Slideshare (lesson # 6b)tauheed-course-(batch-january-2014)-shirk&taghut-19-march-2014

Using curriculum he has developed especially for English-speakingUsing curriculum he has developed especially for English-speaking
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LESSON
“INTRODUCTION TO STUDY OF
TAUHEED – (AQA’ID) ”
Intermediate Level Islamic course in English for AdultsIntermediate Level Islamic course in English for Adults
conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismailconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail
Updated 19 March 2014Updated 19 March 2014
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[JANUARY-MAY
2014]
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WHAT IS “WHAT IS “SHIRKSHIRK” ?” ?
HOW IDOL WORSHIP STARTEDHOW IDOL WORSHIP STARTED

TO CONTINUE FROM PREVIOUSTO CONTINUE FROM PREVIOUS

TAUTAUHHEED AL-ULUHIYYAHEED AL-ULUHIYYAH : To assert that only: To assert that only AllahAllah alone is the Godalone is the God
((al-ilaahal-ilaah), we must first reject any other (false deities which people), we must first reject any other (false deities which people
may ascribe) to be God.may ascribe) to be God.
““LAA-ILAA-HA -IL-LALLAH”LAA-ILAA-HA -IL-LALLAH”
NOTE:NOTE:
In this statement it contains 2 aspects:In this statement it contains 2 aspects:
[1][1] NAFINAFI – Negation– Negation
[2][2] ITSBATITSBAT - Affirmation- Affirmation
PREVIOUS LESSON

This statement ofThis statement of TAUTAUHHEEDEED in Islam is concise, yet explicit and clear, asin Islam is concise, yet explicit and clear, as
it firstly removes any ambiguity by negating all ‘it firstly removes any ambiguity by negating all ‘othersothers’ which mankind’ which mankind
may have erroneously regarded as god (gods or goddesses), prior tomay have erroneously regarded as god (gods or goddesses), prior to
asserting that Allah SWT is the Only God.asserting that Allah SWT is the Only God.
PREVIOUS LESSON

If the negation aspect is not done, our notion of the Absolute OnenessIf the negation aspect is not done, our notion of the Absolute Oneness
of Allah, indeed, would be compromised.of Allah, indeed, would be compromised.
Without which,Without which, syncretismsyncretism ( combining different and contradictory( combining different and contradictory
beliefs of other religion with Islam ), may occur.beliefs of other religion with Islam ), may occur.
PREVIOUS LESSON

This “This “negation-assertionnegation-assertion” process, teaches us Muslims that, to be” process, teaches us Muslims that, to be
worshippers or devotees (‘worshippers or devotees (‘AABIDAABID) of Allah, we must also be wary of) of Allah, we must also be wary of
every falsehood, which we are to consciously negate or deny, in orderevery falsehood, which we are to consciously negate or deny, in order
to assert (purely and sincerely) the Truth of the Absolute Oneness ofto assert (purely and sincerely) the Truth of the Absolute Oneness of
Allah.Allah.
PREVIOUS LESSON

TAUTAUHHEEDEED in Allah SWT must be opposed toin Allah SWT must be opposed to SHIRKSHIRK
OnlyOnly ALLAH aloneALLAH alone is to be regarded as God (is to be regarded as God (DivineDivine)),, whilst all otherswhilst all others
are termedare termed ““TAGHUTTAGHUT.”.”
PREVIOUS LESSON

Therefore to have the knowledge ofTherefore to have the knowledge of what opposes TAUwhat opposes TAUHHEEDEED is alsois also
necessary (obligatory).necessary (obligatory).
We shall have to also learn to identify what are the “We shall have to also learn to identify what are the “TAGHUTTAGHUT “ and“ and
what constitute “what constitute “SHIRKSHIRK””, so that we can avoid them all., so that we can avoid them all.
PREVIOUS LESSON

PREVIOUS LESSON

The term “The term “ “ pronounce ‘“ pronounce ‘SHIRKSHIRK’ – means “’ – means “partner;partner;
associate; one who shares; etcassociate; one who shares; etc.”.”
Therefore in Islam we refer this to the sin of :Therefore in Islam we refer this to the sin of :
““associating or ascribing to Allah others, as partnersassociating or ascribing to Allah others, as partners .”.”
““falsely setting up or ascribing partners tofalsely setting up or ascribing partners to
God from amongst the tangible objects orGod from amongst the tangible objects or
imaginary things in creation or conceived inimaginary things in creation or conceived in
the mind, which they regard to be alsothe mind, which they regard to be also
‘Divine’ and directing to it, as object of their‘Divine’ and directing to it, as object of their
worship (worship (MA’BUDMA’BUD).”).”
PREVIOUS LESSON

