Between 1750-1914, the Modern Revolution brought significant changes through industrialization, population growth, globalization, and new ideas. Key developments included the harnessing of fossil fuels like coal which powered new technologies and factories, increased agricultural production to support growing populations, the rise of democratic political ideals and nation-states, and global migrations and imperialism which shifted economic and political power towards Europe and North America. However, these changes were interconnected and challenging to control, with new ideas and forces for change spreading universally once industrialization and advances in communication and transportation were underway.
Global convergence from 1400 to 1800 led to accelerating changes worldwide. Ideas, goods, technologies, and pathogens spread further and faster as trade networks expanded. World population grew significantly due to improved nutrition, while disease devastated native populations in the Americas. States and empires grew larger and more powerful through conquests, colonization, and wealth from trade and manufacturing. Challenges to absolutist rulers emerged from new social elites and ideas about human rights and democracy. Overall, this era saw the world become more interconnected as it moved closer to the modern globalized world.
During Big Era Five (300-1500 CE), cultural exchange increased dramatically across Afroeurasia and within the Americas due to growing populations, migrations, expanding trade networks, the rise of large empires, and spread of universal religions. Innovations in technologies, such as maps, the compass, and lateen sails enabled Europeans to begin linking Afroeurasia and the Americas in the late 15th century, marking the start of a new era of global connections.
Between 1200 BCE and 500 CE, world population grew significantly due to advances in agriculture and iron technology. This population growth fueled the establishment of extensive networks of exchange across Afroeurasia and the Americas, including trade routes, writing systems, and the spread of major religions. Empires arose that maintained networks for communication, trade, and cultural diffusion over vast areas. By 500 CE, population increases had led to deforestation, more complex societies, greater collective learning, and more people living in large urban centers connected through expanding networks.
Chapter 22 End of Empires and global south to global stage 1914- PresentS Sandoval
This document summarizes major global events from 1914 to the present related to the end of European colonial empires and the rise of independence movements and new states in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. It discusses the collapse of European empires after World War I and WWII, the independence of countries like India, Pakistan, Indonesia, and nations in Africa in the post-war period, and the variety of political systems and paths of development that emerged, including democracy, authoritarianism, and communism. It also analyzes independence movements, challenges to colonial rule, and different regional experiences in gaining freedom across the global South.
Facts of the city of Jerusalem, the most controversial piece of land in the world, more specifically the Old City and Temple Mount. Despite the overwhelming evidence that it is the land of the Israelites, it is unbelievable that UNESCO has decided that the Temple Mount has no connection with historic Israel, all because of over 50 Muslim Nations hard pressuring on the Islamic conquest of Israel and occupying it for centuries. With so much of archaeological proof of this land with Israeli history for over 3000+ years, who can believe the false claim of the Muslim world - that religion having come into existence just 1000 years ago. Their claim over Jerusalem is the furthermost thing from the truth. It is the moral obligation of all Christians to stand with Israel as the rightful custodian and people of Jerusalem, as it is the heart of Christianity's Holy Land.
The document summarizes the political development of Greek city-states between 750 BC and 480 BC. It describes the rise of monarchies, aristocracies, oligarchies, and democracies in different city-states like Athens and Sparta. It also discusses Sparta's conquest of Messenia and harsh rule over the Messenians, and the conflicts between Greek city-states that led to the Persian Wars in which a united Greece defeated the Persian Empire at battles like Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis.
The document discusses the origins and expansion of Islamic civilization between 600-1300 CE. It highlights the contributions of two important Islamic scholars: Ibn Sina in the field of medicine, who wrote an influential Encyclopedia of Medicine; and Ibn Battuta in geography, who was a famous explorer. The establishment of institutions like the House of Wisdom in Baghdad helped advance learning by preserving knowledge from earlier civilizations and translating important works.
Global convergence from 1400 to 1800 led to accelerating changes worldwide. Ideas, goods, technologies, and pathogens spread further and faster as trade networks expanded. World population grew significantly due to improved nutrition, while disease devastated native populations in the Americas. States and empires grew larger and more powerful through conquests, colonization, and wealth from trade and manufacturing. Challenges to absolutist rulers emerged from new social elites and ideas about human rights and democracy. Overall, this era saw the world become more interconnected as it moved closer to the modern globalized world.
During Big Era Five (300-1500 CE), cultural exchange increased dramatically across Afroeurasia and within the Americas due to growing populations, migrations, expanding trade networks, the rise of large empires, and spread of universal religions. Innovations in technologies, such as maps, the compass, and lateen sails enabled Europeans to begin linking Afroeurasia and the Americas in the late 15th century, marking the start of a new era of global connections.
Between 1200 BCE and 500 CE, world population grew significantly due to advances in agriculture and iron technology. This population growth fueled the establishment of extensive networks of exchange across Afroeurasia and the Americas, including trade routes, writing systems, and the spread of major religions. Empires arose that maintained networks for communication, trade, and cultural diffusion over vast areas. By 500 CE, population increases had led to deforestation, more complex societies, greater collective learning, and more people living in large urban centers connected through expanding networks.
Chapter 22 End of Empires and global south to global stage 1914- PresentS Sandoval
This document summarizes major global events from 1914 to the present related to the end of European colonial empires and the rise of independence movements and new states in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. It discusses the collapse of European empires after World War I and WWII, the independence of countries like India, Pakistan, Indonesia, and nations in Africa in the post-war period, and the variety of political systems and paths of development that emerged, including democracy, authoritarianism, and communism. It also analyzes independence movements, challenges to colonial rule, and different regional experiences in gaining freedom across the global South.
