1. Grammar Handbook
Zorro Sanchez

2. Table of Contents
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Slide Numbers
Nationalities
Stem Changer
Para
IOP
Pronoun Placement
Gustar
Affirmative and Negative Words
Superlatives
Affirmative tú commands/ irregulars/
pronoun placement
Negative tú commands/ irregulars/ pronoun
placement
Sequencing events
Preterite
Trigger Words
Car, -Gar, Zar
Deber + Infinitivo
Modal Verbs
Present Progressives
20.
21.
22.
Adverbs
Preterite
Demonstrative Adjectives and
Pronouns
23. Ordinal Numbers
24. Prepositions
25. Future
26. Imperfect
27. Reflexives
28. Por vs. Para
29. Possesive Adjectives and Pronouns
30. Usted and Ustedes Commands
31. Present Subjective
32. Verbs of Will and Influence
33. Verbs of Emotion (Subjunctive)
34. Subjunctive Doubt vs. Certainty
35. Conjunctions

3. Nationalities

4. Stem Changer
E>i
• Servir
• Decir
• Despedir
Pedimos
Pides
Pedir ( to ask
for)
Pido
Pedís
Pide
Piden
• Querer
E > ie
• Preferir
Dormir ( to
sleep)
O > ue
• Tener
• Almorzar
• Contar
Pensamos
Piensas
Pensáis
Piensa
Piensan
Duermo
Pensar ( to
think)
Pienso
Dormimos
Duermes
Dormís
Duerme
Duermen
• Costar

5. “Estar para”
to epress an
action that
will soon be
completed
To indicate
destination
To express a
contrast
from what is
expected
Para
To express a
deadline or
specific time
To show the
use or
purposes of a
thing
To mean “in
order to” or
“for the
purpose of”
To indicate a
recipient

6. IOP
Te
(you
familiar)
Me
(me)
Le
(you
formal,
him, her)
Singular
Os
(you
familiar)
IOPs are
nouns that
tell to
whom/what
or for
whom/what
Nos
(us)
Les
(you,
them)
Plural

7. Pronoun Placement
• Attach the pronoun to the infinitive
• Attach the pronoun to progressive
tense
• Attach the pronoun to an affirmative
command
• Place the pronoun before a
conjugated verb

8. Gustar
•
Negative phrase
•
No ___ gusta
•
Gusta singular
•
me gusta la comida
•
Gusta antes de un infinitive
•
me
gusta
hablar
español
•
Gustan
•
me
gustan
enchiladas
Me (I)
las
Te (You)
Le
(Him/
Her/It)
Gusta/
Gustan
Nos
(We)
Os (You
all)
Les
(They/
Them)

9. Affirmative and Negative Words
Algo
Nada
Alguien
También
Tampoco
Negative
Words
Affirmative
Words
Siempre
Nadie
Algún/
Alguno(a)
Nunca
Ningún/
Ninguno(a
)
When you want to talk about an indefinite or negative situation,
you use an affirmative or negative word.
If a verb is proceeded by a no, word that follow must be a
negative and a double negative is required when no proceeds the
verb

10. ísimo
ísimos
ísima
Suffix
added to
adjective
and adverb
Superlatives
ísimas
Equivalent to extremely or very
Adjective and adverb ending in c, g, and z change spelling to qu, go,
and c respectively
Adjective that end in n or r form by adding císimo/a

11. Affirmative tú commands/ irregulars/
pronoun placement
Di
Ven
Haz
Irregular
commands
Ten
Sé
Ve
Pon
Sal
Put into the
tú form and
drop the s

12. Negative tú commands/ irregulars/
pronoun placement
T
• No tengas
V
• No vengas
D
• No des/ digas
I
• (Ir)No vayas
S
• No seas
H
• No hagas
E
• No estés
S
• No sepas

13. Sequencing events
Después
de
Por la
tarde
Luego

14. Preterite

15. Trigger Words
English
Spanish

16. Car, -Gar, Zar
• Car,
gar, and
zar
forms
only
have
the yo
form
changed

17. Deber + Infinitivo
Debo
Debemos
Debes
Debéis
Debe
Deben
Proper
Spanish
Grammar
Infinitive

18. Modal Verbs

19. Present Progressives
Ar= -ando
Er/ir = -iendo
When the verb stem
ends in a vowel = -yendo
•pasando
•moviendo
•leyendo

20. Adverbs
Adjective
Plus –mente
Adverb
•Feliz
•Changes the masculine ending
to feminine if ending letter is
“o”
•Felizmente
•Cuidadoso
•Frecuente
•Adds mente to end if first rule
doesn’t apply
•Cuidadosametne
•Frecuentemente

21. Preterite
English
•
Car,
gar, and
zar
forms
only
have
the yo
form
changed
Spanish
Construí
Construimos
Repetí
Repetimos
Construiste
-
Repitiste
-
Construyo
Construyeron
Repítío
Repitieron
Spock Verbs
ir/ser- fui, fuiste, fue, fuimos, fueron
hacer-hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos. Hicieron
dar/ver- di/vi, diste/viste, dio/vio,
dimos/vimos, dieron/vieron

22. Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns
To make it a
demonstrative
pronoun, just add
an accent mark to
the last vowel. Use
a neuter pronoun
like esto, eso, and
aquello when the
gender of the noun
is unidentified.

23. Ordinal Numbers
• Notice that the words for 1st (primer,
primero, primera) and 3rd (tercer,
tercero, tercera) both drop the final
"O" if they come before a masculine
singular noun - for example:
• Es el primer libro que ha escrito
• Ellos están en el tercer coche
• When used before a feminine or
plural noun, either the "A" or "O"
endings are used.
• La fiesta es el primero de Agosto
• Vamos en los primeros días de
Agosto
• Es la sexta casa allí a la derecha
• El boleto es para segunda clase

24. Prepositions

25. Future

26. Imperfect
Ser
Ir
Ver
Era
Íba
Veía
Eras
Íbas
Ar Verbs
Er verbs
Ir verbs
Veías
Salía
Tenías
Salías
Hablaba
Íba
Tenía
Hablabas
Era
Hablaba
Tenía
Salía
Hablábamos
Teníamos
Salíamos
Hablabais
Teníais
Salíais
hablaban
Tenían
Salían
Veía
Erámos
Íbamos
Veíamos
Erais
Íbaís
Veíais
Eran
Íban
Veían

27. Reflexives
Me
Nos
Te
Os
Se
Se
Located in front of the
conjugated verb, attached
to a gerund, attached to an
infinitive, or attached to an
affirmative command
Used when the subject
receives the action
Reflexive verbs will
have se attached at the
end like acostarse

28. Por vs. Para

29. Possesive Adjectives and Pronouns

30. Usted and Ustedes Commands

31. Present Subjective
Regulars
Irregulars

32. Verbs of Will and Influence
Aconsejar
•To advise
Importar
Sugerir (e>ie)
•To be
important
•To matter
•To suggest
Verbs of
Will and
Influence
Rogar (o>ue)
•To beg, to
plead
Recomendar
(e->ie)
Insistir (en)
•To insist on
Mandar
•To order
•To recommend
Prohibir
•To prohibit

33. Verbs of Emotion (Subjunctive)

34. Subjunctive Doubt vs. Certainty

35. Conjunctions