapid industrialization but also significant social problems.
The document summarizes the Progressive Era in the United States from 1890 to 1920. It describes the roots of progressivism in rapid industrialization, immigration, and rejection of social Darwinism. Progressives were mainly middle and upper-class citizens who believed the government could enact reforms to address problems and continue social advancement. Their goals included trust-busting, increasing democracy, labor reforms, consumer protections, and social justice issues like civil rights and women's rights. Muckrakers like Upton Sinclair exposed issues through investigative journalism. Under Teddy Roosevelt, the federal government took a more active role in regulating industry and passing reforms like the Meat Inspection and Pure Food and Drug Acts.
Here is a Frayer Model for Socialism:
Definition: An economic and political system in which major industries are owned and controlled by the government rather than by individual people and companies.
Characteristics:
- Public or government ownership of key industries and services like transportation, communication, energy, water, etc.
- Central economic planning and regulation of production and distribution of goods
- Equality of outcome emphasized over equality of opportunity
- High taxes used to fund public services like education, healthcare, etc.
- Little to no private property ownership of major means of production
Examples:
- Scandinavian countries like Sweden, Norway, Denmark
- China
- Former Soviet Union
- Cuba
Non-Examples
During the late 19th century, urbanization increased rapidly as many Americans moved to cities. The urban population grew from 10 million in 1870 to over 30 million by 1900, with most new urban residents being immigrants. Many immigrants lived in crowded and unsanitary tenement housing in ethnic enclaves and worked long hours for low pay in the growing industrial economy. At the same time, large corporations like Carnegie Steel and Standard Oil dominated their industries, leading to concerns over monopolies and wealth inequality. Workers organized unions to fight for better conditions, while African Americans faced increasing racial segregation and violence in the South under Jim Crow laws after the Supreme Court's "separate but equal" ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson.
The Progressive Era saw reform attempts to address problems caused by industrialization in the late 1800s/early 1900s. Progressive reformers and presidents Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson introduced reforms at the national level. During this time, muckraking journalists also investigated social problems and corruption, bringing issues to public attention. The Populist and Progressive movements both pushed for reforms to business and government practices.
Immigration and urban growth increased dramatically in the late 19th century. Factors like poverty, wars, and lack of farmland pushed immigrants from Europe and Asia to the United States, while economic opportunity and religious freedom pulled them to America. New immigrants crowded into ethnic neighborhoods in cities and many lived in poor conditions in tenements and urban slums. Reformers like Jane Addams aimed to improve life for the urban poor. New technologies like steel construction enabled the growth of skyscrapers and changed the landscape of American cities.
During the late 19th century, the United States underwent rapid urbanization and industrialization. Millions of immigrants poured into major cities, transforming the population. As populations grew, new technologies like steel production and elevators enabled the construction of skyscrapers. New business models like vertical and horizontal integration helped companies dominate entire industries. While industrialization created wealth for some, workers often faced difficult conditions. Unions organized to advocate for better treatment. Racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans also increased during this period of rapid change known as the Gilded Age.
Here are two things that most shaped 1920s culture:
1. Automobiles - The widespread availability and adoption of affordable cars like the Model T transformed American society, enabling new freedoms and the growth of suburbs.
2. Jazz music - Emerging from New Orleans and cities of the Great Migration, jazz became immensely popular nationwide in the 1920s. It reflected and influenced social changes through its improvisational and syncopated style.
Between 1750-1914, the Modern Revolution brought significant changes through industrialization, population growth, globalization, and new ideas. Key developments included the harnessing of fossil fuels like coal which powered new technologies and factories, increased agricultural production to support growing populations, the rise of democratic political ideals and nation-states, and global migrations and imperialism which shifted economic and political power towards Europe and North America. However, these changes were interconnected and challenging to control, with new ideas and forces for change spreading universally once industrialization and advances in communication and transportation were underway.
The document discusses the rapid industrialization of the United States between 1865-1900. Key factors contributing to industrialization included abundant natural resources, labor supply, new technologies, capital investment, and business-friendly government policies. Mass production techniques like assembly lines and scientific management principles increased efficiency. The railroad industry expanded greatly and helped open up new markets. While proponents argued industrialists were self-made men and capitalism expanded opportunities, there was growing unrest over extreme wealth inequality and poor conditions for many workers. As monopolies consolidated power, the socialist movement gained some influence in response to the social problems of the late industrial era.