Traditionally, it is divided into 2 major categories:
[1] SHIRK AL-’AZEEM (AKBAR)
“Greater shirk” – an obvious, clear-cut association; the belief in other
‘deities’ , or supernatural force, or beings etc. apart from Allah,
believed to be possessing divine powers, or regarded to be
independent of Allah.
PREVIOUS LESSON

Traditionally, it is divided into 2 major categories:
[2] SHIRK AL-ASHGHAR or KHAFIY
““Lesser (small) Shirk”Lesser (small) Shirk” oror “Hidden”“Hidden” – it pertains to what a Muslim’s– it pertains to what a Muslim’s
objective, focus or intended reason behind his/her acts ofobjective, focus or intended reason behind his/her acts of
devotional worship, sacrifice, vows, etc. – i.e. what may affect hisdevotional worship, sacrifice, vows, etc. – i.e. what may affect his
original intention formulated which, inoriginal intention formulated which, in ‘IBAADAH‘IBAADAH, it must be, it must be
‘sincerely done for Allah’s sake alone.’ (‘sincerely done for Allah’s sake alone.’ (IKHLASwIKHLASw).).
Example, specificallyExample, specifically: ‘Doing or not doing: ‘Doing or not doing ‘IBADAH‘IBADAH only to be seen byonly to be seen by
people – i.e. showing off, or ostentation -(people – i.e. showing off, or ostentation -(RIYA’RIYA’ ))
PREVIOUS LESSON

““Verily, what I fear most that may afflict all of you isVerily, what I fear most that may afflict all of you is
the smallthe small SHIRKSHIRK – which is -– which is - AR-RIYA’AR-RIYA’
(showing off or ostentation in ‘ibaadah)”(showing off or ostentation in ‘ibaadah)”
((Hadith reported by AhmadHadith reported by Ahmad))
PREVIOUS LESSON

““TheThe SHIRKSHIRK within my ummah is more hidden (subtle) thanwithin my ummah is more hidden (subtle) than
a black ant crawling on a black rock,a black ant crawling on a black rock,
in the darkness of the night”in the darkness of the night”
((Hadith reported by Ahmad, Tabarani & Abu Ya’laHadith reported by Ahmad, Tabarani & Abu Ya’la))
PREVIOUS LESSON

TO CONTINUE FROM PREVIOUSTO CONTINUE FROM PREVIOUS

ALLAH’S WARNING REGARDING VARIOUS TYPES OF SHIRKALLAH’S WARNING REGARDING VARIOUS TYPES OF SHIRK
““Now if they embark on a boat, they call on Allah (Now if they embark on a boat, they call on Allah (make Du’amake Du’a),),
making their devotion sincerely (and exclusively) to Him; butmaking their devotion sincerely (and exclusively) to Him; but
when He had delivered them safely to (dry) land, beholdwhen He had delivered them safely to (dry) land, behold, they, they
give a sharegive a share (of their worship to others)!”(of their worship to others)!”
((Qur’an: Ankabut: 29: 65Qur’an: Ankabut: 29: 65))

““They take theirThey take their priests and their anchorites to bepriests and their anchorites to be
theirtheir lords in derogation of Allahlords in derogation of Allah, and (they take as, and (they take as
their Lord -their Lord - RobbRobb)) Christ the son of MaryChrist the son of Mary;;
Yet they were commanded to worship but one Allah:Yet they were commanded to worship but one Allah:
there is no god but He.there is no god but He.
Praise and glory to Him: (far is He) from that whichPraise and glory to Him: (far is He) from that which
they ascribe as partner (unto Him)!”they ascribe as partner (unto Him)!”
((Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 31Qur’an: Taubah: 9: 31))

““Say: "Verily my Lord hath guided me to a way that isSay: "Verily my Lord hath guided me to a way that is
straight― a religion of right―straight― a religion of right― the path (trod) by Abraham thethe path (trod) by Abraham the
true in Faith, and he (certainly) joined not gods with Allahtrue in Faith, and he (certainly) joined not gods with Allah.”.”
(Qur’an : An’am: : 6: 161(Qur’an : An’am: : 6: 161))