Facts of the city of Jerusalem, the most controversial piece of land in the world, more specifically the Old City and Temple Mount. Despite the overwhelming evidence that it is the land of the Israelites, it is unbelievable that UNESCO has decided that the Temple Mount has no connection with historic Israel, all because of over 50 Muslim Nations hard pressuring on the Islamic conquest of Israel and occupying it for centuries. With so much of archaeological proof of this land with Israeli history for over 3000+ years, who can believe the false claim of the Muslim world - that religion having come into existence just 1000 years ago. Their claim over Jerusalem is the furthermost thing from the truth. It is the moral obligation of all Christians to stand with Israel as the rightful custodian and people of Jerusalem, as it is the heart of Christianity's Holy Land.
The document summarizes the political development of Greek city-states between 750 BC and 480 BC. It describes the rise of monarchies, aristocracies, oligarchies, and democracies in different city-states like Athens and Sparta. It also discusses Sparta's conquest of Messenia and harsh rule over the Messenians, and the conflicts between Greek city-states that led to the Persian Wars in which a united Greece defeated the Persian Empire at battles like Marathon, Thermopylae, and Salamis.
The document discusses the origins and expansion of Islamic civilization between 600-1300 CE. It highlights the contributions of two important Islamic scholars: Ibn Sina in the field of medicine, who wrote an influential Encyclopedia of Medicine; and Ibn Battuta in geography, who was a famous explorer. The establishment of institutions like the House of Wisdom in Baghdad helped advance learning by preserving knowledge from earlier civilizations and translating important works.
A presentation of the Persian Empire, suitable for Year 9 students, consisting in following: zoroastrianism, Persian dynasties, famous kings, type of government, Xerxes, world first human rights charter, first vertical axis windmill.
Chapter 13 political transformations : Empires and encounters 1450-1750S Sandoval
AP WORLD HISTORY - CHAPTER 16 WAYS OF THE WORLD.
The Early Modern world, 1450 to 1750- Political transformations of empires and encounters. (sorry for the grammar mistakes)
AP WORLD HISTORY: Chapter 17 Revolutions of Industrialization 1750-1914S Sandoval
AP world history - Ways of the World book by Strayer. Summary of Chapter 17: European moment in world history - Revolutions of industrialization 1750 to 1914.
The document summarizes various aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization such as their writing system, cuisine, holidays, geography, architecture, traditional dress, and history. Hieroglyphic writing was used to record information about religion and government. Bread was a staple food and Egyptians used garlic and onions frequently in cooking. Major structures from ancient Egypt include the pyramids and Sphinx. Egypt had a long continuous history as the earliest unified state dating back to around 3000 BC.
This document provides background on the events leading up to World War 1. It discusses the rise of nationalism and imperialism in Europe, which led to increased tensions over territorial disputes. It also examines the system of alliances between European powers and the rise of militarism, as countries built up their armed forces. When the Archduke of Austria-Hungary was assassinated, the complex system of alliances drew the major European powers into war. The document summarizes the initial outbreak of fighting and the onset of trench warfare on the Western Front.
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern Iraq, was the site of some of the earliest human civilizations. People first settled there due to natural levees along the rivers that protected against floods while enabling irrigation. Several successive civilizations arose in Mesopotamia over 3000 years, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. These civilizations developed systems of writing like cuneiform, advanced mathematics, the wheel, and organized religion centered around temples. Though Mesopotamia faced environmental challenges like flooding and lack of resources, its civilizations left lasting legacies as the cradle of modern civilization.
Will China overtake the US as the next superpower?IvanWeiss1
This document discusses whether China will overtake the US as the next superpower. It examines China and the US across military, economic, political, and cultural dimensions. While China's economy has grown extensively, its military remains weaker than the US and it faces issues with political restrictions, environmental problems, and low productivity. The future is uncertain, but economic and cultural achievements will likely play key roles, and money matters more than military or political power alone in determining the next superpower.
Brief history of Ancient Greece 3650 BC to 146 BC. It includes the early civilizations, the Greek dark ages, Archaic Greece, Classical Greece and Hellenistic Greece.
The Indus Valley civilization arose around 3200 BC along the Indus River valley in modern-day Pakistan. By 2500 BC, the earliest cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa were established with sophisticated urban planning including standardized bricks and an effective water management system. The Indus Valley cities may have had contact and trade with Mesopotamian civilizations evidenced by seals depicting animals domesticated in both regions. By 1900 BC, the Indus Valley civilization began to decline for unknown reasons, though environmental factors may have contributed to its fall.
With the ongoing conflicts going on between Israel and the Palestinian Hamas, and the repeat invasion of Gaza, this presentation presents some historical context as well as areas to explore for a lasting peace.
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the Fertile Crescent. The rivers' seasonal flooding deposited silt that nourished agriculture, allowing civilization to develop. The Sumerians built the first Mesopotamian cities like Ur and Uruk by 3000 BC and invented cuneiform writing and the wheel. Their theocratic city-states were later conquered by the Akkadians and Hammurabi's Babylonian Empire. Key developments included Hammurabi's Code of Laws and the Epic of Gilgamesh.
Greek civilization flourished between 1000 BC to 323 BC, originating in areas settled by ancient Greeks like the Greek peninsula, Cyprus, and parts of modern-day Turkey. It was characterized by the rise of independent city-states like Athens and Sparta, which practiced different forms of government. Athenian democracy and Spartan militarism were dominant. Greek culture had a significant influence on Western civilization through developments in philosophy, drama, architecture, science, and more. The civilization ended with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the rise of Hellenistic empires.
Ancient Greek inventors developed many technologies still used today. They invented the astrolabe for astronomy and navigation, using it to determine star positions, latitude, and the visibility of celestial objects - similar to modern augmented reality star chart apps. The Greeks also invented early cranes to assist with construction projects and watermills to grind grain, predecessors to modern construction equipment and water turbines. Additionally, they created early alarm clocks by fitting water clocks with indicators and alarms to measure and announce the time, forerunners of modern timepieces.
