Slideshare (adab-2013)lesson#-11-adab-qur'an-inculcation-social-awareness-(21-dec-2013)

Topic for 21 December 2013

LESSON # 11

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,
MOST COMPASSIONATE,
MOST MERCIFUL.

FROM TASAWWUR ISLAM
‘A SOCIOLOGICAL PRESPECTIVE’

3RD RUN OF THE MODULE

started 24 August 2013

Arabic (plural) of Adab : meanings – “good breeding, decency,

nurture, good manners, refinement, cultured, decorum, courteous,
etiquette, propriety, social grace, to educate, discipline, the
humanities, etc.” sense of proportion and knowledge of their rightful
place in the order of things, the absence of which indicates injustice
All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2013)

UPDATED - 21 DECEMBER 2013

RECAP PREVIOUS LESSON

By retracing our life, we start with understanding
our basic nature as a human being - having
inherent powers and their potentialities to be
developed.



In our relationship regarding our Education – we
are to encounter, i.e. assisted by our educators with what is referred to as, “knowledge”.



Yet, we are born helpless and have to be cared,
nurtured, to be inculcated with discipline, taught and
developed by a Murabbi’ (EDUCATOR) – the first of
whom are our PARENTS.


Relationship with the Parents and Teacher
Beginning of
education:

[1] Tarbiyya pertains
to training of the soul
still attached to
desires, etc.

Obedience to Parents and teachers
TIME

KNOWLEDGE

TEACHERS

PARENTS
Teacher/Educator:

BODY

[1] Parent
[2] Teacher

Although ultimate is
Knowledge, (both
theoretical and
practical) – initial
disciplining, rote learning,
memorization, etc. may be
crucial.

SELF

TONGUE
MIND

HEART
DESIRE

Islam: to submit the entire

self (body, tongue, heart and
Mind) – Freeing it from desire
which needs to always be guided
to the Will of Allah.


THE WORLD

APPENDIX

ALLAH

RASULULLAH

AHLIL-BAYTIHI
ASHAABIHI

AL-QUR’AN

AS-SUNNAH
KNOWLEDGE

TEACHERS

PARENTS
BODY

SELF

TONGUE
MIND

HEART
DESIRE

6

APPENDIX

ALLAH
HEREAFTER

RASULULLAH

AHLIL-BAYTIHI
ASHAABIHI

AL-QUR’AN

AS-SUNNAH
TIME

KNOWLEDGE

TEACHERS

PARENTS
BODY

SELF

TONGUE
MIND

HEART
DESIRE

THE WORLD
7

External

Loss of Adab (B)

Internal

(A)

Confusion and Error in Knowledge

.




It is because of (A) the confusion and error in Knowledge that lead to
condition for
(B) The loss of Adab in the community. Both internally and externally.
9


(C)
Rise / election of
False leaders

External

Loss of Adab (B)

Internal

(A)

Figure 1

The condition arising out of (A) and (B) is:


(C) “The rise of leaders who are not qualified for valid leadership of the
Muslim Community, who do not possess the high moral, intellectual
and spiritual standards required for Islamic leadership..”
10


(C)

Rise / election of
False leaders

External

Loss of Adab (B)

Internal

(A)




[1]
[2]

“These false leaders then usurped Islamic leadership, who (then)
perpetuate the condition in (A) [1] above and ensure the continued
control of the affairs of the Community by leaders like them who
dominate in all fields.” [2]

The loss of Adab in the community. Thus restoration of Adab has higher priority for Adab precedes even learning.
Wan Mohd Nor Wan Daud’s “The Educational Philosophy and Practice of Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas” (ISTAC publication 1998) p 74

11

(C)

Rise / election of
False leaders

External

Loss of Adab (B)

Internal

(A)


“This state of perpetual confusion at all levels of societal
leadership is ingeniously termed by al-Attas as the loss of adab.
The loss of Adab in the community. Thus restoration of Adab has higher priority for Adab precedes even learning.
Wan Mohd Nor Wan Daud’s “The Educational Philosophy and Practice of Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas”
(ISTAC publication 1998) p 74
[1]

[2]

12



With the “loss of Adab”, even the knowledge of who the

true leaders and scholars is lost, and the confusion compounded.