Say: "Truly, my prayer and my service of sacrifice, mySay: "Truly, my prayer and my service of sacrifice, my
life and my death arelife and my death are (all) for Allah(all) for Allah, the Cherisher of the, the Cherisher of the
Worlds: No partner hath He (Worlds: No partner hath He (LAA SHARII-KALAHULAA SHARII-KALAHU) :) :
this am I commanded, and I am the first of those whothis am I commanded, and I am the first of those who
bow to His Will (bow to His Will (MUSLIMEENMUSLIMEEN).).
(Qur’an : An’am: : 6: 162(Qur’an : An’am: : 6: 162))

“Yet there are menYet there are men who take (for worship) otherswho take (for worship) others
besides Allah, as equalbesides Allah, as equal (with Allah);(with Allah); they love themthey love them
as they should love Allahas they should love Allah. But those of faith are. But those of faith are
overflowing in their love for Allah. If only theoverflowing in their love for Allah. If only the
unrighteous could see, behold, they would see theunrighteous could see, behold, they would see the
Punishment: that to Allah belongs all power, andPunishment: that to Allah belongs all power, and
Allah will strongly enforce the Punishment.”Allah will strongly enforce the Punishment.”
(Qur’an : Baqarah: : 2: 165(Qur’an : Baqarah: : 2: 165))

They say: "(Allah) Most Gracious has begotten a son!" Indeed
ye have put forth a thing most monstrous! At it the skies are
ready to burst, the earth to split asunder, and the mountains to
fall down in utter ruin, that they should invoke a son for (Allah)
Most Gracious. For it is not consonant with the majesty of
(Allah) Most Gracious that He should beget a son. Not one of
the beings in the heavens and the earth but must come to
(Allah) Most Gracious as a servant. ”
(Qur’an: Maryam: 19: 66-93)

““Hence, [O man,] set thy face steadfastly towards the [true]Hence, [O man,] set thy face steadfastly towards the [true]
faith,faith, turning away from all that is false,turning away from all that is false, andand be not amongbe not among
those who ascribe divinity to aught beside Allahthose who ascribe divinity to aught beside Allah..
Thus, do not invoke (Thus, do not invoke (DU’ADU’A ** ), side by side with Allah,), side by side with Allah,
anything that can neither benefit thee nor harm thee: for,anything that can neither benefit thee nor harm thee: for,
behold, if thou do it, thou wilt surely be among thebehold, if thou do it, thou wilt surely be among the
evildoers!”evildoers!”
(Qur’an : Yunus: : 10: 105-106(Qur’an : Yunus: : 10: 105-106))
** Meaning supplication as inMeaning supplication as in ‘IBADAH‘IBADAH

““He is the Ever-Living; there is no deity except Him, soHe is the Ever-Living; there is no deity except Him, so
((FAD-’UUHUFAD-’UUHU **) call upon Him, [being] sincere to Him in) call upon Him, [being] sincere to Him in
religion. [All] praise is [due] to Allah, Lord of the worlds.religion. [All] praise is [due] to Allah, Lord of the worlds.
Say, [O Muhammad], "Say, [O Muhammad], "Indeed, I have been forbidden toIndeed, I have been forbidden to
worship those you call uponworship those you call upon ((TAD-’UUNATAD-’UUNA **)) besidesbesides
Allah once the clear proofs have come to me from myAllah once the clear proofs have come to me from my
LordLord, and I have been commanded to submit to the Lord, and I have been commanded to submit to the Lord
of the worlds.”of the worlds.”
((Qur’an: Ghafir: 40: 65-66Qur’an: Ghafir: 40: 65-66))** Meaning supplication as inMeaning supplication as in ‘IBADAH‘IBADAH

““AD-DU’AAD-DU’A (Supplication) is the marrow (essence) of(Supplication) is the marrow (essence) of
AL-‘IBADAHAL-‘IBADAH (worship, servitude).”(worship, servitude).”
((Hadith reported by BukharyHadith reported by Bukhary))

