The Selimiye Mosque

The Selimiye Mosque
The Selimiye Mosque located in Edirne, Turkey stands for over 400 years as a place of Islamic practice. The mosque has had some changes, but it still
remains a functioning mosque for the people of Edirne. Commissioned by Sultan Selim II, Selimiye was constructed by famous architect Mimar Sinan
and completed in 1574. Selimiye was constructed during the middle of the Ottoman Dynasty and remains a structure that highlights not only Ottoman
architecture, but Islamic architecture.
The Ottoman Empire has a long history spanning over 600 years. The Turks were first pushed from their home in Central Asian and relocated to
Western Anatolia. Originally the Turks were a nomadic tribe living on the prairie. Osman Gazi ben Ertugrul or Osman I, a Ghazi warrior, founded what
would become the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire acquired lead during the Crusades, a military campaign started by the Catholic Church. The
fourth Crusade led to the fall of the Byzantine Empire allowing the Ottoman Empire to take over. The Ottomans captured the Byzantine capital of
Constantinople, now Istanbul and started their conquest for land and power. This was the first Islamic empire to infiltrate Europe and Asia. The
Ottoman Empire dominated much of the known world by its organized, well equipped, and efficient army. The military of Ottoman's possessed would
lead to one of the most powerful empires of the time. Their focus included expansion of land, meaning gaining power. The Ottoman's reached their
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Characteristics Of Ottoman Divan Poetry
Culture The culture of the Ottoman Empire derived over centuries as the leading authority of the Turks involved, altered and adapted the cultures of
conquered lands and their people. The customs and languages of Islamic societies, markedly Arabic caused a strong influence, while the Persian culture
had a powerful donation through the heavily Persian zed regime of the Seljuq Turks, the Ottomans' antecedent. As the byzantine administration
extruded from Anatolia by the early ottoman Turks, following them into trope after, it was foreseen as part of the struggle (Jihad) against the
Christians: the first Ottoman rulers named themselves Gaze, or Warriors. The Ottomans moved further west and the absorption of the Greek and
Balkan populations progressed,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ottoman Divan poetry was a highly observed and symbolic art form. From the Persian poetry that largely stimulated it, it inbred a wealth of symbols
whose meanings and interrelationships–both of similarity and opposition were more or less agreed on. Divan poetry was composed through the
persistent comparison of many such images within a severe musical outline, thus allowing numerous possible senses to appear. There were common
genres, most particularly the mesnevГ®, a kind of verse romance and thus a variety of narrative poetry; the two most notable examples of this form
are the Leyli and Majnun of FuzГ»lГ® and the HГјsn Гј AЕџk of Ећeyh GГўlib. Until the 19th century, Ottoman prose did not develop like the Divan
poetry did. This was because prose was expected to follow the rules of rhymed pros, a type of writing inclined from the Arabic saj' and which agreed
that between each adjective and noun in a string of words, such as a sentence, there must be a rhyme. Yet, there was a custom of prose in the literature
of the time, however completely non–fictional in nature. One apparent exception was MuhayyelГўt ("Fancies") by Giritli Ali Aziz Efendi, a collection
of stories of the fantastic written in 1796, however not published until

The Characteristics Of Early Islamic Art And Early...
Early Christian art had a rough start. It started off not being wanted because it worshiped idols and that was frowned upon in the early days. Although,
as time went on and Christians started realizing the benefits that art had at conveying their beliefs. The earliest Christian art occurred in the catacombs,
which were underground tombs under the city and they often depicted biblical symbols like Noah's ark. Architecture also grew during this time, as
people got more accepting of this culture things started picking up. Art became in demand and so did architecture. Before the spike happened, early
Christians didn't have any designated places to worship and as soon as it became more accepted that changed. Early Christian churches often mimicked
roman work because it was so successful. An example of this was Old St. Peter. Architecture and art weren't the only thing early Christians used to push
Christianity into the mainstream, music also played a role in the development Christianity. "Early Christian music prohibited instrumental
accompaniment of any kind" (Benton and Diyannni 185). This was mainly because it wasn't considered religious it was considered un religious. As
time progressed this was eventually overturned. Early Christian music often used harps as a background for the scriptures.
Islamic art is very different characteristics than early Christian art. The main difference is the location. Early Christian art started in one place
Jerusalem, but Islamic art came from