The document provides an overview of social, economic, and political changes in the United States during the 1920s. It was an era of rapid change as traditional rural values clashed with new urban lifestyles. The economy experienced rapid growth and prosperity led by new industries like automobiles and consumerism. However, there was also conflict as some Americans feared the loss of traditional values and groups like immigrants, African Americans, and women seeking greater freedoms. The period saw both social liberalism embodied by flappers and a rise in religious fundamentalism defending traditional values.
The document discusses academic integrity and the consequences for cheating and plagiarism. It defines plagiarism as copying another's work, ideas or images without giving proper credit. Examples include failing to cite sources in papers, using false data or citations, or submitting another's work as one's own. The consequences increase with each offense. For a first offense, the student fails the assignment, parents are notified, and disciplinary action like suspension may be taken. For a second offense, the student again fails the assignment, parents are notified, and administration documents the incident in the student's file, with further disciplinary measures possible.
The Great Transatlantic Migrations - Brandon & Sean VKara Gleason
During the period of transatlantic migration prior to 1924, millions of Europeans immigrated to countries in North and South America. While the United States received the most immigrants who chose to settle there permanently, other countries in the Americas also saw significant immigration. Common experiences included immigrants living in ethnic enclaves and facing racism in their new homes. The largest waves of immigration were spurred by opportunities for jobs, religious freedom, and escape from oppression in Europe.
Comparing the Emancipation Proclamation & the Emancipation Manifesto - AshleyKara Gleason
The document compares the Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Lincoln in 1863 that freed slaves in Confederate states to the Russian Emancipation Manifesto issued by Tsar Alexander II in 1861 that freed serfs. Both were issued to modernize their economies - Lincoln also aimed to undermine the Confederacy and Alexander II wanted to prevent peasant uprisings. They granted former slaves and serfs new legal rights and freedoms but also posed economic issues for slave/serf owners who lost their workforce.
World Revolutions and the Coming of the American Civil War By Dave & MikeKara Gleason
The document discusses revolutions that occurred between 1776 and 1861 and how they influenced the American Civil War. It provides context on revolutions in Haiti, France, Poland, Germany, Denmark, and Italy during this period which saw shifts to more democratic governments and opposition to slavery and monarchy. These global revolutionary movements impacted American thinking and ultimately led the US to resolve its own issues around democracy and slavery through the Civil War.
This document summarizes an agenda for a meeting of the American Encounters: U.S. History in Global Context project. The agenda includes sessions on considering Abraham Lincoln in a global context, implementing a U.S. history approach that incorporates global contexts, and discussing how to bring the Common Core standards into the history classroom. It also provides information on project resources, standards alignment, and evaluation requirements including a pre-and post-test for participants.
The document discusses Wikis and their educational uses. A Wiki is a website that allows multiple users to collaboratively create and edit content. Wikis can be used for a variety of educational purposes, including as a collaborative textbook, for sharing student work, as a class encyclopedia, and for project planning. Setting guidelines around who can view and edit a Wiki is important. Wikis provide benefits like demonstrating the thought process behind content development and allowing students to take ownership of their work. Teachers should consider questions around implementation like intended use, access levels, and moderation before creating an educational Wiki.
A wiki is a website that allows multiple users to collaboratively create, modify, and organize web page content. Wikis enable interactive and student-centered learning by allowing easy editing and addition of content. Teachers can use wikis for collaborative projects like creating a class textbook or sharing student work. When implementing a wiki, teachers should consider questions around access, moderation, and monitoring of content.
History Connected Workshops and Institutes 2010-2011Kara Gleason
This document summarizes a grant-funded professional development program for middle and high school U.S. history teachers called "History Connected." The program focuses on the theme of "War, Society, State, and Citizenship" from the American Revolution to the Vietnam War. It includes school day seminars taught by historians, book discussion groups, and a summer institute providing learning opportunities, resources, and graduate credit or PDPs for participating teachers.
The document outlines an agenda for a workshop on Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Great Depression, and the New Deal. The workshop includes presentations on FDR and the Depression from a history professor and strategies for using resources like oral histories and images to teach about the New Deal. It also lists connections to Massachusetts history standards covering causes and impacts of the Depression, key policies and figures of the New Deal era, and how the Depression and New Deal affected American society. Participants will practice skills like analyzing primary sources and considering historical perspectives.
This document provides an overview of an interdisciplinary course titled "Plagues and Peoples" that examines the interactions between disease, healers, and patients throughout history. The course covers topics like the Black Death, the spread of disease during colonial times, milestones in microbiology, and recent epidemics. Students will develop projects using technologies like Windows Photostory3, Wikispaces, Blogspot, and iMovie to demonstrate their understanding of course content and recent disease events. The goal is for students to gain a basic understanding of infectious disease transmission and the connections between epidemics and history.