““AD-DU’AAD-DU’A (Supplication) is (itself)(Supplication) is (itself)
AL-‘IBADAHAL-‘IBADAH (worship, servitude).”(worship, servitude).”
((Hadith reported by TirmidziHadith reported by Tirmidzi))

Thus these are as in the following:
Shirk – setting up of other independent entities as partners to Allah,
as what is done by the pagan idol worshippers. This could be in their
believing in that Allah SWT as having partnership in matters of
exclusive :
[1] Creatorship (KHALIQQIYYAH)
[2] Lordship [RUB-BUBIYYAH]
Even, by acknowledging a rivalry to Allah – as in some culture whoEven, by acknowledging a rivalry to Allah – as in some culture who
blasphemously places Satan on this pedestal; or theblasphemously places Satan on this pedestal; or the Ahura MazdaAhura Mazda
versusversus Angra Mainyu (Good vs Evil)Angra Mainyu (Good vs Evil) of the Zoroastrian belief; etc.of the Zoroastrian belief; etc.

Thus these are as in the following:Thus these are as in the following:
ShirkShirk – of attributing falsehood to concept of Divinity [– of attributing falsehood to concept of Divinity [ULUHIYYAHULUHIYYAH] -] -
as though ‘Godhead’ can be divisible with their false notion of itas though ‘Godhead’ can be divisible with their false notion of it
being Triune (as in Christian’s doctrine); or believing in thebeing Triune (as in Christian’s doctrine); or believing in the
reincarnation or in-dwelling (reincarnation or in-dwelling (HULULHULUL //ITTIHADITTIHAD) of God in creation.) of God in creation.
ShirkShirk – attributing Allah with anthropomorphism, conceiving Him as– attributing Allah with anthropomorphism, conceiving Him as
having forms, limited by space, time etc. [having forms, limited by space, time etc. [SIFAAT - WA - ASMA’SIFAAT - WA - ASMA’]]
ShirkShirk - setting up intermediaries and directing worship to it, alleging- setting up intermediaries and directing worship to it, alleging
that they have divine authority to gaining nearness to Allah SWT.that they have divine authority to gaining nearness to Allah SWT.
ShirkShirk – exclusive obedience (– exclusive obedience (TA’ATTA’AT) to others besides Allah SWT) to others besides Allah SWT
alone.alone.

Thus these are as in the following:
Shirk – blindly imitating others in their worship of their MA’BUD (object or
entities of which they direct their worship to) as in condoning them.
Shirk – in believing that the natural causes (ASBAB), as being absolute and
independent of Allah’s control.
Shirk – in doing specific religious devotions (‘IBADAH KHUSUSIYAH) which
are to be done solely (sincerely) for Allah SWT – viz. Swolah, fasting, vows,
pilgrimage, Du’a, animal sacrifice, etc. but instead done for other purposes
e.g. RIYA’, NIFAQ – or done with sinister motive of fulfilling a condition in
doing SIHIR (magic / sorcery).

““Verily, what I fear most that may afflict all of you isVerily, what I fear most that may afflict all of you is
the smallthe small SHIRKSHIRK – which is -– which is - AR-RIYA’AR-RIYA’
(showing off or ostentation in ‘ibaadah)”(showing off or ostentation in ‘ibaadah)”
((Hadith reported by AhmadHadith reported by Ahmad))
REMEMBER OUR PROPHET’S CONCERNREMEMBER OUR PROPHET’S CONCERN

““TheThe SHIRKSHIRK within my ummah is more hidden (subtle) thanwithin my ummah is more hidden (subtle) than
a black ant crawling on a black rock,a black ant crawling on a black rock,
in the darkness of the night”in the darkness of the night”
((Hadith reported by Ahmad, Tabarani & Abu Ya’laHadith reported by Ahmad, Tabarani & Abu Ya’la))
REMEMBER OUR PROPHET’S CONCERNREMEMBER OUR PROPHET’S CONCERN

“From Ibnu ‘Abbas r.a. regarding Allah’s verse :From Ibnu ‘Abbas r.a. regarding Allah’s verse :
"And they have said (to each other) ‘Abandon not your gods;"And they have said (to each other) ‘Abandon not your gods;
abandon neither Wadd nor Suwa, neither Yaguth, norabandon neither Wadd nor Suwa, neither Yaguth, nor
Ya-’uq, nor Nasr―”Ya-’uq, nor Nasr―”
((Qur’an: Nuh: 70: 23Qur’an: Nuh: 70: 23))

“Ibnu ‘Abbas r.a. said : These (the idols) were named after theirIbnu ‘Abbas r.a. said : These (the idols) were named after their
righteous (pious) people who had lived after Prophet Nuh a.s. era.”righteous (pious) people who had lived after Prophet Nuh a.s. era.”
““After their death, Satan instigated their followers to erect statuesAfter their death, Satan instigated their followers to erect statues
at places where they used to worship (Allah), and to then namedat places where they used to worship (Allah), and to then named
these statues with their names.”these statues with their names.”