Calligraphy In The Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Research Project (1A)
General Area of Research in the Ottoman Empire: Art
Calligraphy was how most people wrote during the Ottoman Empire. Calligraphy was very respected by the Ottomans. It was mainly used in the city
of Istanbul. Derman, Ugur. "The Art of Calligraphy In TheOttoman Empire." Muslimheritage.com. Muslim Heritage, N.D. Web. March 2nd 2017.
There were two types of architecture that greatly influenced the Ottomans. There were many types of architecture and they were mosques, hammams,
and kulliyes. The mosques were places where people could worship. Hammams were basically public baths. Kulliyes were the buildings that surrounded
the mosques. "Ottoman Empire: Art & Architecture." Study.com. N.P., N.D. Web.

One Sentence: The Gardens Of Versailles And Point Of View
One Sentence: The Gardens of Versailles and Point of View The Gardens of Versailles exemplify appeasement and prioritization of the visitor through
the use of narrative and optical effects.1 AndrГ© Le NГґtre's Gardens of Versailles show discipline and immense attention to detail, whilst keeping the
visitor's or the client's best interest in mind. Le NГґtre created a unified system that focused on the walker's experience, including theatrical elements
and mythical figures to add character. He coordinates elevations with horizontal distance, establishing "a close relation between the walker's
positions and what is made visible of the garden." What is visible of the garden can only be experienced and is best experienced from the walker's
point of view. The Gardens of Versailles have a playful narrative provided by the sculpture of gods struggling in the water of a fountain and a
labyrinth with 39 bosquets. All of these elements are included for the pleasure of the guests. Overall, the usage of storytelling and optical effects are
what make the Gardens of Versailles unique among Le NГґtre's other works and in the architectural world. One Paragraph: The In's and Out's of
Medici Palace Michelozzi's Medici Palace is an example of classical Renaissance, though it has features that make it noteworthy. Beginning with the
exterior, the palace has an overhanging cornice that surrounds the roofline and its size is in relation to the entire building, rather than the top floor.
Atypical of

The Ottoman Hexagonal Tile With Floral Pattern
The Ottoman Hexagonal Tile with Floral Pattern is located in the Art from Islamic Lands gallery, in room 2550, on the second floor of the Arthur M.
Sackler Museum on the Harvard University Campus. The object number is 1960.102. It is located with a series of Ottoman tiles on the easternmost
wall of the one–room gallery. The tile, created between 1520 and 1540, is from Д°znik, Turkey. It is composed of fritware ceramic painted
underglaze. The base of the tile is a white underglaze glaze, and all decoration is in various shades of blue underglaze. The shape is a hexagon with a
circular, symmetrical floral pattern derived from a central focal point. This tile had meticulous work put into its design, showing the concern of its artist
to emulate cultural tradition and destiny on a single ceramic hexagon.
Fritware is a form of pottery where frit is added to the clay in order to lower the necessary fusion temperature. This version of ceramics was popular in
Д°znik, Turkey, the leading producer of decorative tiles during theOttoman Empire. Underglaze is a technique in which decoration is painted to the
piece before it is glazed. However, underglaze uses certain pigments derived from oxides that fuse with the glaze, thus restricting the color palette. The
original color found to work by the Chinese was cobalt blue, and this is present on the Ottoman tile. In addition, the Д°znik factories used turquoise,
purple, green and red in later years. Because this tile is from the earlier part