The document summarizes the origins and early history of the Israelites. It describes how Abraham was considered the father of the Hebrews and how his descendants, led by Moses, escaped enslavement in Egypt around 1200 BC and settled in Canaan. There they established a kingdom under kings Saul, David, and Solomon. After Solomon's death, the kingdom split into the northern Kingdom of Israel and southern Kingdom of Judah. Both kingdoms were later conquered and their populations exiled, though some later returned to Judah and their faith evolved into Judaism.
The Cultural Heritage of Greece to the World, including among others the birth of poetry, the birth of philosophy and the arts and science in ancient Greece
The Phoenicians originated in the land of Phoenicia along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. They became skilled sailors, shipbuilders, and merchants who established colonies throughout the Mediterranean world and introduced Asian goods and cultural influences from places like Egypt and Persia. A major Phoenician contribution was developing the first alphabet of 22 letters, which later alphabets were based on. The Jews originated as a Semitic people in Arabia and later settled in Palestine and Egypt before fleeing Egypt led by Moses. They established kingdoms in Israel but these were later conquered and the Jews were exiled, becoming refugees dispersed throughout Asia and Europe in what was known as the Jewish diaspora.
The ancient Greeks lived in independent city-states rather than a unified nation, and identified themselves primarily based on their city-state of origin such as Athenian or Spartan. Each city-state had its own government, laws, and customs, though they shared a common language and religion. While the city-states would unite against common enemies, they also engaged in wars with each other due to the lack of a centralized Greek government.
Greece's geography, with its mountainous terrain and proximity to the sea, influenced the development of trade and city-states. Early Greek civilizations like the Minoans and Mycenaeans engaged in seaborne trading. Later, Greeks founded autonomous city-states (polis) for protection and security. Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state during the Golden Age under the leadership of Pericles, establishing the world's first democratic system of government.
The ancient Greek city-states of Sparta and Athens emerged as centers of power due to the mountainous geography of Greece. Sparta developed a strict military society ruled by kings and elders, while Athens gradually transitioned to a democratic system where male citizens could directly participate in governing. Under the leadership of Pericles, Athenian democracy broadened further and Athens became a cultural center, though democracy was still limited. The Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta weakened both cities and marked the decline of Greek dominance. Key Greek contributions to political thought included concepts of direct democracy, participation of citizens in government, and separation of governmental powers.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the most powerful of the Japanese regional warlords (daimyo) in the late 1500s, led an invasion of Korea in 1592 in an attempt to consolidate his power. Although the Japanese forces were initially successful due to innovative military tactics and technology, the Koreans and Chinese allies eventually repelled the invasion. After Hideyoshi's death in 1598, the Japanese withdrew from Korea, signing a peace treaty in 1606 that ended the fighting but left Korea weakened.
The Industrial Revolution began in Europe in the 18th century and dramatically changed society and the economy. New technologies increased production, which supported Europe's growing population. Factories and machines replaced manual labor, and divisions of labor made production more efficient. These changes transformed people's way of life as they moved to cities for work. The Industrial Revolution ultimately spread across Europe and had widespread social, economic, and political impacts on the continent.
The rise of industrialization in Europe from 1750-1914 led to massive social and economic changes. Britain was the first to industrialize due to its coal deposits, iron ore, and colonies that provided raw materials. The factory system exploited workers, leading to poor living conditions in urban areas. Over time, socialism, unions, and government reforms improved conditions for workers. Industrialization spread across Europe and led nations to compete economically and militarily through imperialism and colonialism.
A presentation of the Persian Empire, suitable for Year 9 students, consisting in following: zoroastrianism, Persian dynasties, famous kings, type of government, Xerxes, world first human rights charter, first vertical axis windmill.
Chapter 13 political transformations : Empires and encounters 1450-1750S Sandoval
AP WORLD HISTORY - CHAPTER 16 WAYS OF THE WORLD.
The Early Modern world, 1450 to 1750- Political transformations of empires and encounters. (sorry for the grammar mistakes)
AP WORLD HISTORY: Chapter 17 Revolutions of Industrialization 1750-1914S Sandoval
AP world history - Ways of the World book by Strayer. Summary of Chapter 17: European moment in world history - Revolutions of industrialization 1750 to 1914.
The document summarizes various aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization such as their writing system, cuisine, holidays, geography, architecture, traditional dress, and history. Hieroglyphic writing was used to record information about religion and government. Bread was a staple food and Egyptians used garlic and onions frequently in cooking. Major structures from ancient Egypt include the pyramids and Sphinx. Egypt had a long continuous history as the earliest unified state dating back to around 3000 BC.
This document provides background on the events leading up to World War 1. It discusses the rise of nationalism and imperialism in Europe, which led to increased tensions over territorial disputes. It also examines the system of alliances between European powers and the rise of militarism, as countries built up their armed forces. When the Archduke of Austria-Hungary was assassinated, the complex system of alliances drew the major European powers into war. The document summarizes the initial outbreak of fighting and the onset of trench warfare on the Western Front.
Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in modern Iraq, was the site of some of the earliest human civilizations. People first settled there due to natural levees along the rivers that protected against floods while enabling irrigation. Several successive civilizations arose in Mesopotamia over 3000 years, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians. These civilizations developed systems of writing like cuneiform, advanced mathematics, the wheel, and organized religion centered around temples. Though Mesopotamia faced environmental challenges like flooding and lack of resources, its civilizations left lasting legacies as the cradle of modern civilization.