““Which their followers then erected, but they did not worship theseWhich their followers then erected, but they did not worship these
statues.”statues.”
“When the first generation all died, they were replaced by
subsequent generation who were ignorant, and had forgotten the
knowledge of the earlier generation.
Thence forth, they began to direct their worship to these idolsThence forth, they began to direct their worship to these idols
(thereby, committed(thereby, committed SHIRKSHIRK).).

Thus, we can discern that the primary cause ofThus, we can discern that the primary cause of SHIRKSHIRK is ignoranceis ignorance
i.e. when they imitated blindly (i.e. when they imitated blindly (TAQLEEDTAQLEED)) rituals in their worshiprituals in their worship
to Allah and blindly followto Allah and blindly follow aspects of beliefaspects of belief without knowledgewithout knowledge
thereby opening themselves to Satan’s entrapment.thereby opening themselves to Satan’s entrapment.
Thus we are warned by Allah SWT :Thus we are warned by Allah SWT :

Thus, we can discern that the primary cause ofThus, we can discern that the primary cause of SHIRKSHIRK is ignoranceis ignorance
i.e. when they imitated blindly (i.e. when they imitated blindly (TAQLEEDTAQLEED)) rituals in their worshiprituals in their worship
to Allah and blindly followto Allah and blindly follow aspects of beliefaspects of belief without knowledgewithout knowledge
thereby opening themselves to Satan’s entrapment.thereby opening themselves to Satan’s entrapment.
Thus we are warned by Allah SWT :Thus we are warned by Allah SWT :
““And pursue not that of which you have no knowledge; for everyAnd pursue not that of which you have no knowledge; for every
act of hearing, or of seeing or of feeling (in your heart-mind) willact of hearing, or of seeing or of feeling (in your heart-mind) will
be enquired into (on the Day of Reckoning).”be enquired into (on the Day of Reckoning).”
((Qur’an: Isra’: 17: 36Qur’an: Isra’: 17: 36))

The Messenger of Allah (s.a.a.w.) said, "ReciteThe Messenger of Allah (s.a.a.w.) said, "Recite
these words: “(O Allah! Creator of the heavens andthese words: “(O Allah! Creator of the heavens and
the earth! Knower of the hidden and the exposed!the earth! Knower of the hidden and the exposed!
Robb (Lord, Sustainer) of everything and every one.Robb (Lord, Sustainer) of everything and every one.
I bear witness that none has the right to beI bear witness that none has the right to be
worshipped but You. I seek Your Protection fromworshipped but You. I seek Your Protection from
the evil of my own self from the evil of Satan andthe evil of my own self from the evil of Satan and
from the evil of Shirk (to which he calls)."‘from the evil of Shirk (to which he calls)."‘
((Hadith reported by Abu Dawud and TirmidziHadith reported by Abu Dawud and Tirmidzi))

Thus, holdfast to myThus, holdfast to my SunnahSunnah (ways or teachings) and(ways or teachings) and
thethe SunnahSunnah (ways) of my rightly-guided successors(ways) of my rightly-guided successors
((Khulafa’ rashidunKhulafa’ rashidun) after me, and bite upon them (hold) after me, and bite upon them (hold
tightly to this teaching). Avoid new (innovated)tightly to this teaching). Avoid new (innovated)
matters, for (matters, for (KULLKULL))** every innovation (every innovation (BID’AHBID’AH) is) is
misguidance (misguidance (DDOLALAHOLALAH).”).”
((Hadith from Jabir r.a. reported by Abu Dawud and Tirmidzi)Hadith from Jabir r.a. reported by Abu Dawud and Tirmidzi)
* Term “every” used here must mean “most”* Term “every” used here must mean “most”