The Selimiye Mosque
The Selimiye Mosque located in Edirne Turkey although the mosque has changed some functions it still remains a functioning mosque for the people
of Edirne today. Commissioned in 1574 by Sultan Selim II, Selimiye was constructed by famous architect Mimar Sinan. Constructed during the middle
of the Ottoman Dynasty it remains a structure that highlights not only Ottoman architecture, but Islamic architecture.
The Ottoman Empire has a long history spaning over 600 years. The Turks were first pushed from their home in Central Asian and relocated to Western
Anatolia. Originally the Turks were a nomadic tribe living on the prairie. Osman Gazi ben Ertugrul or Osman I a Ghazi warrior founded what would
become the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire acquired their footing during the Crusades, a military campaign stated by the Catholic Church. The
fourth Crusade led to the fall of the Byzantine Empire allowing the Ottoman Empire to take over. The Ottomans captured the Byzantine capital of
Constantinople now Istanbul and started their conquest for land and power. This was the first Islamic empire to infiltrate Europe and Asia. The Ottoman
Empire dominated much of the known world by its organized, well equipped, and efficient army. The military of Ottoman's possessed would lead to
one of the most powerful empires of the time. Their focus included expansion of land, meaning gaining power. The Ottoman's reached their height in
power under the Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent. Suleyman

Edward Kritzler
In his novel tittle Jewish Pirates of the Caribbean, Edward Kritzler reveals a unique point of view on the Jews during the Inquisition when they were
exiled and persecuted. Moreover, he supplements his book with bright descriptions about the Jewish journeys across the Atlantic Ocean in search of
freedom. Also, the book is a valuable piece of writing that contains precious knowledge about the people of that era. This includes but is not limited to
their traditions, place in the society, and general way of life. Collectively, the novel serves as a literary depiction ofCaribbean Jews from a very exciting
standpoint. The book focuses on the end of the fifteenth century during the Spanish Inquisition. A time when many Jews were exiled from Spain....
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He portrayed this part of history as he understood it, without sugarcoating any unpleasant portion. Also, in my opinion, his in–depth knowledge of
Jamaica helps his credibility without the need for prior credentials. The idea to write this book was sparked when Edward Kritzler found a journal
about 4 decades ago which belonged to an English buccaneer from the seventeenth century. There, much history of the Hebrew nation's sailing across
the sea was discovered. This is what ignited the creation of Kritzler's highly acclaimed non–fiction novel. In the beginning it focuses on one of the
darkest periods in the history of mankind, the era of Inquisition. As a result of this terrorizing time period, the Jewish people who were exiled from
the Iberian Peninsula could no longer find a place where they could reside peacefully no matter where they traveled. This was due to the holy
inquisition whose sole purpose was to catch and punish them. Furthermore, Kritzler writes about a very intriguing part of this hardship, which
consisted of the Jews' scrappy attempts to survive. A part of this was a variety of strategies which even included some Jews becoming traders, bankers,
and usurers. Such professions assisted them in becoming reintegrated into society. Others took up a more contemporary route since during this time
Jews were in high demand for their

The Hagia Sophi The Nika Riot
The Hagia Sophia came out of the Nika riot. This impressive structure was part of a reconstruction effort by emperor Justinian and his wife Theodora,
after most of Constantinople was burned. The Hagia Sophia is a beautiful church with a central dome that has a diameter of 101 feet, two– half domes
that double the interior length of the church to 200 feet. This awe inspiring building has had an eventful history and after the capture of Constantinople
in 1453 by the Turks who then added the minaret(s). This paper will explore the minaret that was thought to be the first, and what the role of this was.
A minaret is a tower typically found adjacent to mosques, traditionally used for the Muslim call to prayer. The Hagia Sophia started out as a Christian
church, but after being taken over in 1453 was converted to a mosque thanks to Sultan ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They then added a minaret which was the first sign of conversion from church to mosque. (28)
Over the year's historians have accepted that the minarets were added by different sultans which was emphasized by the fact that they used different
materials to build these huge towers that stand approximately 60m tall. (28–29) There are four minarets but the original one is thought to have been
removed in the sixteenth century. (28) A few days after the fall of Constantinople a tower appears to have been constructed. The Turks seemed to use
this tower pending the completing of their minaret. The minaret was to be constructed on the turret at the south side of the west window. Between
1453 and 181 Mehmed the Conqueror decided to make a grand minaret. To do this they may have used the neglected tower of the Byzantine empire. In
April of 1573 the minaret was in need of repair of external buttresses and so was the tower over the main entrance, which may have still been used
occasionally for