Actually this confusion in knowledge can be corrected

through Education.
 Yet, education in man cannot be truly done without his
having basic “Adab” itself.
 Thus the importance of restoring the “Adab” in every
Muslim.
 It may even have to begin by correcting their misuse of
“terms” (istilah) and clarifying wrongly assumed “definition”
(ta’rifat) that may have caused whatever misunderstandings.
13


Prof. Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas :

“The learned and wise among Muslims must use constant
vigilance in detecting erroneous usage in language which
impinges upon semantic change in major key elements and
creates general confusion and error in the understanding of
Islam and of its worldview.”
Quote: “The Concept of Education in Islam” pp. 37-38


EPISTEMOLOGY

Thus, perspective of Education in Islam can be defined:
“... Recognition and acknowledgement, progressively instilled
into man, of the proper places of things in the order of
creation, such that it leads to the recognition and
acknowledgement of the proper place of God in the order of
being and existence.”

Quoted from: “The Educational Philosophy and Practice of
Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas” by Wan Mohd Nor
Wan Daud (ISTAC publication).

In other words, it is all about – “ADAB ”

“ …. it is very much related to the Islamic concept of Education for ADAB is recognition and acknowledgement of the Reality, and
knowing of one’s place in the order of things; capable of putting
the right thing in their rightful place, in their rightful manner;
rendering just due to whomsoever has the right, and in our
acquisition of rightful things to be in accordance with the right
proportion and under the right circumstance …. It is very closely
related to the Islamic concept of al-’Adl (the justice)*, the
upholding of which leads to TAQWA (the consciousness of Allah)”
Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail – course on “Islamic Concept of Adab”

* Including al-QISTw –higher form of justice (tampered with IHSAN)

ONLY FOR THOSE MEANT TO BE SUBDUED


APPENDIX

ALLAH
HEREAFTER

RASULULLAH

ASHAABIHI

AL-QUR’AN

AS-SUNNAH
HISTORY

TIME

KNOWLEDGE

ANCESTORS

AHLIL-BAYTIHI

SIBLINGS
CLASSMATES
FRIENDS

SELF
MIND

EMPLOYER/EMPLOYEE

AL-UMMAH

FELLOW MUSLIMS
NGO’s/GO’s

AD-DA’WAH
MUJAAHID

SPOUSE

TONGUE

CO-WORKERS

AL-‘ULAMA

TEACHERS

PARENTS
BODY

IMAM MADZAAHIB

NON-MUSLIMS

HEART

IN-LAWS

CHILDREN
HEALTH

DESIRE

WEALTH
STATUS
NEIGHBOURS

AMBITIONS

THE WORLD
18

WHAT SOME MAY BE STUDYING

Anthropology is the study of humankind, past and present,
that draws and builds upon knowledge from social
and biological sciences, as well as the humanities and
the natural sciences. It has been distinguished
from ethnology and from other social sciences by its emphasis
on cross-cultural comparisons, long-term in-depth examination
of context, and the importance it places on participantobservation or experiential immersion in the area of research.


Sociology is the study of human social behaviour collective
behaviour and its origins, development, organizations,
and institutions. It is a social science which uses various
methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to
develop a body of knowledge about human social
actions, social structure and functions.



Psychology is an academic and applied discipline that
involves the scientific study of mental functions
and behaviours. Psychology has the immediate goal of
understanding individuals and groups by both
establishing general principles and researching specific
cases, and by many accounts it ultimately aims to
benefit society.