The word - - ( al-BID’AH) in Arabic means “Introduction
or creating something totally new without there being any
precedence before it”. Thus Allah SWT said:
““To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the earth”To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the earth”
((Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 117Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 117))
ADDENDUMADDENDUM

ADDENDUMADDENDUM
 Islamic scholars of FIQH differ as to what this term encompasses -
vis-á-vis “SUNNAH”. Thus, there are some who are strictly rigid in
their definition and regard, everything not specifically done by the
Prophet s.a.a.w. to be all “BID’AH ” – therefore to them, all are
these regarded as reprehensible and rejected.
 However, the majority Islamic scholars do not reject everything new
i.e. “BID’AH ” as reprehensible, but accept certain innovation which,
although not specifically done by the Prophet s.a.a.w., yet it has
valid SHAR’IAH basis – i.e. it is only ‘new’ in the specific, the type,
detail or method, but still manifesting the principles already
established by Qur’an and As-Sunnah.

 Thus difference of opinion occur when Muslims respond to these
questions:
“Are all BID’AH detested and disallowed (forbidden)?”
“Can BID’AH be categorised as BID’AH HASSANAH (good innovation)
and BID’AH SAY-YI’AH (bad or reprehensible innovation)?”
“Are there any other ways of categorization of BID’AH adopted by
Islamic scholars of the SHARI’AH ? ”
ADDENDUMADDENDUM

ADDENDUMADDENDUM

““To proceed, verily the most truthful of sayingsTo proceed, verily the most truthful of sayings
is the Book of Allah, and the most favored ofis the Book of Allah, and the most favored of
guidance is the guidance of Muhammad, and theguidance is the guidance of Muhammad, and the
most evil of affairs (most evil of affairs (SHAR-RAL-’UMURSHAR-RAL-’UMUR) are matters) are matters
newly begun (newly begun (MUMUHHDAATHUHADAATHUHA), and every new), and every new
affairs is innovation (affairs is innovation (BID’AHBID’AH), and (), and (KULLKULL)) **everyevery
innovation (innovation (BID’AHBID’AH) is misguidance () is misguidance (DDOLAALAHOLAALAH),),
and every misguidance will be in Hell-fire.”and every misguidance will be in Hell-fire.”
((Hadith from Jabir r.a. reported by MuslimHadith from Jabir r.a. reported by Muslim))
ADDENDUMADDENDUM
* Term “every” used here must mean “most”* Term “every” used here must mean “most”

 In thisIn this Hadith,Hadith, since the phrase (since the phrase (MUMUHHDAATHUHADAATHUHA) “) “newly begunnewly begun
mattersmatters” comes after phrase asserting the pre-eminence of the Qur’an” comes after phrase asserting the pre-eminence of the Qur’an
andand as-Sunnahas-Sunnah, it imply that the “, it imply that the “ newnew ” here is regarding any matter” here is regarding any matter
which is completely detached from or opposed to these two.which is completely detached from or opposed to these two.
 Although the Arabic term for “Although the Arabic term for “ (all)(all) ” literally means “” literally means “everyevery””
yet it can also be used to mean “yet it can also be used to mean “mostlymostly “ as for this“ as for this HaHadithdith. And the. And the
general term “general term “BID’AH ”BID’AH ” meaning “meaning “innovationinnovation (which is reprehensible)”(which is reprehensible)”
must be understood to be referringmust be understood to be referring only toonly to those new mattersthose new matters
(innovation)(innovation) that does not have anythat does not have any SHARI’AHSHARI’AH basis at all, or withoutbasis at all, or without
any religious sanctions regarding its validity and permissibility.any religious sanctions regarding its validity and permissibility.
ADDENDUMADDENDUM

 Unfortunately, there are some who still insist that the “all ” here
must mean “every” new matter where the Prophet s.a.a.w. has never
done or known to have specifically approved. Thus they often declare
others as being astray because of their rigid definition of “BID’AH”. But,
does the word ( KULL) used in Qur’an and Ahadith always
means “every” without exception ?
 Majority of Islamic scholars do not insist on this one rigid literal
interpretation. This is because there are exception in the Qur’an where
the term “KULL” used does not necessarily mean “every ”.
ADDENDUMADDENDUM