Summary: Social Influence Bias
Furthermore, the hivemind creates an effect where opposing opinion become minimized through the use of the downvote. Thus, giving the opposing
viewpoint a negative connotation of lacking support. The article "Social Influence Bias: A Randomized Experiment" (2013) found about Reddit's
upvote mechanic that "popular products may be popular because of the irrational effect of past positive ratings, or the best products may become
popular because they are of the highest quality." (Lev Muchnik, Sinan Aral and, Sean J. Taylor, 2013). The authors' usage of "irrational effect" implies
that the way posts become popular based on "past positive ratings" is flawed. As the use of "irrational" suggests that there is no logic behind the vote
and more of mindless

Engineering Jobs and A Outline of Each Essay
Civil Engineering:
Civil engineering is primarily concerned mainly with the planning and construction of different facilities (bridges, highways, buildings, dams, railroads,
etc.)
Civil engineering in Islam was mainly concerned with irrigation and water supply. Four different types of irrigation were developed by Muslims,
which are Basin irrigation, perennial irrigation, Terrace irrigation and Wadi irrigation
Computer Engineering: Computer engineering deals with the computers (digital gear). It covers the design, usage and theory of computer hardware
(application) and software (information Processing techniques).
One of the famous Muslim computer engineer is, Lotfi Asker Zadeh, an Iranian scientist and the founder of fuzzy logic and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
As through the economy and trades established by Muslims there was a transmission of different crops and farming methods from different regions
outside the Islamic world.
Architectural Engineering:
Structural: concerned with building structure and disturbing the load transferred in the building.
Mechanical systems: control the temperature and climate inside the building, taking into consideration the air quality and humidity (HVAC)
Electrical and lighting systems: to design the circuits and paths of utilities and power inside the building envelop
Construction and management engineering: the responsibility of the engineer that the quality, cost and schedule meets the project plans
Muslims had a great influence on architecture and have many inventions in this field, for example: Arabesque: which is an application of repeated
geometrical forms founding in decorating walls. Also the Minaret, which is a distinctive architectural feature of the Islamic civilization, more
specifically, the mosque.
One of the most famous Muslim architects is Mimar Sinan, whom is Turkish. He is the head ottoman architect and also was a civil engineer. He was
accountable for constructing more then 300 different buildings.
Bioengineering/Biomedical Engineering:
There are three major

Drones Analytical Essay
During Clinton's presidency the CIA borrowed "a gangly, insect–like airplane called the RQ–1 Predator" from the Air Force which allows Clinton to
view what is known as a "live drone feed" (Mazzetti 61). Some were impressed by the "insect–like" drone but felt like it would be a waste of time to sit
and watch the feed. Those opposed felt that it had no use to it, but only to realize later on how great of an impact it would have for the government
(Mazzetti 61). Drones would be the key weapon for a "secret war" since "it was a tool that killed quietly," and would allow strikes in restricted areas
where publicist couldn't go (Mazzetti 99–100). This weapon created a whole new meaning behind wars and assassinations as some view them as
inhuman others view it as success. Many believe citizens should have trust in the government and adhere that drones are being used to ""find, fix, and
finish" terrorists" (Mazzetti 77). The CIA use of the drones makes them... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the percent of terrorist rise every day, drones are deemed successful to lower the rates such as in the cases of Qaed Salim Sinan, Nek Muhammad,
and Al–Awlaki. November 2002, the pilot of the Predator watched an overpopulated truck driving and only to realize it contained Qaed Salim Sinan
al–Harethi who is " the most wanted man in Yeman" and theUnited States wanted him dead due to him being "the mastermind of the 2000 bombing of
the destroyer U.S.S Cole" which killed "seventeen sailors" while refueling and this was the perfect chance (Mazzetti 85). After getting authorization
the CIA fired the missile at the truck and killed every person in there and "Qaed Salim Sinan al–Hareth was eventually identified" dead (Mazzetti 87).
This is the whole new start of the killing machine on the war of