The document provides an agenda for a conference on the Progressive Era held on April 13, 2010. The agenda includes sessions on the Progressive Era led by Professor Ed O'Donnell from Holy Cross College. Concurrent afternoon workshops will cover a primary source workshop on the 1912 Bread and Roses Strike in Lawrence, MA led by the Lawrence History Center and a walking tour of sites related to the strike led by Jim Beauchesne from the Lawrence Heritage State Park. The document lists connections to Massachusetts history and social science curriculum frameworks as well as standards in historical thinking that the conference sessions relate to, focusing on the Industrial Revolution, immigration, labor unions, Progressivism, and struggles for civil rights in the post-Civil War era.
Coordination between government agencies and private organizations is helping to speed up the polio vaccination effort. The National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis and local health departments are working together on vaccination programs. Their cooperation aims to make the polio vaccines widely available as soon as possible.
Polio was a growing problem in the early 20th century, with outbreaks occurring across the United States and thousands of children becoming paralyzed or dying from the disease each year. Medical researchers and public health officials worked to better understand polio and mitigate its spread, with some advocating for improved sanitation and isolation of infected individuals to limit transmission. A vaccine would not be developed for several more decades.
Roosevelt contracted poliomyelitis while vacationing at his summer home in Campobello, New Brunswick. The article reports that the 39-year old Roosevelt was stricken with a fever and pain in his legs on August 10th and has developed a case of poliomyelitis. Doctors are attending to him at his home on Campobello Island but the severity of his illness is still unknown.
The document provides an agenda for a conference on immigration and labor that compares historical and modern topics. The agenda includes welcome and introductory sessions in the morning followed by concurrent workshop sessions in the afternoon on Yankees and immigrants and a guided tour of an immigrants exhibit. Standards for teaching with historic places are referenced as a way to help students connect with and understand those who lived in other time periods.
A wiki is a website that allows multiple users to collaboratively create and modify web page content. Wikis are easily accessible and free technology that can be used for a variety of educational purposes, such as collaborative textbooks, presenting student work, sharing resources, and more. While wikis promote democratic knowledge creation and show the thought process, teachers need to monitor contributions and decide who can access and edit the site.
The document outlines the agenda and goals of a teacher training workshop on American history. The workshop aims to improve teachers' understanding of 19th century American history, particularly around the growth of slavery and local responses. The agenda includes an orientation, a performance on Ellen Craft's escape from slavery, a classroom workshop on cotton and the textile industry, and a session on the growth of slavery in the 19th century led by a history professor. Teachers will complete evaluations and pre- and post-tests on American history content. Resources for teaching about slavery will also be shared.
The document discusses using the free software Photostory to create digital stories and movies from images, text, and audio for history lessons. Some examples of how Photostory can be used include visual mini-lessons, music videos, book reports, documenting field trips, timelines, and illustrating essays. Photostory is recommended because it is free, easy to learn, and guides users through the process. Tips include using a microphone for narration and creating a storyboard before starting.
The document outlines the agenda for a teacher training workshop on teaching American history and the right to vote. The goals of the workshop are to improve teachers' content knowledge of American history and help them meet national history standards. The agenda includes sessions on the history of voting rights in the US led by a professor from Harvard, workshops at a history center museum, and discussions on connecting the content to classrooms. Teachers will complete evaluations and a pre- and post-test assessment.
This document provides an agenda for a professional development workshop for history teachers. The workshop focuses on natural rights and constitutions. The agenda includes sessions on evaluating classroom connections, workshops on how the constitution relates to citizenship and the end of slavery in Massachusetts. The document also outlines the workshop goals of improving teachers' American history content knowledge and meeting historical thinking standards.
1. Please Note:
The images included in this presentation, some of which are copyrighted,
are being used under the “fair use” provision (for educational purposes)
of the U.S. law governing usage of copyrighted material.
3. My Approach to Teaching History
• Conflict: Finding and Exploring Conflict and Debate
• Agency: Recognizing How People Shape Their Era
• Choices: History is the study of Choices - Nothing is
inevitable!
• Relevance: Make Connections (carefully) to the
Present
• Documents and Images
4. The Progressive Era
• Defined
• Background to the Progressive Era
• Three Main Ideas of Progressivism
• Who Were the Progressives
• Key Progressive Era Reforms
• The Darker Side of Progressivism
• When Did the Progressive Era End?
