SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND FAMILY

1. SOCIAL
INSTITUTI
ONS
SEBASTIAN,ROSABELLE Y.
GROUP 4 BSA-4A SS2

2. SOCIAL
INSTITUTION
S
IS A GROUP OF SOCIAL POSITIONS, CONNECTED BY
SOCIAL RELATIONS, PERFORMING A SOCIAL ROLE.
SOCIAL STRUCTURES
AND SOCIAL
MECHANISMS OF
SOCIAL ORDER AND
COOPERATION THAT
GOVERN THE
BEHAVIOR OF ITS
MEMBERS.

3. CHARACTERIS
TICS OF
AN
INSTITUTION
Institutions are purposive.
Relatively permanent in
content.
Institutions are structured.
Institutions are a unified
structure.
Institutions are necessarily
value-laden.
Palispis (1996)

4. FUNCTION
S OF
AN
INSTITUTIO
N
1. Institutions simplify social behavior
for the individual person.
2. Provide ready-made forms of social
relations and social roles for
individual.
3. Act as agencies of coordination and
stability for the total culture.
4. Control behavior.

5. MAJOR
SOCIAL
INSTITUTIONS
The Family
Education
Religion
Economic Institutions
Government as a Social
Institution(Political)

7. THE FAMILY
The smallest social institution with the unique function or
producing and rearing the young.
It is the basic unit of Philippine society and the educational
system where the child begins to learn his ABC.
The basic agent of socialization because it is here where the
individual develops values, behaviors, and ways of life
through interaction with members of the family (Vega, 2004).
“IS A SOCIAL SYSTEM AND PRIMARY
REFERENCE GROUP MADE UP OF
TWO OR MORE PERSONS LIVING
TOGETHER WHO ARE RELATED BY
BLOOD, MARRIAGE OR ADOPTION
OR WHO ARE LIVING TOGETHER BY
ARRANGEMENT OVER A PERIOD OF
TIME.”
MURRAY AND ZENTNER, 1997

8. CHARACTERISTICS OF A
FAMILY
• The family as a social group is universal and is significant element in man’s social life.
• It is the first social group to which the individual is exposed.
• Family contact and relationships are repetitive and continuous.
• The family is very close and intimate group.
• It is setting of the most intense emotional experiences during the life time of the individual.
• The family affects the individual social values, disposition and outlook in life.
• The family has the unique position of serving as a link between the individual and the larger
society.
• The family is also unique in providing continuity of social life.

9. DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE THEORY
• Families are viewed as ever changing and
growing; and each family is expected to
accomplish tasks at every stage of
development. Accomplishment of these tasks
is a prerequisite for success in achieving the
tasks of the next stage of development.
•Major task of family:
create an environment where each member
could master developmental tasks.
32-9

10. FUNCTIONS OF THE FAMILY
1. Reproduction of the race and rearing of the young.
2. Cultural transmission or enculturation.
3. Socialization of the child.
4. Providing affection and a sense of security.
5. Providing the environment for personality development and the growth of self-
concept in relation to others.
6. Providing social status.
Accordingly, the main functions of a family include the following:
1. to develop a sense of family purpose and affiliation
2. to add and socialize new members
3. to provide and distribute care and services to members
4. to organize members and resources in meeting family goals.

11. FAMILY SYSTEMS THEORY
• The family is viewed as a system where the
family members are interdependent and
are working towards specific purposes and
goals.
• Families are viewed as open systems
continually interacting with other systems
in the community.
32-11

12. FAMILY SUB-SYSTEM• Families consist of special
functional subsystems:
marital subsystem (parents)
sibling subsytem (children)
individual parent –child system
subsystem
• Boundaries regulate the input and
output to and from other systems
that interact with the family
system.
32-12

13. INTERACTIONAL THEORY
• The family is defined as a unity of
interacting personalities with assigned
position and roles, expectations and
norms of behavior.
• View of person:
* The person is capable of interacting
with other family members and is seen
as fulfilling roles within the family.
32-13

14. ROLE THEORY
• Family life is structured according to
the roles that are assumed by the
person in interaction with others.
Roles are learned through
socialization and there is high
mutual dependence on division of
labor within the family.
• Each family member has specialized
roles.
32-14

15. CRISIS THEORY
• The family is made up of members
when individually experience a state of
disequilibrium from situational or
societal sources of stress called stress.
• Forms of crisis:
-Developmental Crisis- transitional
periods in personality development
characterized by disturbances in
cognitive and affective functioning. 32-15

16. CRISIS THEORY
• Situational crisis- sudden, unexpected threats to, or loss of basic
resources or life goals.
• Basic assumptions:
* All family members are affected by the inability of one member to
cope.
* The family assists members with coping problems by adopting
coping mechanisms as a group. 32-16

17. MILY STRUCTURESThere are various types of family that exist in
today’s society, some of the more common
structures include :
• The Conjugal/Nuclear Family :
• this usually consists of two generations of
family, parents and their own or adopted
children residing in the same household.
• the primary or elementary family consisting
of husband, wife and children.

18. MILY STRUCTURESThere are various types of family that exist in
today’s society, some of the more common
structures include :
The Extended Family :
This is also known as the three generation family.
Consisting of grandparents, their children and
their grandchildren.

19. MILY STRUCTURES
There are various types of family that exist in
today’s society, some of the more common
structures include :
Reconstituted Family :
This is a family where one or more parents have
been married previously and they bring with
them children from their previous marriage(s).
This introduces various combinations of step-
father, step-mother etc.