Machiavelli's Mentality
Harel Tillinger
Niccolo Machiavelli was born in the city of Florence, on May Third, 1469. He came to power and was exiled by the Medici family. While he was
exiled, he wrote The Prince to inform other leaders how to maintain power unlike himself. In his signature book, Machiavelli explained how a leader
must always have war on his mind, never be hated, and be surrounded by truthful ministers. Leaders who shared a similar mentality as Machiavelli are
Hongwu and Suleyman because of his harshness with government officials, and him being a patron of the arts, respectively. Hongwu shares a
comparable mentality with Machiavelli because he was harsh with his officials. Zhu Yuanzhang, or Hongwu, was the first emperor to rule the Ming
empire and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Suleyman was considered the best sultan of the Ottoman Empire. He conquered Belgrade and Rhodes, two major territories for the Ottomans. Also,
Suleyman thrived to make Istanbul the capital of the arts in that time period. Niccolo Machiavelli states in The Prince, "A prince ought also to show
himself a patron of ability, and to honour the proficient in every art"(Machiavelli 21). Suleyman illustrates this quote because he built and supported
hundreds of projects to make Istanbul a center of artwork. "[Suleyman] began a series of building projects, including bridges, mosques, and palaces,
that rivalled the greatest building projects of the world in that century"(wsu.edu). Suleyman with the help of Sinan, one of the greatest architects at the
time, helped to transform Istanbul into a "center of visual art, music, writing, and philosophy in the islamic world"(wsu.edu). Using Machiavelli's
method of being a patron of the arts, Suleyman remained in power for 46 years, the longest Ottoman sultan.
As a final point, Hongwu and Suleyman both uniquely share qualities that make them similar to Machiavelli. Hongwu was very harsh with his citizens
and Suleyman accomplished to make Istanbul the center of the arts. As a result both the rulers ruled for more than 40 years which is what The Prince
strived to

Similarities between Hinduism and Islam
What are the Similarities between Hinduism and Islam?
Hinduism and Islam are two religions that are similar in many ways. In Islam, the religion was created by The Prophet, Muhammad, created in 62 CE;
In Hinduism, The religion was created by two different groups, the Dravidians, the first known people in India, and the Aryans, the Indo–European
group of people who invaded the Harrapan civilization through the Hindu Kush, and that religion was Hinduism, created nearly 4,000 years ago. Other
concepts that they also share are the aspects of the religions like The Idea of Reincarnation, caste system, the idea of a supreme god. Reincarnation in its
essence is a religious belief. Many of people to this day believe in reincarnation or some cyclic of rebirth based on the migration of the human soul
from one physical body to another. Perhaps the idea is best expressed in the words of Mahatma Ghandi, "Each night, when I go to sleep, I die and the
next morning, when I wake up, I am reborn" (Mahatma Gandhi). This quote illustrates the idea of Samsara, the process of birth, death and rebirth. The
process of reincarnation allegedly continues until the soul reaches its full maturity and perfection when it joins its source – God or the "Universal
Soul"(World History). In Hinduism and Jainism, moksha is the discharge from the cycle of rebirth. The individuals who accomplish moksha are
brought together with a definitive higher force, or God, and no more needed to persist lifetimes in which