Will China overtake the US as the next superpower?IvanWeiss1
This document discusses whether China will overtake the US as the next superpower. It examines China and the US across military, economic, political, and cultural dimensions. While China's economy has grown extensively, its military remains weaker than the US and it faces issues with political restrictions, environmental problems, and low productivity. The future is uncertain, but economic and cultural achievements will likely play key roles, and money matters more than military or political power alone in determining the next superpower.
Brief history of Ancient Greece 3650 BC to 146 BC. It includes the early civilizations, the Greek dark ages, Archaic Greece, Classical Greece and Hellenistic Greece.
The Indus Valley civilization arose around 3200 BC along the Indus River valley in modern-day Pakistan. By 2500 BC, the earliest cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa were established with sophisticated urban planning including standardized bricks and an effective water management system. The Indus Valley cities may have had contact and trade with Mesopotamian civilizations evidenced by seals depicting animals domesticated in both regions. By 1900 BC, the Indus Valley civilization began to decline for unknown reasons, though environmental factors may have contributed to its fall.
With the ongoing conflicts going on between Israel and the Palestinian Hamas, and the repeat invasion of Gaza, this presentation presents some historical context as well as areas to explore for a lasting peace.
Mesopotamia was located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the Fertile Crescent. The rivers' seasonal flooding deposited silt that nourished agriculture, allowing civilization to develop. The Sumerians built the first Mesopotamian cities like Ur and Uruk by 3000 BC and invented cuneiform writing and the wheel. Their theocratic city-states were later conquered by the Akkadians and Hammurabi's Babylonian Empire. Key developments included Hammurabi's Code of Laws and the Epic of Gilgamesh.
Greek civilization flourished between 1000 BC to 323 BC, originating in areas settled by ancient Greeks like the Greek peninsula, Cyprus, and parts of modern-day Turkey. It was characterized by the rise of independent city-states like Athens and Sparta, which practiced different forms of government. Athenian democracy and Spartan militarism were dominant. Greek culture had a significant influence on Western civilization through developments in philosophy, drama, architecture, science, and more. The civilization ended with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the rise of Hellenistic empires.
Ancient Greek inventors developed many technologies still used today. They invented the astrolabe for astronomy and navigation, using it to determine star positions, latitude, and the visibility of celestial objects - similar to modern augmented reality star chart apps. The Greeks also invented early cranes to assist with construction projects and watermills to grind grain, predecessors to modern construction equipment and water turbines. Additionally, they created early alarm clocks by fitting water clocks with indicators and alarms to measure and announce the time, forerunners of modern timepieces.
The document summarizes the origins and early history of the Israelites. It describes how Abraham was considered the father of the Hebrews and how his descendants, led by Moses, escaped enslavement in Egypt around 1200 BC and settled in Canaan. There they established a kingdom under kings Saul, David, and Solomon. After Solomon's death, the kingdom split into the northern Kingdom of Israel and southern Kingdom of Judah. Both kingdoms were later conquered and their populations exiled, though some later returned to Judah and their faith evolved into Judaism.
The Cultural Heritage of Greece to the World, including among others the birth of poetry, the birth of philosophy and the arts and science in ancient Greece
The Phoenicians originated in the land of Phoenicia along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. They became skilled sailors, shipbuilders, and merchants who established colonies throughout the Mediterranean world and introduced Asian goods and cultural influences from places like Egypt and Persia. A major Phoenician contribution was developing the first alphabet of 22 letters, which later alphabets were based on. The Jews originated as a Semitic people in Arabia and later settled in Palestine and Egypt before fleeing Egypt led by Moses. They established kingdoms in Israel but these were later conquered and the Jews were exiled, becoming refugees dispersed throughout Asia and Europe in what was known as the Jewish diaspora.
The ancient Greeks lived in independent city-states rather than a unified nation, and identified themselves primarily based on their city-state of origin such as Athenian or Spartan. Each city-state had its own government, laws, and customs, though they shared a common language and religion. While the city-states would unite against common enemies, they also engaged in wars with each other due to the lack of a centralized Greek government.
Greece's geography, with its mountainous terrain and proximity to the sea, influenced the development of trade and city-states. Early Greek civilizations like the Minoans and Mycenaeans engaged in seaborne trading. Later, Greeks founded autonomous city-states (polis) for protection and security. Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state during the Golden Age under the leadership of Pericles, establishing the world's first democratic system of government.
The ancient Greek city-states of Sparta and Athens emerged as centers of power due to the mountainous geography of Greece. Sparta developed a strict military society ruled by kings and elders, while Athens gradually transitioned to a democratic system where male citizens could directly participate in governing. Under the leadership of Pericles, Athenian democracy broadened further and Athens became a cultural center, though democracy was still limited. The Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta weakened both cities and marked the decline of Greek dominance. Key Greek contributions to political thought included concepts of direct democracy, participation of citizens in government, and separation of governmental powers.
Toyotomi Hideyoshi, the most powerful of the Japanese regional warlords (daimyo) in the late 1500s, led an invasion of Korea in 1592 in an attempt to consolidate his power. Although the Japanese forces were initially successful due to innovative military tactics and technology, the Koreans and Chinese allies eventually repelled the invasion. After Hideyoshi's death in 1598, the Japanese withdrew from Korea, signing a peace treaty in 1606 that ended the fighting but left Korea weakened.
The Industrial Revolution began in Europe in the 18th century and dramatically changed society and the economy. New technologies increased production, which supported Europe's growing population. Factories and machines replaced manual labor, and divisions of labor made production more efficient. These changes transformed people's way of life as they moved to cities for work. The Industrial Revolution ultimately spread across Europe and had widespread social, economic, and political impacts on the continent.
