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Name Roll No
aSFaND YaR KHaN (11051556-009)
aBBaS RaSHID (11051556-17)
ZoHaIB NaJeeB (11051556-12)
aTIF ZaHID (11051556-034)
m.alI ZaHIDI (11051556-45)
ImRaN SHoUKaT (11051556-14)
PReSeNTaIoN
SoCIoloGY-101
SUBmITTeD To: PRoF QUDRaT
UllaHSUBmITTeD BY:

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Family as Institution
Definition: Bronislaw Malinowski (1884-1942) Polish, anthropologist.
1. A banded set of people (a mother, a father and children) recognize each
other and are distinguishable from each other.
2. Any relatively stable pattern of social behavior.
3. Ultimately I defined family as the smallest, organized, durable network of
kin and non kin who interact daily providing domestic needs of children
and assuring their survival. (Stack -> 1996 family scholars)
Structure of family:
Like all institutions, the family is a system of accepted norms and
procedures for getting some important jobs done. If a society is to survive people
must find some workable and dependable ways of pairing off ,conceiving and
raising children, caring for the ill and aged, and carrying out certain other
functions.
Composition of a family group:
When we speak of the family we ordinarily think of a husband and a wife,
their children, and occasionally and extra relative. Family is based upon the
material or “Conjugal” relationship; it has been called the conjugal family.
Conjugal Family:
The Basic family unit consists of husband and wife and their children, with
a fringe of relatives.
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Consanguine family (matrilocal):
Children, with a fringe of spouses. (In the less common partial form, it is
the children of the brothers who complete the family.)
Types of family
• Family pattern according to membership:
• Family pattern according to residence:
• Family pattern according to decent:
• Family pattern according to authority:
1. Family pattern according to membership:
There are two types according to this pattern.
1) Nuclear family
2) Extended family
Nuclear family:
A family composed of one or two parents and their children. The
nuclear family is also called conjugal family, meaning “based on marriage”
Example:
Industrialization increasing social mobility and geographic migration
Extended family:
A family consisting of parents and children as well as other kin. This large
group some time called consanguine family because it includes every one with
“shared blood”

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2. Family pattern according to residence:
There are three types according to this pattern.
1. Patrilocality (Greek for “place of the father”)
2. Matrilocality (meaning “place of the mother”)
3. Neolocality (from the Greek meaning “new place” )
Patrilocality:
A residential pattern in which a marriage couple lives with or near the
husband’s family.
Matrilocality:
A residential pattern in which marriage couple lives with or near the wife’s
family.
Neolocality:
A residential Pattern in which a married couple lives apart from both sets
of pattern.
3. Family pattern according to descent:
Descent refers to the system by which members of a society trace kinship
over generation. Most preindustrial societies through either the father side, or
the mother side of the family.
There are three types according to this pattern.
1) Patrilineal Descent
2) Matrilineal Descent
3) Bilateral Descent
Patrilineal Descent:

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The More common pattern is a system tracing kinship through men. In this
pattern children are related to others only through their fathers so that fathers
pass property on their sons. Patrilineal descent characterizes most pastoral and
agrarian societies in which the men produce the most valued resources.
Matrilineal Descent:
Less common is matrilineal descent system tracing kinship through
women. Matrilineal descent, in which mothers pass property to their daughters,
is found more frequently in horticultural societies , where women are the main
food producers.
Bilateral Descent:
Industrial societies with greater gender equality recognize bilateral descent
(“two-side descent”), a system tracing kinship through both men and women. In
this pattern, children recognize people on both the father’s side and the
mother’s side as relatives.
4. Family Pattern According to authority:
There are three types of according to authority
1. Patriarchy
2. Matriarchy
3. Egalitarian
Patriarchy:
A social system, in which men dominate women, has formed a thread that
runs through all societies.
Matriarchy:
A social system in which women as a group dominate men as a group. Our
marriage and family customs.

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Egalitarian:
Some of today’s customs still reflect their patriarchal origin. One of the
most obvious examples is U.S. naming patterns. Despite changes, the typical
bride still takes the groom’s last name, and children usually receive the father’s
last name.
Function of family
Functionalism:
is a special type of Sociology suggested by a man named Talcott Parsons who
tried to understand the jobs that various organizations do for society. Talcott
Parsons said that the function of anything is the job that it does. He said we need
families in all societies because they do a special job for society.
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF THE FAMILY?
A. Tonsure that new babies actually survive to become adult Members of that
society:
Babies are the most immature animals born. Many animals can help
themselves survive within hours or weeks of birth; they can run or hide. Even
helpless kittens can leave home at six weeks old.
Examples:
At what age can children do the following things?
Walk?
Go to the toilet?
Keep them clean?
Live on their own?
Human children are not socially mature till many years later because the
rules for society are so complicated. This is shown by the fact that people are still
being trained to do certain jobs until they are in their twenties.
B. To regulate sexual activity:

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It is usually expected that sexual relations between men and women take
Place inside some kind of marriage relationship or pairing and that they are
regulated by some social rules. Families exist to control sexual behavior so that
the new offspring are as healthy as is possible.
C. To ensure that children are satisfactorily socialized into the Norms and
values of society:
Children are born egocentric. They actually believe themselves to be the
Centre of everything that takes place around them and have to be taught the
rules of their society and their place within it. The process of learning the rules
about how to behave is called socialization and it lasts for all of our lives.
In our society, the rules are so complicated that people are still considered
children who have to be protected till they are eighteen years of age.
There are people who are specially trained and fairly well-paid to do this
job of training children, but the most important trainers are the family members.
This would be a good point to revise your core module on People and
Society.
Think of three rules that are designed to protect children from harm in our
society. (Think about alcohol, education and sex)
D. To provide economic support for other family members:
This can take many forms in all societies. In hunting societies, women
Forage for most of the food and men hunt to provide extra protein foods. In
farming societies, all the family members work to help produce food. Think of
ways in which people in families help each other in Britain.
E. To satisfy our emotional needs for love and security:
People need to feel loved and wanted by other people, particularly when
they are very young. They can survive without, but for most people, their family
is their strongest emotional bond.
Children who are abused and loathed by their parents, often still love them
even if their feelings are horribly confused by the treatment that they have
received.

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It had been found by some psychologists who study human development
that children find it difficult to learn how to love other people if they have never
been taught how to love by someone else who has loved them. Think of ways in
which you could show your family and people around you care for them.
F. To provide us with a sense of place and position in our society:
When people meet for the first time, they often ask each other questions
about who they are and where they come from. In a town like Barry, many
people have known each other and their families for years. Often a stranger will
turn out to know family members. This gives people a sense of place and
belonging to each other.
THE END