Mehmed The Conqueror And The Ottoman Sultans
Introduction Mehmed the Conqueror and the Ottoman sultans who followed him desired Topkapi Palace to convey the power, wealth, and
religiousness of the Ottoman household. Unlike many other works of art and architecture, Topkapi Palace was constantly expanding. An excellent
example of this is the Arabic inscription on The Imperial Gate in Topkapi Palace. The gate itself was constructed in 1478. The tughra below it belonged
Sultan Abdulaziz, a nineteenth century Ottoman sultan.
Introduction to the Ottomans. In 1453, Mehmed the Conqueror, an Ottoman Turk, succeeded in conquering Constantinople, the capital of the former
Byzantine empire. In 1460, he decided to commision a palace. By 1478, the palace was complete and was named Topkapi Palace.... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Topkapi palace displays the wealth of the ottoman household. Porcelain can be found in the palace. Also there are jade colored plates in the
palace, but for a very morbid reason: the sultans were always in fear of getting assassinated, and they thought the plates would change color if the
food was poisonous. Inside the palace there also was the Topkapi dagger. The topkapi dagger was a dagger made out of emerald. There was also the
spoonmaker's diamond, which is "one of the largest cut diamonds in the world," according to Britannica Academic. Another example of the wealth of
topkapi palace is the size of it. Topkapi palace is 172 acres.
Through the size of topkapi palace it exuded power. However, it was not because of it's size implies to Gulru Necipolgu, an expert on topkapi palace,
but because of how hard it was to even catch a glipse of the sultan. The sultan's aloofness made him seem more powerful and mysterious. This was the
ultimate purpose of topkapi. Necipolgu argues that "What seems to us haphazard and modest [Topkapi Palace] is, in actuality, what they [Ottoman
sultans] considered to be a symbol of

Benidorm Or In The 1950s?
Do you prefer Benidorm today or in the 1950s? The Benidorm of 1950 is better than the current Benidorm. The reason we leave for the resort is to
leave the complex city, that is Deviation. But today's Benidorm is full of high–rise buildings just like the city we are in now. In the end, we left the city
to the city with the sea. That makes it difficult to get the rest we want. On the other hand, the 1950 Benidorm has fewer tall buildings and a larger
sandy beach. So we can feel stronger that we are off to our daily life, and we can become more familiar with nature. Then the reason we go on a trip is
to relieve stress. However, the present Benidorm is rather stressful. For example, when we book a room we worry and worry. Because of the price...
El Dorado is a mysterious isle of nature. Sinan was originally a small fishing town. However, there are tourism resources such as beaches and tidal
flats, but due to lack of transportation facilities, accommodation facilities and convenience facilities, the number of tourists was small. Because of these
characteristics, the country decided to develop into a leisure and recreation space with well–preserved natural and traditional culture. In order to
develop and improve various laws, and private investment And the size is 30.9 billion won. There are spa, resort, sea water hot springs, outdoor
pool and many other facilities. Business briefing session held in June 2004 And began construction in September 2004, and was opened in July
2006 as a whole. Most of El Dorado Resort's employees are local residents. The resort offers a variety of experiences, including comprehensive
leisure, mud sauna and food development programs.A total of 1,385 people visited the Jindo Tidal Flat Ecology Pavilion from October to December
2006. El Dorado Resort visited 33,959 people from July to December 2006. Currently, for the 5 million tourists, the opening of the Millennium Bridge
and the opening of the airport in Black Mountain have been carried out, including uninhabited camping, bicycle tours and sports