The rise of industrialization in Europe from 1750-1914 led to massive social and economic changes. Britain was the first to industrialize due to its coal deposits, iron ore, and colonies that provided raw materials. The factory system exploited workers, leading to poor living conditions in urban areas. Over time, socialism, unions, and government reforms improved conditions for workers. Industrialization spread across Europe and led nations to compete economically and militarily through imperialism and colonialism.
The document discusses several revolutions in modern China related to Sichuan cuisine and hot peppers. It argues that Sichuan cuisine is not actually as spicy as commonly believed, as the use of hot peppers was abandoned in the 16th century and only reintroduced later. The document examines the history of hot peppers in Sichuan cuisine and how their introduction affected the region's culinary traditions and culture over time.
The industrial revolution began in Great Britain and spread to other nations, fueled by new inventions like the steam engine. This led to rapid industrialization and social changes like population growth, the rise of cities, and new social classes. Workers faced difficult conditions and long hours with little rights. Early socialists believed in equality and cooperation as alternatives to the competitive industrial system. The Congress of Vienna restored the old monarchical order in Europe after Napoleon, but liberal and nationalist ideas were on the rise and led to revolutions in 1830 and 1848 that briefly overthrew some kings before being suppressed.
The document provides historical context about the 19th century global setting and the Philippines. It describes the political instability in Spain during this time period which weakened Spain as a colonial power. It also outlines the social stratification system and classes that were established in the Philippines under Spanish rule. The economic system was still feudal and the society remained stratified. The political system involved a governor-general who administered the central government in Manila and imposed laws.
1 key terms and overview to movement of peopledaviddunlop1
This document provides an overview and introduction to a unit on the movement of people during the Industrial Revolution from 1700-1900. It includes definitions for 10 key terms to add to a glossary, such as industrialism, capitalism, empire, colony, and indentured labor. It also summarizes factors that led to the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, how new inventions drove industrialization, and the social impacts of rapid population growth and urbanization during this period.
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 18th century and transformed society. New machines and factories powered by steam engines increased productivity and changed the way goods were manufactured. This led to a shift from an agrarian to an industrial economy based on capitalist principles. While it brought economic growth and increased standards of living for some, it also caused hardship for many early industrial workers who faced long hours and difficult working conditions in the new factories. The Industrial Revolution marked a major structural change in society that impacted all aspects of life and established the foundations of modern Western society.
Lecture 6 b industrialism & marxism - 10.2014LACCD
The Industrial Revolution transformed European society from agrarian to urban and industrial. New technologies like steam power allowed for factories, mass production, and new transportation networks. This increased productivity but also inequality as the working class faced long hours, child labor, and unsafe conditions. Critics like Marx saw capitalism as exploiting workers. The Industrial Revolution also drove imperialism as countries sought new resources and markets.
The document provides background information on the 18th century and the Age of Enlightenment. It discusses how the 18th century marked a transition period between the modern age and contemporary age. The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that emerged in France and emphasized the use of reason to improve society and advance human happiness and progress. Key Enlightenment thinkers like Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Diderot are discussed and their major ideas summarized, such as Montesquieu's advocacy for separation of powers and Rousseau's concept of popular sovereignty. The document also examines political, economic, and social changes in Europe during this time period, including the growth of economic liberalism and liberal ideas
The document discusses the decline of the Ottoman and Qing Empires from the late 18th century through the early 20th century. It analyzes the internal problems like rebellions and external threats from European imperialism that contributed to their decline. The empires attempted reforms like self-strengthening in China and the Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire, but they struggled to modernize effectively in the face of growing foreign domination and domestic opposition.
1. The document summarizes major global events from the 18th century through the early 21st century, including revolutions, the rise and fall of empires, industrialization, world wars, decolonization, and increasing globalization.
2. Key developments discussed include the American, French, Haitian, and Spanish American revolutions of the late 18th-early 19th centuries; the abolition of slavery and rise of feminism; the industrial revolutions in Europe and spread to other regions; the rise and fall of communism during the Cold War era; and the transition from European colonial empires to independence for former colonies in Asia and Africa following World War 2.
3. Global issues like climate change
This document provides an overview of the major changes and challenges of the 19th century that influenced Jose Rizal's life and work. It discusses the rise of nationalism, spread of democracy, modernization through the Industrial Revolution, advancements in science and technology, growth of imperialism, and new ideas that fostered growth. Specific events like the American and French Revolutions are mentioned. The effects of the Industrial Revolution on living standards, population growth, and the rise of capitalism are summarized. Responses to social problems created by these changes from different groups are also outlined.
The document provides an overview of several revolutions and events that occurred between the 18th and early 20th centuries, including the American, French, Haitian, and Spanish American revolutions as well as industrialization in Europe and its effects. It also discusses European colonialism in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and how this impacted local economies, identities, and cultures. Key events covered include the Opium Wars in China, reforms and modernization efforts in the Ottoman Empire, and Japan's Meiji Restoration.
The document summarizes key events and impacts of European colonialism between the 15th-early 20th centuries. It discusses how Europeans conquered and divided lands in Africa, Asia, the Americas, and Oceania for economic and political gain. Colonies were exploited for resources and labor through practices like forced crops, land seizures, and wage labor. This caused social changes like the rise of cash economies and Christian missionary activity. Cultural identities also shifted as colonized peoples developed new senses of nationality, religion, and race in response to colonial rule. By 1900, Europeans had transformed local economies and societies to serve global markets and colonial governance.
The document summarizes key events in the Atlantic Revolutions of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, including the American Revolution, French Revolution, Haitian Revolution, and Spanish American Revolution. It also discusses the worldwide effects of these revolutions, such as the growth of nationalism, feminism, and the abolition of slavery. Additionally, it examines the process of industrialization in Europe, Britain, America, and Russia and how society was transformed. It provides overviews of China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan during this period, including their varying responses to Western expansion and industrialization.