5. The Progressive Era
Defined
The period from (roughly) 1890-1920 when
many diverse groups in American society
launched efforts to reform or eliminate the
many social problems resulting from rapid
industrialization, urbanization, and
immigration.
6. Background to the Progressive Era
The “New” Immigration
total
1880 1,206,299
1890 1,515,301
1900 3,437,202
1910 4,766,883
1920 5,620,048
1930 6,930,446
7. Who Came?
• Russian and Eastern European Jews
• Italians
• Poles
• Greeks
• Czechs
• Bohemians
• Irish and Germans (continuing but declining)
• African Americans - The Great Migration
9. Immigrant Cities
1910
% immigrants and their US-
born children
New York 78.6%
Chicago 77.5%
Milwaukee 78.6
San Francisco 68.3
Overall, the foreign-born = 14.8% of US population in 1910
(12.5% in 2009)
11. Many
Types
of
Nativism
• Disease
• Superstition
• Poverty
• Anarchy
• Sabbath
desecration
• Intemperance
• Crime The Immigrant: The Stranger at Our Gate from The Ram’s Horn April 25, 1896
Source: www.projects.vassar.edu/1896/0425ramshorn.html
12. Toward Immigration Restriction
Early Immigration Restriction
• 1882 Chinese
Exclusion Act
• 1885 Contract
Labor Prohibited
• 1890 Federal
Immigration Act
• Ellis Island opens
• Four Categories of
Exclusion
1. Health
2. Poverty
3. Criminality
Dumping European Garbage
4. Radicalism Judge Magazine, 1890
18. Background to the Progressive Era
Conquest of the West
The Wounded Knee Massacre, 1890
19. Three Main Ideas of Progressivism
1. Anti-Monopoly (vs. Big Business)
2. The Common Good (vs. Individualism)
3. Government Regulation (vs. Laissez-Faire)
20. Who Were the Progressives?
1. Women
2. Evangelicals
3. Journalists
4. Social Workers
5. Experts
6. Professionals
7. Politicians
8. Conservationists
9. Civil Rights Activists
21. Key Progressive Era Reforms
Political Reform
The Problem
- corruption
- unresponsive
government
22. Key Progressive Era Reforms
Political Reform
The Goal
- revitalize democracy
and increase the
influence of the people
- eliminate corruption
23. Key Progressive Era Reforms
Political Reform
Municipal Government Reforms
1. City Manager
2. City Commission
3. Civil Service Exams
24. Key Progressive Era Reforms
Political Reform
State Government Reform
1. The Initiative
2. The Referendum
3. The Recall
25. Key Progressive Era Reforms
Political Reform
Federal Government Reform
17th Amendment – the direct election of Senators
26. Key Progressive Era Reforms
Economic Reform
The Problem
1. Unchecked power of big
business
2. Lack of competition
3. Dangerous products
4. Boom and Bust cycles
28. “What A Strange Little Government”
The Verdict Jan 22 1900 [source: Andrist_The Confident Years]
29. Key Progressive Era Reforms
Economic Reform
The Limits of Economic
Reform
1. Diminish the power of
Trusts, but leave most intact
2. Regulate private business,
but not control it
3. The Underlying Assumption
– capitalism’s benefits outweigh its
harmful effects
-- the government should minimize
the latter
30. Key Progressive Era Reforms
Economic Reform
Corporate Regulation
1902 Trust Busting
1906 Hepburn Act
1911 Standard Oil Trust
broken up
1914 Clayton Anti-Trust
Act
31. Key Progressive Era Reforms
Economic Reform
Consumer Protection
• The Pure Food and Drug Act
• The Meat Inspection Act
32. Key Progressive Era Reforms
Economic Reform
Banking Regulation
Goal – reduce “Boom and
Bust”
1907 Banking Crisis
1911 Pujo Investigation
1913 Federal Reserve Act
33. Key Progressive Era Reforms
Economic Reform
Greater Tax Equity
No Income Tax
- Carnegie’s $25 mil
The 16th Amendment
34. Growing Economic Disparity
1890
–Top 1% of pop owned 51% of all
wealth
–Lower 44% of pop owned 1.2% of
all wealth
–Top 12% owned 86% of all wealth
–Remaining 88% owned just 14% of
all wealth
Source: Walter Licht, Industrializing America, p 183
35. Key Progressive Era Reforms
Social Reform
The Goal - The Protection and Expansion of Individual Rights
36. Key Progressive Era Reforms
Social Reform
Pro-Labor Legislation
The Problem – few
laws or protections for
workers
Growing labor unrest
ex: The Triangle
Shirtwaist Factory Fire
39. Key Progressive Era Reforms
Social Reform