Resistance And Its Effect On Society
Abstract In today 's economy, change is all–pervasive in organizations. It happens consistently, and frequently at fast speed. Since the change has turned
into an ordinary piece of hierarchical motion, workers who oppose change can really cripple an organization. Resistance is an inescapable reaction to
any real change. People actually race to guard the norm on the off chance that they feel their security or status is undermined. Folger and Skarlicki
(1999) claim that "authoritative change can create doubt and resistance in workers, making it once in a while troublesome or difficult to actualize
hierarchical enhancements" (FOLGER, 1999). If the administration does not comprehend, acknowledge and attempt to work with resistance, it can...
A standout amongst the most widely recognized purposes behind resistance is fear of change. This incorporates reasons for alarm of not having the
capacity to perform or not being "adequate". Individuals likewise fear instability and the obscure. It 's somewhat like the mariners of old who
dreaded the uncharted seas. On the off chance that individuals can feel that they are a piece of the change there is frequently less resistance. They
feel listened. Yet, over and over, I experience resistance because of an absence of inclusion. The solution for this problem is involving individuals in
the change as ahead of schedule as could be expected under the circumstances. When we discuss safe places we 're truly alluding to schedules. We
cherish them. They make us feel secure and proficient. So there 's sure to be resistance at whatever point change obliges us to do things any other way.
Whether it 's new systems, new stopping spots, new reporting lines, or new corporate society, changes to schedules can be uncomfortable. By showing
individuals how it will function and exhibit the requirement for change, this problem can be solved. Other than these reasons low trust,
misunderstanding about the need for change, saturation or exhausting can be reasons (Lunenburg, 2010) Perceiving practices that demonstrate
conceivable resistance will bring issues to the light of the need to

Sephardic Jewish Pirates and the Caribbean Connection
Leeba Freund
Mrs. Cohen
Jewish History
December 17, 2010
Sephardic Jewish Pirates & the Caribbean Connection
If you plan on touring the island of Jamaica, you may be interested in visiting the oldest Jewish cemetery, Hunt's Bay cemetery, near Kingston.
Kingston has a Jewish community dating back to the 1600s. What you will find in this cemetery may astonish you: typical Jewish gravestones with a
Hebrew inscription. But that is not the unusual part; in the corner of some gravestones, you'll see carved pictures of skulls and crossbones. What are
crossbones doing in a Jewish cemetery? What is the connection between the Jews of Jamaica and Piracy? [pic] [pic] [pic] Hunt 's Bay Cemetery – ...
Hence, the title "Portugal" in all the Spanish Colonies became synonymous with "New Christians" or Marranos. Though the New World was under
Spanish rule, the Crown turned a blind eye to the secret Jewish communities sprouting up in every new colony. The Jews played it safe, changing their
names and feigning devotion to the Catholic religion, all the while building an economic empire of international trade throughout South and Central
America, the Caribbean Sea and European waters of the Mediterranean.
SPAINAS A WORLD POWER As Spanish conquistadors conquered and settled land after land in the New World, jewelry from the natives and
mines of silver and gold poured into the Spanish treasury from the Incas. Sugar, coffee, bananas, tobacco and other profitable crops that thrived in the
warm climate of the Caribbean islands, Central America and South America, filled ship after Spanish ship with an abundance of wealth from the new
colonies. As Spain's treasury filled, other European nations had their eyes on the golden mine of New World treasures. While the Spanish
conquistadors conquered land, plundered the natives and terrorized their women, the Marranos dedicated themselves to settling the new lands and
creating a safe world for them to live in. They logged trees, set up plantations, worked the gold and silver mines and set up trade and shipping routes
from the