The document summarizes several key events and impacts of European colonialism between the 15th-early 20th centuries:
1) Europeans conquered and colonized much of Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Oceania through military force and exploitation of natural resources, imposing their rule over local populations.
2) Colonial economies transformed local industries and labor, focusing on cash crops and mining for European markets and forcing many into wage labor under harsh conditions.
3) European rule and Christian missionaries significantly changed local cultures and identities as colonized peoples were classified by race and religion in relation to their colonial rulers. Some resisted through rebellions while others adopted Western education and religious conversion.
4) By the early
The Industrial Revolution in Europe profoundly impacted society and politics. New technologies like factories increased production, while improved transportation like canals and railroads expanded trade. This led to rapid urbanization, though cities lacked sanitation, resulting in disease. Child labor in factories was also common and working conditions were poor. The middle class grew as the system of labor changed from a rural to an industrial model.
Europe, 1814-1914:Political Ideologies and Key EventsDave Phillips
This document provides an overview of political ideologies and key events in Europe from 1814-1914. It discusses the major conservative and liberal ideologies during this period like conservatism, classical liberalism, socialism, communism, and anarchism. It also summarizes some of the major political events including the Congress of Vienna which formed the Concert of Europe to suppress liberalism, the revolutions of 1848, the unification of Germany and Italy, Irish potato famine, and the Crimean War. Nationalist movements were an important force as various countries unified and others gained independence from empires during this era of political turmoil and change in Europe.
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century and spread to other parts of the world. It transformed manufacturing from small-scale production done by hand to large-scale production using machines powered by steam engines fueled by coal. This required a reliable source of raw materials, capital, labor, and markets. The Industrial Revolution improved transportation but also led to unsafe working conditions, pollution, and wealth inequality between the new industrialists and the workers. Reforms were eventually implemented to address some of the negative social impacts.
This document provides guidance on writing a Document-Based Question (DBQ) essay for AP history exams. It explains that a DBQ requires students to make an assertion defending a position using evidence from historical documents and outside knowledge. It outlines a six-step process for writing the essay, including reading the question, analyzing documents, forming a thesis, using a "Yes/But" strategy to address counterarguments, and writing the essay. It emphasizes analyzing rather than quoting documents, referring to documents by title not letter, and including specific historical examples to support the thesis.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in world geography that are important for understanding global history. It discusses different map projections and defines continents. Key points include: viewing Eurasia and Africa as a single landmass called Afroeurasia; the significance of seas within Afroeurasia in facilitating communication; the impact of the great arid zone and mountain ranges; and the role of winds, currents and major rivers in connecting different regions. The objective is for students to develop a mental map of the entire world in order to think globally.
This document provides an overview of key events in Big Era Two from 200,000 to 10,000 BCE:
- Homo sapiens evolved in Africa by 200,000 years ago and began migrating to Southwest Asia and other regions.
- Language allowed humans to exchange complex ideas, store knowledge across generations through culture, and continuously build upon ideas - a process known as collective learning.
- Collective learning through culture enabled humans to adapt to diverse environments more successfully than other species and migrate worldwide.
- Neanderthals and Homo erectus inhabited parts of Eurasia but went extinct as Homo sapiens populations expanded and cultural complexity accelerated after 40,000 years ago.
This document provides examples of interconnectedness and interdependence in globalization across several topics: multinational corporations and their large economic power; measures of economic activity like GDP and changes over time; international trade agreements like NAFTA and OPEC setting oil prices; worldwide stock market crashes and oil crises affecting many nations; debt and poverty issues especially in the global south; the shift to more women in the workforce; privatization policies promoted by organizations like the World Bank; and the formation of trade alliances like GATT and the WTO to establish global trade rules.
This document discusses several environmental and social issues: deforestation is caused by population growth and urbanization which destroys natural habitat and the ozone layer; emitting chlorofluorocarbons causes loss of the ozone layer which removes ultraviolet protection from the sun; emitting carbon dioxide contributes to the greenhouse effect and climate change; sulfur emissions from factories cause acid rain which destroys forests and biodiversity; technological and biological advances enable weapons that could lead to war or fall into the wrong hands; and population growth, war, and natural disasters can exacerbate hunger and starvation.
Social issues are moral problems that directly or indirectly affect members of society. The United Nations was founded in 1945 with the goals of preventing war and promoting human dignity. It has various agencies that provide aid to address economic and social problems. Agenda 21 from the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development outlined proposals for sustainable development actions. Non-governmental organizations work on issues like human rights, the environment, and disarmament to cultivate global perspectives.
Technological revolution costs and benefitsjwils165
The document discusses several areas of technology that have advanced and their associated benefits and drawbacks. It examines transportation, communication, space exploration, health care, and agriculture, noting how each has increased access, information, scientific knowledge, longevity and food production but also caused pollution, lack of privacy, high costs, genetic and ethical issues, and greater use of pollutants. Weaponry is mentioned as a deterrent but also risks getting into the wrong hands.
The document summarizes key events related to terrorism from 1972 to 2007. It begins by discussing the 1972 Munich Massacre where Palestinian terrorists took Israeli athletes hostage and killed 11 Israelis at the Olympics. It then outlines several major terrorist attacks including the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, the 1995 sarin gas attack in Tokyo subway, and the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Centers and Pentagon. The document concludes by describing Operation Enduring Freedom, the US military operation launched in 2001 against al-Qaeda and Taliban forces in Afghanistan and other regions.
1. 1
Big Era Seven
Industrialization
and
Its Consequences
1750-1914 CE
2. 2
A package! I
love
packages!