Pro-Labor Legislation
1902 Coal Strike
1903 Dept of Commerce and
Labor
By 1912 38 states enact child
labor laws
By 1912 24 states enact the 8-
hour day for public works
By 1917 38 states enact
workmen’s compensation laws
41. A moments glimpse of the outer world. Said she was 11 years old. Been working over a
year. Rhodes Mfg. Co. Lincolnton, N.C. (Lewis Hine)
42. Some boys and girls were so small they had to climb up on to the spinning frame to mend broken
threads and to put back the empty bobbins. Bibb Mill No. 1. Macon, Ga. (Lewis Hine)
43. One of the spinners in Whitnel Cotton Mill. She was 51 inches high. Has been in the mill
one year. Sometimes works at night. Runs 4 sides - 48 cents a day. When asked how
old she was, she hesitated, then said, "I don't remember," then added confidentially,
"I'm not old enough to work, but do just the same." Out of 50 employees, there were
ten children about her size. Whitnel, N.C. (Lewis Hine)
57. Traditional Views of the Poor
Demonizing the Poor
“There is a large class—I was about
to say a majority—of the population
of New York and Brooklyn … to
whom the rearing of two or more
children means inevitably a boy for
the penitentiary, and a girl for the
brothel.”
-- A New York City judge, ca. 1885 Loring Brace,
Source: Illustration in Charles
The Dangerous Classes and My Twenty Years
Among Them, 1874
58. Traditional Views of the Poor
As Dangerous Revolutionaries
“The city has become a serious
menace to our civilization. . . . It has a
peculiar attraction for the immigrant. …
Here is heaped the social dynamite;
here roughs, gamblers, thieves,
robbers, lawless and desperate men of
all sorts, congregate; men who are
ready on any pretext to raise riots for
the purpose of destruction and plunder;
here gather foreigners and wage-
workers; here skepticism and irreligion
abound.”
-- Josiah Strong, a prominent Midwestern minister, in
his best-selling book, Our Country: Its Possible
Future and Its Present Crisis (1885)
59. Traditional Views of the Poor
Social Darwinism
“What a blessing to let
the unreformed
drunkard and his
children die, and not
increase them above all
others. … How wise to
let those of weak
digestion from gluttony
die, and the temperate
live. What benevolence
to let the lawless perish,
and the prudent
survive.”
— The Christian Advocate (N.Y.), 1879
60. Key Progressive Era Reforms
Social Reform
Jacob A. Riis sheds
new light on poverty
and its causes
70. Key Progressive Era Reforms
Social Reform
Anti-Poverty Initiatives – Settlement Houses
71. Key Progressive Era Reforms
Social Reform
Anti-Poverty Initiatives – Tenement Reform
72. Key Progressive Era Reforms
Social Reform
Anti-Poverty Initiatives – Public Education Expansion
Before After
73. Key Progressive Era Reforms
Social Reform
Anti-Poverty Initiatives – Public Parks in Poor Neighborhoods
Elite Recreation in Central Park in New York
86. The Dark Side of Progressism
The Anti- Lynching Crusade
“Although lynchings have
steadily increased in
number and barbarity
during the last twenty
Ida B. Wells years, there has been no
single effort put forth by the
many moral and
philanthropic forces of the
country to put a stop to this
wholesale slaughter.”
-- Ida B. Wells
87. The Dark Side of Progressism
The Birth of A Nation (1915)
90. Progressivism and Imperialism?
America Becomes an Imperial Power
1867 Purchase of Alaska
1878 Naval Bases Established in Samoa (Pacific)
1893 Hawaii annexed
1898 Spanish-American War: U.S. acquires Cuba,
Philippines, Samoa, and Guam
1899 "Open Door" policy established with China
1899-1902 U.S. puts down Philippine insurrection
1904 Columbia "Revolution" leads to creation of pro-US
nation of Panama which agrees to allow Panama Canal
1909-10 US troops occupy Nicaragua
1912-25
1926-33
1914 US intervenes in Mexican Revolution
1916-1924 US troops occupy Dominican Republic
1915-1934 US troops occupy Haiti
95. Teaching American
History
“Who dares to teach must
never cease to learn”
-- Librarian and Educator, John Cotton Dana
“Trying to plan for the future
without knowing the past
is like trying to plant cut flowers.”
-- Historian Daniel Boorstin