“In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the
Especially Merciful.
[All] praise is [due] to Allah, Lord of the worlds - The
Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful, Sovereign
of the Day of Recompense. It is You we worship and
You we ask for help. Guide us to the straight path
- The path of those upon whom You have bestowed
favour, not of those who have evoked [Your] anger
or of those who are astray.”
(Qur’an: al-Fateha: 1: 1-7)

“Every child is born in a state of pure innocence ( FITWRAH),
It is the parents then who would make him to become
a Jew or a Christian or a Pagan.”
(Hadith reported by Bukhary)


“O YOU who have attained to faith! Ward off from
yourselves (i.e. save yourself) and those who are close
to you (AHLI-KUM) that fire [of the hereafter] whose
fuel is human beings and stones: [lording] over it are
angelic powers awesome [and] severe, who do not
disobey Allah in whatever He has commanded them,
but [always] do what they are bidden to do.”
(Qur’an: Tahrim: 66: 6)


AR
W

G
IN
N

“When people TATRUKU - leave (set aside) the affairs
of their DEEN – religion, because of their concern in
improving their worldly matters, then Allah will open
upon them much danger (harm).”
(Hadith reported by Ahmad)

Every tree begun from a seed, and would
grow in stages – from seedling into a plant
which from its onset develops several
important crucial components viz. Its roots,
its stems which then grow into trunk and
branches, its barks and leaves etc.
All of these has to be nurtured and let to
grow in tandem – as and when conditions
permits.
If any of these is neglected, or process for
their growth stymied to only allow one
component to be fully developed without
these others – then the tree may be harmed.

“People are like minerals, the best of them in Jahiliyah
will still be the best amongst them in Islam,
so long as they have proper (profound) understanding
(of this Deen).”
(Hadith reported by Bukhary, Muslim, Darimi and Ahmad)


Firstly, Islamic ranking of nobility in Islam is based upon the
concept of TAQWA.


Firstly, Islamic ranking of nobility in Islam is based upon the
concept of TAQWA.

“O mankind, indeed We have created you from
male and female and made you peoples and
tribes that you may know one another. Indeed,
the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the
most righteous of you (God-fearing : TAQWA).
Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted.”
(Qur’an: Hujurat: 49: 13)


AL-LADZEE-NA – YU’ – MI – NUU – NA –BIL - GHAYB
Who believe in the unseen,

WA-YU-QEE-MUU-NAS- SWO-LAA-TA
establish prayer (Swolah),

WA-MIM- MAA – RAZAQ-NAA-HUM – YUN-FI-QUU-N
and spend out of what We have provided for them,

QUR’AN: BAQARAH: 2: 2

NOTE:
The first criteria for attaining TAQWA is Faith/Belief – IIMAN –in the
unseen – AL-GHAYB; followed by being consistent in the establishment
of devotional prayer - AS-SWOLAH ; and his wealth and earnings are
meant to be spent to provide for others – as INFAAQ, ZAKAH,
SWODAQAH etc.
This therefore would potentially accommodate every Muslim, since
explicit in terms of fulfilling its basic Arkaan (ISLAM-IIMAN-IHSAN), is
obligatory and incumbent upon them all without exception.
Yet their degree and nobility ranking (attainment) are not necessarily
the same.

TASAWWUR ISLAM

LEVELS OF ATTAINMENT
TOWARDS HIGHER STATE OF

MUTTAQEEN

TAQWA

God-consciousness or Piety

IF NO EFFORT DONE TOWARDS STRIVING FOR HIGHER STATIONS,
A MUSLIM MAY END-UP BECOMING ....

MUSLIM

MUSRIFEEN
MUNAFEEQIN

Submission

FASIQEEN

ZOLIMEEN
MUJRIMEEN

GHOFILEEN
MUFSIDEEN

ETC.