 This view has consistently been understood by Islamic scholars,
especially amongst Arabic linguists and Islamic scholars of Tafsir
(Science of Qur’anic commentaries). Those who differ regarding this
were rare, and usually such ‘odd’ interpretation has already been
refuted by reputable Islamic scholars in the past and even present.
 Unfortunately, this polemic has recently been revived – directed to
the ordinary Muslims, mostly who are non-Arabic speaking or non-
experts in the Arabic language. Thus, usually when translation from
Arabic to English are made literally as, “all ” or “every ”, it would
seem to mean “all without exception.” But is this understanding
Qur’anic?
ADDENDUMADDENDUM

 In the Qur’an and “Ahadith (As-Sunnah) ”, there are verses which
support this understanding - that the term (KULL) although
literally mean “all” or “every”, or when the term - (MAA)
literally meaning “whatever else“ – are used, they usually imply in the
general sense, which does not necessarily mean “absolutely all ”, as
though without exception.
 To insist only to the rigid literal specific meaning, may in fact be
opposed to and contradicting the correct Qur’anic usage.
 To illustrate, please reflect on these evidence:
ADDENDUMADDENDUM

““But when they forget the warning they had received, We opened to themBut when they forget the warning they had received, We opened to them
the gates ofthe gates of all (good) thingsall (good) things ((KULLI-SHAI’KULLI-SHAI’), until, in the midst of their), until, in the midst of their
enjoyment of Our gifts, on a sudden, We called them to account, when lo!enjoyment of Our gifts, on a sudden, We called them to account, when lo!
they were plunged in despair!” (they were plunged in despair!” (Qur’an: An-’am: 6: 44Qur’an: An-’am: 6: 44))
 Obviously here, one door of goodness (the exception), which was
not opened for them was the door of Mercy.
ONE TEXTUAL BASISONE TEXTUAL BASIS
ADDENDUMADDENDUM

“Have those who disbelieved not considered that the heavens and
the earth were a joined entity, and We separated them and made
from water every living thing (KULLA-SHAI’-IN HAYYI)? Then will they
not believe?” (Qur’an: Anbiya’: 21:
30) This “every living thing” obviously do not include the angels and
spirits whom Allah had created them from light and fire.
ANOTHER TEXTUAL BASISANOTHER TEXTUAL BASIS
ADDENDUMADDENDUM

“Indeed, you [disbelievers] and what (WA MAA) you worship other than
Allah are the firewood of Hell. You will be coming to [enter] it.”
(Qur’an: An-’am: 21: 98)
 If there is no exception to this “what … you worship”, then what
would happen to Prophet ‘Isa (Jesus) and his mother a.s. which
many Christians worship ?
ADDENDUMADDENDUM

““Destroying (Destroying (KULLA SHAY-IKULLA SHAY-I )everything by the command of its Lord, so)everything by the command of its Lord, so
they became such that naught could be seenthey became such that naught could be seen except their dwellingsexcept their dwellings..
Thus do We reward the guilty people.”Thus do We reward the guilty people.”
((Qur’an: Ahqaf: 46: 25Qur’an: Ahqaf: 46: 25))
 Obviously, the “everything (KULL) ” here is not absolutely all, but had
exceptions, for it did not include “their dwelling” (MASAA-KINUHUM).
WaAllaahu a’lamWaAllaahu a’lam
ADDENDUMADDENDUM

“O ye who believe! Obey Allah and obey the Messenger
and those charged with authority among you. If ye differ
in anything among yourselves, refer it to Allah and His
Messenger if ye do believe in Allah and the Last Day:
that is best, and most suitable for final determination.”
(Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 59)

“The first-principle ruling regarding formal worship
(rites) is by TAUQIF (reliance upon revelations) and
in following (obedience to the command).”

“The first-principle ruling regarding formal worship
(rites) is that it be deemed BAATwIL (invalid -
cannot be followed) until there is a clear proof
(basis) of its command.”

