4. Stem Changer Pido Pedimos
Pides Pedís
Pedir ( to ask • Servir
Pide Piden
for) • Decir
E>i • Despedir
Pienso Pensamos
Pensar ( to • Querer Piensas Pensáis
think) • Tener
Piensa Piensan
E > ie • Preferir
Duermo Dormimos
Dormir ( to • Almorzar
sleep) • Contar Duermes Dormís
O > ue • Costar
Duerme Duermen
5. “Estar para”
To show the
to epress an To indicate use or
action that destination purposes of a
will soon be
thing
completed
Para
To express a To mean “in
contrast order to” or
from what is “for the
expected purpose of”
To express a
To indicate a
deadline or
recipient
specific time
6. IOP
Te Me
(me) Nos
(you Os (us)
familiar) (you
familiar)
Le
(you Les
formal, (you,
him, her) them)
IOPs are
nouns that
tell to
whom/what
Singular or for Plural
whom/what
7. Pronoun Placement
• Attach the pronoun to the infinitive
• Attach the pronoun to progressive
tense
• Attach the pronoun to an affirmative
command
• Place the pronoun before a
conjugated verb
8. Gustar
• Negative phrase Le
• No ___ gusta Me (I) Te (You) (Him/
Her/It)
• Gusta singular
• me gusta la comida
• Gusta antes de un infinitive Gusta/
Gustan
• me gusta hablar
español
• Gustan Nos Les
• me gustan las (We) (They/
enchiladas Os (You Them)
all)
9. Affirmative and Negative Words
Algo Nada
También Alguien Tampoco Nadie
Affirmative Negative
Words Words
Algún/
Ningún/
Siempre Nunca Ninguno(a
Alguno(a)
)
When you want to talk about an indefinite or negative situation,
you use an affirmative or negative word.
If a verb is proceeded by a no, word that follow must be a
negative and a double negative is required when no proceeds the
verb
10. ísimo
ísimos
Suffix
ísima
added to
adjective
and adverb
Superlatives
ísimas
Equivalent to extremely or very
Adjective and adverb ending in c, g, and z change spelling to
qu, go, and c respectively
Adjective that end in n or r form by adding císimo/a
11. Reflexives
Me Nos
Te Os
Used when the subject
Se Se receives the action
Reflexive verbs will
Located in front of the have se attached at the
conjugated verb, attached end like acostarse
to a gerund, attached to an
infinitive, or attached to an
affirmative command
12. Affirmative tú commands/ irregulars/
pronoun placement
Di
Ven Haz
Irregular Put into the
Ten Ve
commands tú form and
drop the s
Sé Pon
Sal
13. Negative tú commands/ irregulars/
pronoun placement
T
• No tengas
V
• No vengas
D
• No des/ digas
I
• (Ir)No vayas
S
• No seas
H
• No hagas
E
• No estés
S
• No sepas
20. Present Progressives
Ar= -ando •pasando
Er/ir = -iendo •moviendo
When the verb stem
•leyendo
ends in a vowel = -yendo
21. Adverbs
Adjective Plus –mente Adverb
•Feliz •Changes the masculine ending •Felizmente
•Cuidadoso to feminine if ending letter is •Cuidadosametne
•Frecuente “o” •Frecuentemente
•Adds mente to end if first rule
doesn’t apply