TASAWWUR ISLAM

LEVELS OF ATTAINMENT
TOWARDS HIGHER STATE OF

MUTTAQEEN

TAQWA

God-consciousness or Piety
MAQOM AL-’ARIFEEN

MUKHLISWEEN
Sincerity

MUHSEEN

MAQOM AZ-ZUHUD

Best or righteous conduct

MU’MEEN

MAQOM AL-WARA’

Believer

MUSLIM

MAQOM AT-TAUBAH

Submission
MAQOM AL-ISLAM

WAL-LA-DZEE-NA – YU’ – MIN-NUU-NA
And who believe

BI-MAA – UN-ZI-LA – ILAY-KA
in what has been revealed to you, [O Muhammad],

WA – MAA- UN- ZI-LA – MINQ – QOB-LIKA
and what was revealed before you,

QUR’AN: BAQARAH: 2: 3-4

WA-BIL- AA – KHI – RA –TI – HUM – YUU – QI-NUU-N
and of the Hereafter they are certain [in faith].

ULAA-IKA – ‘ALAA – HU-DAM – MIR- ROB – BI-HIM
Those are upon [right] guidance from their Lord,

WA – ULAA – IKA – HU – MUL – MUF – LI- HUU-M
and it is those who are the successful.


The stress upon believing in the revelations is significant, as the
mere general acceptance (believe in the Books of Allah - as in the
article of Faith) must be continuously manifested and nurtured by
adhering to its detailed principle teachings – indeed a life-long
endeavor in learning and practicing.
It is interesting that when Allah bring up the particular belief in the
Revelations and Hereafter, the term YUU-QI-NUUN - is used – from
word YA-QEEN, meaning “conviction; having absolute certainty;
certitude; etc..”


It is then linked to the condition – (i.e.assurance), to those who strive
in gaining certitude (YAQEEN) through seeking knowledge of these
(‘ILM – TA’LEEM) and implementing by doing righteous deeds(‘ AMAL)
– that Allah SWT will put them upon the path of Guidance, thus
becoming people of the real success ( AL-MUF-LI-HUUN),
It is amazing that in fact, our –DU’A, as in Surah Al-Fatehah (IH-DINASSWIRAA-TwAL-MUS-TAQEEM) is herewith alluded to in response.
These are the important criteria, a prescription to which this entire
book (AL-QUR’AN) and the teachings of our Prophet Muhammad
s.a.a.w. (AD-DEEN-UL-ISLAM), will lead to our development as the
ultimate “good person” – raison d’être of Islamic education.


NOTE:
From the perspective of ADAB, we regard every people since his time
till judgment day, as belonging to the UMMAH (nation or community) of
our Prophet Muhammad s.a.a.w. - divided into 2 groupings:
[1] GHOYR-MUSLIM (Those upon whom the Message (RISAALAH) and
Call / invitation (DA’WAH) are to be made to).
[2] MUSLIM (Those who have accepted the Message and submitted or
embraced AL-ISLAM).
As for the term KAAFIR (‘Disbeliever’ or ‘Rejecter’), it should not be
callously applied – unless it fulfil the criteria which justify its usage.


The term ‘KAA-FIRUUN’ is from the word ‘KUFR’
derive from tri-lateral roots

which is

KAF-FA-RA -has meaning:

“to conceal, to cover, to reject, to disbelieve, to be thankless,
unthankful, ungrateful, to disown, deny, faithless, black horse,
dark night, tiller/farmer.”
Perhaps it should be noted that its primary meaning is to cover /
conceal (hence farmer), with active / conscious intent. From this, is
born: to reject/disbelieve because this is a conscious decision made by
a person. Please note one can only reject something after hearing /
seeing / experiencing it, not before.

The group GHOYR-MUSLIM (non-Muslim) can be broadly
categorized into the general grouping of – MUSH-RI-KUUN
(Polytheist, those who set up partners to Allah e.g. Paganism, etc.)
and the AHLUL-KITAAB (the People of the Book) – a categorization
conveniently associated to the creed or belief from which they are
from.
Yet in terms of what the person, individually or privately believe in,
whether he accepts truth or rejects truth, will determine whether
he/she remains a KAAFIR (Disbeliever) or not. We Muslims are to
convey and clarify to them the truth, as best as we can. Let their
attitude towards truth be the criteria against them.