Contents
under
pressure…I
wonder
what’s
inside?
To: Mundo
CAUTION:
Contents Under
Pressure
3. 3
The Modern Revolution
Communication
Democratic
Fossil
Politics
Fuels
Revolution
To: Mundo
CAUTION:
Contents Under
Pressure
4. 4
The Modern Revolution
Quite a
package! But
how did these
changes get
all bundled up
together?
Communication
Revolution
Democratic
Politics
Fossil
Fuels
5. 5
For starters, in Big
Era Seven human
population was
increasing faster
than ever before!
7. 7
But the
World Population in
growth was
not equal
everywhere!
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1750 1850 1900
Millions
Big Era Seven
8. 8
World Population of People of European
Descent in Europe, the United States,
and Canada combined.
Year Population in
Millions
% of World
Population
1750 141 19.3
1850 292 25.0
1900 482 30.0
For example, the population of European
descent in these three regions grew
significantly between 1750 and 1900.
9. 9
Growth of the Population of
Boston
1690 - 7,000
1790 - 18,038
158%
1900 - 560,892
3,010%
10. 10
Not only was
the human
population
growing, it
was moving.
14. 14
Major Global Migrations
Europeans overseas
including
Siberia
1820-1930
55-60,000,000
Africans to the
Americas
1811-1870
1,900,000
Asians overseas
1850-1920
2,500,000
15. 15
But a growing
population
meant that
human need for
resources—for
energy—was
growing, too.
And humans
dealt with
this need by
using fossil
fuels. Watch!
18. 18
The Modern Revolution
To: Mundo
CAUTION:
Contents Under
Pressure
Communication
Revolution
Democratic
Politics
Fossil
Fuels
That’s in
the
Package!
19. 19
The Fossil Fuel Revolution
The biological old regime
ends when vast new sources
of energy come into use:
Coal
Electricity
Gas
Petroleum
Nuclear
20. 20
By taking
energy from
fossil fuels like
coal instead of
biomass like
wood…
21. 22
and with
better and
better steam
engines to
harness coal’s
energy…
22. 23
Power loom weaving
Lancashire, 1835
People could
produce more
efficiently.
23. 24
In Britain coal
mines were close to
factories and cities.
In China coal mines
were far from
factories and cities.
How might history
have been different
if the closest
sources of coal
available to Britain
were, say, in the
Carpathian
Mountains of
southeastern
Europe?
31. 33
Old limits on
how much
energy people
could use were
gone!
And in Big Era
Seven people
tore down
other limits
too…
32. 34
Adam Smith argued
for ideas like these in
his book The Wealth
of Nations (1776).
New economic ideas
• People should be
able to buy and
sell land freely.
• People should be
able to buy and
sell labor freely.
• People should be
able to buy and
sell goods freely.
33. 35
But what did
governments
need to do to
make these
ideas work?
Sounds
great!
New economic ideas
• People should be
able to buy and
sell land freely.
• People should be
able to buy and
sell labor freely.
• People should be
able to buy and
sell goods freely.
34. 36
Improve
public health.
Build railroads,
ports, and
telegraphs.
Standardize
weights and
measures.
36. 38
In Big Era
Seven,
government
played a greater
role than
ever before in
people’s lives.
And while that
happened,
people’s ideas
about
government
changed, too!
37. 39
Tom Paine argued for
these ideas in
Common Sense
(1775)
New political ideas:
•People should be
free to choose their
government.
•Government
should protect
people’s liberties.
•People should
have equal rights.
38. 40
Sounds
democratic!
New political ideas
•A nation should be
free to choose its
government.
•Government
should protect
people’s liberties.
•People should
have equal rights.
39. Communication
41
The Modern Revolution
Revolution
To:
Mundo
CAUTION:
Contents Under
Pressure
Democratic
Politics
Fossil
Fuels
It’s in
the
package
too!
40. 42
Governments
created
representative
institutions.
Governments
wrote
constitutions.
Governments
promoted
education.
41. 43
French National
Assembly
1789
United States
Constitution
1787
Ottoman Turkish Regulations for
Public Education 1869
42. 44
What happened if
governments
wouldn’t make
these changes
themselves?
43. 45
Change the
government!
The Atlantic
Revolutions
United
States 1776
France
1789
Venezuela
Haiti 1791 1811
44. 46
In each
country,
people
struggled
over liberty,
equality, and
nationalism.
United
States 1776
France
1789
Venezuela
Haiti 1791 1811
46. 48
Ascendancy of Liberalism
Are the political and economic tendencies in
these two boxes compatible or inconsistent?
• Rational thought and
behavior
• Civil freedoms and legal
equality
• Rule of law
• Constitutional and limited
government
• The right to vote and be
educated
• Technical and scientific
progress
• Free market economy
• Nationalism that
advances the community
of nations
• Enhancement of state
power and centralization
• Increased state military
and police power
• State-managed social
welfare
• More efficient taxation
• State economic
management
• Larger-scale economic
enterprise
• Imperial conquest and
authoritarian rule over
colonized
• Exclusivist or xenophobic
nationalism
47. 49
Were these four 19th-century
leaders champions of Liberalism?
Napoleon
Bonaparte
1799-1815
William
Gladstone
1868-94
Mahmud II
1808-1839
Porfirio Díaz
1876-1911
48. 50
So much
was
changing
so fast…
How could
people
keep up?
50. 52
The
Steamboat Railroad
Communication
Revolution
Newspaper Transatlantic cable
51. 53
The Speed Revolution
One hour of optimum travel:
Walking - 5 km
Horse-drawn coach - 10 km
Railway locomotive (1847) -
96 km
Normannia steamship (1890) -
40 km
French rapid train - 297 km
Jet plane - 1000 km
55. 57
The Modern Revolution
Communication
Revolution
To:
Mundo
CAUTION:
Contents Under
Pressure
Democratic
Politics
Fossil
Fuels
Communication!