““Allah forgives not that partners should be set up with Him;Allah forgives not that partners should be set up with Him;
but He forgives anything else, to whom He pleases; to set upbut He forgives anything else, to whom He pleases; to set up
partners with Allah (partners with Allah (SHIRKSHIRK) is to devise a sin most heinous) is to devise a sin most heinous
indeed.indeed.
((Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 48Qur’an: An-Nisa’: 4: 48))

““Behold, Luqman said to his son admonishing him:Behold, Luqman said to his son admonishing him:
"O my son! Join not in worship (others) with Allah ("O my son! Join not in worship (others) with Allah (SHIRKSHIRK) :) :
for false worship (for false worship (SHIRKSHIRK) is indeed the highest wrong-) is indeed the highest wrong-
doing.“doing.“
((Qur’an: Luqman: 31: 13Qur’an: Luqman: 31: 13))

““Whoever joins other gods with Allah (Whoever joins other gods with Allah (SHIRKSHIRK) ―Allah will) ―Allah will
forbid him the Garden and the Fire will be his abode.forbid him the Garden and the Fire will be his abode.
There will for the wrong-doers be no one to help.”There will for the wrong-doers be no one to help.”
((Qur’an: Ma-idah: 5: 72Qur’an: Ma-idah: 5: 72))

““ .. if anyone assigns partners to Allah (.. if anyone assigns partners to Allah (SHIRKSHIRK) he is as if he) he is as if he
had fallen from heaven and been snatched up by birds orhad fallen from heaven and been snatched up by birds or
the wind had swooped (like a bird on its prey) and thrownthe wind had swooped (like a bird on its prey) and thrown
him into a far-distant place.”him into a far-distant place.”
((Qur’an: Hajj: 22: 31Qur’an: Hajj: 22: 31))

““ ... whoever expects to meet his Lord, let him work... whoever expects to meet his Lord, let him work
righteousness,righteousness, and in the worship of his Lordand in the worship of his Lord (‘(‘IBAADATI ROB-IBAADATI ROB-
BIHIBIHI) admit no one as partner () admit no one as partner (SHIRKSHIRK). “). “
((Qur’an: Kahfi: 18: 110Qur’an: Kahfi: 18: 110))

DU’A TAUGHT BY OUR PROPHET MUHAMMADDU’A TAUGHT BY OUR PROPHET MUHAMMAD
“O Allah! I seek refuge with You from committing SHIRK i.e. associating
others with You, knowingly, and I seek Your forgiveness from the
committing of the sins (of SHIRK) which I do not know.”
(Hadith reported by Ahmad, Tabarani & Abu Ya’la)
ALLAA-HUM-MA - IN-NEE – A –’UU-DZU-BIKA - MIN
AN - USH-RI-KA – BI-KA – SHAY-AN – WA –ANA –
A’-LAMU, WA –AS-TAGH-FIRU-KA –
MI-NADZ—DZAM - BIL– LADZII - LAA – A’-LAM

LAA- ILAA-HA- IL-LALLAAHU - WALAA- ILAA-HA- IL-LALLAAHU - WAHHDAHU –DAHU –
LAA – SHAREE-KA LAH, LAHUL-MULKU –LAA – SHAREE-KA LAH, LAHUL-MULKU –
WALAHUL-WALAHUL-HHAMD, WA-HUWA - ‘ALAAAMD, WA-HUWA - ‘ALAA
KUL-LI- SHAY -INQ- QADEER,KUL-LI- SHAY -INQ- QADEER,
““There is no god (none has the right to be worshipped) exceptThere is no god (none has the right to be worshipped) except
AllAllaah, alone, without partner, to Him belongs all sovereigntyh, alone, without partner, to Him belongs all sovereignty
and praise and He is All-Powerful over all things .”and praise and He is All-Powerful over all things .”
IMPORTANT DZIKRIMPORTANT DZIKR

IMPORTANT DU’AIMPORTANT DU’A
““O Allah! Make us see the Truth to be trueO Allah! Make us see the Truth to be true
and grant us ability to follow it.and grant us ability to follow it.
And make us see Falsehood to be false andAnd make us see Falsehood to be false and
grant us the ability to reject it.”grant us the ability to reject it.”
TO BE CONTINUEDTO BE CONTINUED
ALLAA-HUM-MA – ARI-NAL-HAQ-QA - HAQ-QAN
WAR- ZUQ-NAT - TI-BAA- ’A
WA-ARI-NAL – BAA-TWILA – BAA-TWI-LAAN
WAR-ZUQ-NAJ – TI –NAA - BAH

TO BE CONTINUEDTO BE CONTINUED

Slideshare (lesson # 6b)tauheed-course-(batch-january-2014)-shirk&taghut-19-march-2014

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