Allah tells us:

“Those who (KAFARUU) disbelieved among the People of the
Scripture (AHLIL-KITAB) and the polytheists (MUSHRIKEEN) were
not to be parted [from misbelief] until there came to them clear
evidence –”
(Qur’an: Bayyinat: 98: 1)

Regarding the People of the Book, Allah SWT says :



“Indeed, those who believed (AAMANU) and those who
were Jews or Christians or Sabeans [before Prophet
Muhammad] - those [among them] who believed in
Allah and the Last Day and did righteousness - will have
their reward with their Lord, and no fear will there be
concerning them, nor will they grieve.”
(Qur’an: Baqarah: 2: 62)



“Indeed, those who have believed [in Prophet
Muhammad] and those [before Him] who were Jews
or Sabeans or Christians - those [among them] who
believed in Allah and the Last Day and did
righteousness - no fear will there be concerning them,
nor will they grieve.”



“You will surely find the most intense of the people in
animosity toward the believers [to be] the Jews and
those who associate others with Allah; and you will find
the nearest of them in affection to the believers those
who say, "We are Christians (NASwARA)." That is
because among them are priests and monks and because
they are not arrogant.”
(Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 82)


“And when they hear what has been revealed to the
Messenger, you see their eyes overflowing with tears
because of what they have recognized of the truth. They
say, "Our Lord, we have believed, so register us among the
witnesses. And why should we not believe in Allah and what
has come to us of the truth? And we aspire that our Lord
will admit us [to Paradise] with the righteous people." .”
(Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 83-84)



“And surely they disbelieved (KUFR) when they said: 'Christ,
the son of Mary, is indeed God'; whereas Christ had said:
'Children of Israel! Serve Allah, Who is your Lord and my
Lord.' Allah has forbidden Paradise to those who associate
anything with Him in His divinity and their refuge shall be
the Fire. No one will be able to help such wrong-doers.”
(Qur’an: Maa-idah: 5: 72)


IN – NAL-LA-DZEE-NA – KA-FA-RUU
Indeed, those who disbelieve -

SA-WAA-UN- ‘ALAI-HIM – A-AN- DZAR-TUM - AM-LAM – TUN- DZIR-HUM
- it is all the same for them whether you warn them or
do not warn them -

LAA- YU’ – MI – NUU-N
- they will not believe.


KHA-TA-MALLAA-HU – ‘ALAA- QU-LUU-BI-HIM – WA- ;ALAA- SAM –’I -HIM
Allah has set a seal upon their hearts and upon their hearing,

WA- ‘A-LAA – AB – SWAA-RI-HIM – GHI- SHAA – WA -TUN
and over their vision is a veil.

WA – LA – HUM – ‘AZAA – BUN – ‘A- ZEE-M
And for them is a great punishment.


NOTE:
The term MUNAAFIQUUN, from
the root word

‘NIFAAQ’ (hypocrisy) has

NAFAQA – meaning:

“to dissimulate; to act contrary to the dictates of one’s conscience;
hypocrisy; ” – Also “to sell well; find a market; to dig a tunnel,
underground passageway; to provide; maintenance; spent;
squander; waste; dissipate; etc.“

This group although belonging to MUSLIMS, yet Allah warns us
regarding them.

Therefore we cannot equate quality of every Muslims as equal and
good, as they still must be judged using the degree of their IIMAN
and TAQWALLAH.
This is important to remind us Muslims not to be complacent, as
though by claiming to embrace Islam, wwe are immune to spiritual
disease and sin.
Unless we strive towards higher states in TAQWA, with knowledge,
belief and practice, we might be afflicted with NIFAAQ (hypocrisy).


WA-MINAN-NAA-SI – MAN – YA-QUU-LU – AA-MAN-NAA –
BIL-LAA-HI – WAL – YAU-MIL – AA-KHI-RA
And of the people are some who say, "We believe in
Allah and the Last Day,"

WA-MAA – HUM – BI-MU’ – MI-NEE-N
but they are not believers.