It’s in the
package!
56. 58
The Modern Revolution meant
powerful economic growth in the
$3,000,000.00
$2,500,000.00
$2,000,000.00
$1,500,000.00
$1,000,000.00
$500,000.00
$0.00
world as a whole.
1700 1820 1870 1913
World Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) in Dollars
as valued in 1990
57. 59
Powerful
, but not
equal.
The countries
which
modernized
first used it to
their
advantage.
58. 60
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
The Modern Revolution shifted the
world’s economic center.
1700 1820 1870 1913
Eur./N.A
Asia
Percentage of World GDP
Western Europe and North America vs. Asia
59. 61
After the Modern Revolution, much more
food went on the world market…
India, 1877
60. 62
and it was often shipped to where
it got the highest price,
India, 1877
62. 64
And industrial
technology
could be used
not only to
create, but to
destroy.
63. 65
And more of the world was colonized
than ever before.
64. 66
Battle of Omdurman, Sudan, 1898
Sudanese dead, 10,000
British dead, 48
65. 67
The European Moment
Land surface of the world
controlled by Europeans:
•1800 35%
•1878 67%
•1914 88%
But . . . duration of European world
domination in the past 2000 years:
80
yrs
66. 68
Some elites
around the
world tried to
adopt parts of
the Modern
Revolution to
strengthen
Egypt Japan
their own
governments.
Russia Mexico
67. 69
Modernize the
army.
Modernize the
Egypt Japan
economy.
Maintain
independence.
Russia Mexico
68. 70
The Modern Revolution
To:
Mundo
CAUTION:
Contents Under
Pressure
Communication
Revolution
Democratic
Politics
Fossil
Fuels
But the
Modern
Revolution
comes in a
package!
69. 71
Once you
open the
package,
you open
the whole
thing!
The Modern Revolution
Communication
Democratic
Fossil
Politics
Fuels
Revolution
To: Mundo
CAUTION:
Contents Under
Pressure
70. 72
People who
traveled to learn
about one part of
the Modern
Revolution, like
fossil fuels,….
71. 73
also learned about the
democratic part of the
Modern Revolution.
72. 74
And they didn’t keep the ideas
to themselves. They
communicated them, because it
was all part of the package.
73. 75
And powerful
elites who wanted
to modernize in
some ways did not
count on people
demanding the
democratic part of
the package.
74. 76
The Modern Revolution
To:
Mundo
CAUTION:
Contents Under
Pressure
Communication
Revolution
Democratic
Politics
Fossil
Fuels
I get
it!
Jefferson: http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/tj3.html
Danton: Encyclopedia Americana 1999 v. 8 p. 491
Toussaint L’Ouverture: www.cobblestonepub.com/.../ ToussaintArticle.html
Bolívar: Encyclopedia Americana, v. 4 (1999), p. 161
Jefferson: http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/tj3.html
Danton: Encyclopedia Americana 1999 v. 8 p. 491
Toussaint L’Ouverture: www.cobblestonepub.com/.../ ToussaintArticle.html
Bolívar: Encyclopedia Americana, v. 4 (1999), p. 161
Source: Vaclav Smil, Energy in World History, 238.
Chart data adapted from Angus Maddison, The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (Paris: Development Centre of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001), 261.
Chart data adapted from Angus Maddison, The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (Paris: Development Centre of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001), 263.
Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World (New York: Verso, 2001), 45.
Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World (New York: Verso, 2001), 45.
Mike Davis, Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World (New York: Verso, 2001), 52.
Meiji: http://perso.club-internet.fr/setzer/tokugawa/images/meiji.jpg
Aleksander II: http://www.pbs.org/weta/faceofrussia/timeline/1800/img/1861.jpg.
Porfirio Díaz: Encyclopedia Britannica Micropedia 15th ed., v. 4 (2002), p. 70
Muhammad Ali: unknown
Meiji: http://perso.club-internet.fr/setzer/tokugawa/images/meiji.jpg
Aleksander II: http://www.pbs.org/weta/faceofrussia/timeline/1800/img/1861.jpg.
Porfirio Díaz: Encyclopedia Britannica Micropedia 15th ed., v. 4 (2002), p. 70
Muhammad Ali: unknown
British Factory: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/history/core/pics/0253/img0053.jpg
Japanese Factory: Bentley v. 2 p. 866
Clermont: http://www.mscb.ch/dampf/bilder/clermont.jpg
Rocket: http://www.sdrm.org/history/timeline/rocket-1.jpg
Jefferson: http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/tj3.html
Danton: Encyclopedia Americana 1999 v. 8 p. 491
Toussaint L’Ouverture: www.cobblestonepub.com/.../ ToussaintArticle.html
Bolívar: Encyclopedia Americana, v. 4 (1999), p. 161
Clermont: http://www.mscb.ch/dampf/bilder/clermont.jpg
Rocket: http://www.sdrm.org/history/timeline/rocket-1.jpg
Newspaper: http://memory.loc.gov/pnp/fsa/8d22000/8d22600/8d22696u.tif
Transatlantic cable: D. Christian’s Industrial Rev. ppt from Big History Course
Meiji: http://perso.club-internet.fr/setzer/tokugawa/images/meiji.jpg
Aleksander II: http://www.pbs.org/weta/faceofrussia/timeline/1800/img/1861.jpg.
Porfirio Díaz: Encyclopedia Britannica Micropedia 15th ed., v. 4 (2002), p. 70
Muhammad Ali: unknown