20. MILY STRUCTURESThere are various types of family that exist in
today’s society, some of the more common
structures include :
Single Parent Family :
This type of family is also known as the Lone
Parent Family. It consists of one parent and a
child or children residing in one household.

21. MILY STRUCTURESThere are various types of family that exist in
today’s society, some of the more common
structures include :
Symmetrical Family :
This family is one in which the roles of the
husband and wife or of co-habiting partners
have become more alike or equal.

22. MILY STRUCTURES
There are various types of family that exist in
today’s society, some of the more common
structures include :
Empty Nest Family :
In this family, the children have moved out of
the home and the parents reside together.

23. FAMILY CLASSIFICATION
FAMILIES CAN BE CLASSIFIED
ACCORDING TO THE VARIOUS
CATEGORIES:
ON THE BASIS OF DESCENT
ON THE BASIS OF AUTHORITY
ON THE PATTERN OF RESIDENCE
ON THE AMOUNT OF MATES

24. A) ON THE BASIS OF LINEAGE
• Patrilineal Family : This type of
family occurs when property and title
inheritance passes down through the
father’s side.
• Matrilineal Family : This is where
the property and title inheritance passes
through the mother’s side.

25. B) ON THE BASIS OF HEADSHIP
• Patriarchal Family : In this
type of family, the father is
considered the head.
• Matriarchal Family: In this
type of family, authority is held by
the mother

26. C) ON THE PATTERN OF RESIDENCE
BASED ON PLACE OF RESIDENCE
• PATRILOCAL- REQUIRES THE NEWLY WED TO RESIDE NEAR THE
GROOM’S PARENTS.
• MATRILOCAL- NEAR THE BRIDE’S PARENTS.
• BILOCAL- PROVIDES THE COUPLE THE CHOICE TO RESIDE ON EITHER
PARENTS.
• NEOLOCAL- PERMITS THE COUPLE TO RESIDE INDEPENDENTLY OF
THEIR PARENTS.
• AVUNCULOCAL- PRESCRIBES THE NEWLY WED COUPLE TO RESIDE
WITH OR NEAR THE MATERNAL UNCLE OF THE GROOM.

27. D) ON THE AMOUNT OF MATES
• Monogamous Family : In this instance, a
husband only has one wife. This is the western idea
of a typical marriage.
• Polygamous Family : In this case, the husband
has more than one wife at the same time. This type
of family can be found mostly in Saudi Arabia.
• Polyandrous Family : This family consists of a
wife with more than one husband. This can be found
in the Todas of Southern India.

28. INFLUENCES ON FAMILY STRUCTURE
1. Industrialization
2. Divorce
3.Class
4. State benefits

29. INDUSTRIALIZATION
The industrialization era is where the
society moved from an agrarian one to a
mechanized one.
According to Talcott Parsons the
industrialization era brought with it
increased geographical and social
mobility, resulting in the break down of
the extended family to the privatized
nuclear family.

30. DIVORCE
As divorce became socially
acceptable and the government
began providing financial assistance
to single parents, many families
broke up. Due to this, more single
parent families were formed as well
as reconstituted ones.

31. SOCIAL AND ECONOMICAL CLASSES
• Class highly influences the family structure, as those
with low incomes tend to have a higher divorce rate
due to financial conflicts.
• Lower class families are usually matrifocal or single
parent and tend to contribute to the financial and
social instability of the society, as the financial
responsibilities now fall on the one parent due to
the withdrawal of the contribution of the other
parent.
• Middle class families tend to have less kids than
lower class ones although there is more financial
stability.

32. STAGES OF FAMILY
STAGES TASKS
1. Beginning Family *Establishing a mutually satisfying marriage
*Planning to have or not to have children
2. Child-bearing
family
*Having and adjusting to infant
*Supporting the needs of all three members
*Renegotiating marital relationships
32-32

33. STAGES OF FAMILY
STAGES TASKS
3. Family with a
pre-school children
*adjusting to cost of family life
*adapting to the needs of pre-school children
*Coping with parental loss of energy and privacy
4. Family with
school age children
*Adjusting to the activity of the growing children
*Promoting joint decisions between children and parents
*Encouraging and supporting children’s educational
achievements
32-33

34. STAGES OF FAMILY
STAGES TASKS
5. Family with
teenagers and young
adult
*Maintaining open communication among members
*Supporting ethical and moral values within the family
*Balancing freedom with responsibility of teenagers
*Releasing young adults with appropriate rituals and assistance
6. Post-parental
family
*Strengthening marital relationships
*Maintaining supportive home base
*Preparing for retirement 32-34

35. STAGES OF FAMILY
STAGES TASKS
7. Aging Family *Maintaining ties with younger and older
generations
*Adjusting for retirement
*Adjusting to loss of spouse
*Closing family house
32-35

36. FAMILY INFLUENCES ON
HEALTH CARE
• Families help determine the
following:
• Whether or not to seek treatment.
• What type of treatment is
appropriate.
• Who should provide the treatment
or care.
• Where the treatment or care
should be provided.
32-36

37. FAMILY INFLUENCES ON
HEALTH CARE
• Families are often the major
caregivers for their relatives.
• Extended families and
communities have traditionally
acted as a buffer against
excessive stress and illness.
32-37

38. You have reached the end of this presentation, thank
you and congratulations.