YU – KHAA – DI – ‘UU –NAL-LAAHA –
WAL- LA-DZEE-NA - AA-MA-NUU
They [think to] deceive Allah and those who believe,


WAMAA- YAKH – DA – ‘UU-NA – IL-LAA – AM-FU-SA-HUM
but they deceive not except themselves

WA-MAA – YASH – ‘U – RUU-N
and perceive [it] not.

FEE – QU-LUU – BI-HIM – MA – RA-DwUN
In their hearts is disease,


FA – ZAA – DA –NU-MULLAA-HU – MA-RA - DWAA
so Allah has increased their disease;

WA-LA-HUM – ‘AA – DZAA – BUN – A-LEE-M
and for them is a painful punishment

BI – MAA – KAA – NUU – YAK – DZI - BUU-N
because they [habitually] used to lie.


Another pertinent reminder :

“ There is a certain type of man who charms you in this worldly
life with his glib talk. He calls Allah to witness again and again
that he cherishes good intentions in his heart, whereas, in fact,
he is the deadliest opponent of the Truth. ”


“When he gets power he directs all his efforts towards
spreading mischief in the land, destroying harvests and killing
the human race whereas Allah (Whom he makes his witness)
does not like mischief.”


“And when it is said to him, "Fear Allah (TAQWA)," vanity
seizes him and makes him adhere to the sin. Hell is the proper
place for such a person and it is a very bad dwelling indeed.”


AND ALLAH KNOWS ALL

TO BE CONTINUED – INSHA-ALLAH

“O Allah, bless our master Muhammad, Your slave and Your Messenger, the
Unlettered Prophet, and upon the family of our Master Muhammad, and
his wives, the mothers of all the Believers, and upon his descendants, the
people of his house, just as You have blessed Ibrahim and the family of
Ibrahim, in the worlds, for You are the Praiseworthy, the Mighty!"

“And sanctify our master Muhammad, Your slave and Your Messenger, the
Unlettered Prophet, and upon the family of our Master Muhammad, and
his wives, the mothers of all the Believers, and upon his descendants, the
people of his house, just as You have sanctified Ibrahim and the family of
Ibrahim, in the worlds, for You are the Praiseworthy, the Mighty!"

“O Allah! Grant us the love for You, and the love for Your
Messenger Muhammad s.a.w., and the love towards whoever
has love for You, and make us to love doing every deeds which
can bring us towards Your Nearness, and make us to love You
more than our love for cool (drinking) water.”

"Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us if we have
forgotten or erred.
Our Lord, and lay not upon us a burden like that which
You laid upon those before us.
Our Lord, and burden us not with that which we have no
ability to bear. And pardon us; and forgive us; and have
mercy upon us. You are our protector, so give us victory
over the disbelieving people."


“O Allah, make my speech be guidance, inspire me with
reverential fear, give me success in that which is most
pure, and employ me in what is most pleasing to Thee!
O Allah, let me tread the most exemplary path and make
me live and die in Thy creed!
O Allah, bless Muhammad and his Household, give me to
enjoy moderation, make me into one of the people of
right behaviour, the proofs of right conduct, and the
servants of righteousness,"


O Allah! Make faith (iiman) dear to us and beautify it in our hearts
and make disbelief (Kufr), sinning (Fusuq) and rebelliousness (`isyan)
hateful to us, and make us among the rightly guided ( Raa-shi-duun).


O Allah! Allow us to die as Muslims, live as Muslims
and join us with the ranks of the righteous ones,
without tasting humiliation or turmoil.


‘And (may Allah send) salutations and prayers upon Muhammad
and upon the household and companions of Muhammad
(the pure ones of his family and all the loyal followers).


“Glory to thy Lord the Lord, of Honour and Power!
(He is free) from what they ascribe (to Him)!
And Peace on the Messengers!
And praise to Allah, the Lord and Cherisher of the Worlds.”


All welcome to visit my web-blog:
http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/
http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/
http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/
http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/
http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/
http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/
http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/
http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/


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