The Capitals Of The Empire
CAPITALS OF THE EMPIRE
After the conquest of the Christian cities Bursa, Edirne and Constantinople the Turkish sultans transformed each of them to make their capital. Each
one marked a stage in the development of the young Ottoman Empire. This gave the possibility to discover and learn from other cultures, like the
Byzantines, but always in a way of reinterpretation, according to the characteristic of the Ottoman's own architecture and culture.
Although they are not too distant from each other, the three cities are very different. Bursa is situated at the foot of the Olymp of Mysie, Edirne on a
flat land irrigated by three rivers, Istanbul on the sea. Water used to be a determining factor for the planning of their cities, for it was ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The splendour and the monumentals dimensions were reserved for only the sacred buildings, especially the mosques.
PUBLIC SPACES
The Turks' way of life and especially their concept of life in society has also an influence on urbanism. Square are quite rare and are big open
spaces where markets take place. The bazaar, in covered roads with barrel vault is the Turkish city's shopping centre. Therefore one cannot find big
public spaces for the community as they existed in the Greek, Roman or Byzantine empire. CafГ©s in the open air, generally near the mosque, or in
green areas, are preferred as social spaces but always in a informal way.
The kГјlliye is the most important part of the Ottoman cities, but it's function doesn't correspond to this idea of public space. It is the religious and
social place, where in most cases there is a mosque, a madrasa, a hosptital, a refectory, a tomb, a library, and more.
The mosque and the kГјlliye formes a well ordered complex apart from the urban structure of the residential areas.
BURSAвЂЁYILDIRIM BEYAZIT KГњLLIYE, 1391–1403
The first complete kГјlliye is the one of Bursa, the first capital of the Ottoman Empire. It included the mosque, the madrasa, the sultan's turbГ©, a
nursery, a refectory of the natives, public baths and a caravanserai. The buildings are situated on terraced land, on the outskirt of the

Comparing Islamic and Arabic Architecture Essay
Comparing Islamic and Arabic Architecture
Works Cited Missing
The Hagia Sophia church and the Suleymaniye mosque are separated by a thousand years but are tied together eternally. One representing the
achievement of the Christian–Byzantine empire and the other representing the ability of the Islamic–Ottoman empire and its architect Sinan. Two
empires that had very little in common other than their architecture and region. In earlier history the Dome of the Rock represented the Islamic
empire's attempt to rival the newly defeated Byzantine empire and its architectural achievements such as the Holy Sepulchre. As history often repeats
itself, with similar political motives the Suleymaniye mosque became the Ottoman's answer to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
SIMILARITIES
Because Sinan worked on the Hagia Sophia he became intimately familiar with its form and structure so its not surprising that it had an influence on
much of his work. Of all his buildings,conceptually the Suleymaniye is probably the most similar to the Hagia Sophia with the basic concept of the
central domed space made larger with attached semidomed spaces which in turn have smaller spaces attached topped by smaller domes. Because the
dome of the Hagia Sophia was considered to be a great feat for the Christians Sinan designed the dome of the Suleymaniye to send the message that not
only were Muslims just as capable but, with an even larger and higher dome, that they were superior.
More similarities can be drawn with the forms and structures of the two buildings. In addition to the dome and semidomes, the main arches, piers,
buttresses, and galleries were adopted by the Suleymaniye. These were all part of the basic structural system in both buildings of a dome on four
supports. Sinan also used pendentives as the structural system under the main dome and squinches as a transitional element between semidomes and
the rest of the structure. Additionally Sinan used similar wide arches in the Suleymaniye although they were not needed structurally and were probably
used for their formal appearance. The piers of the Suleymaniye are also similar with their projections used to support the bracing arches. These are the
basic formal and

Architectural Bias
Difference in Architectural Recognition due to Historical Bias. As Winston Churchill once said "History is written by the victors". When looking into
past events there will always be more than one side to a story, yet for many centuries the study of history concentrated on the retail of an specific
person or group who would generally impose their own ideas and perspective of the past. This creates something called historical bias which in term
makes most of the historical documents fallacious. Architectural history is no stranger to this trend; since most of of our records come from Western
historians (Greek, Roman, European). Western movements and architects are depicted as artistic and influentialarchitecture while Eastern architecture
is rarely credited or talked about. The Ottomans had equally significant contributions to architecture development thanks to architects such as Koca
Sinan (1538–1588). While western architects such as Michelangelo are commonly known as some of the greatest architects of the century, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, he would designs a dome baldachin inside a square roof that would serve as the center of the build. After that he would just let the building take
form from the dome.On the other hand, Michelangelo would have have highly planned designs that would focused on the symmetry and the artistic
beauty. As Dogan Kuban said " What the classical orders are to Greek, Roman, and European architecture generally, the dome baldachin is to the
Turkish". (Kuban, 73). Sinan highly tectonic style originated an entirely new design process in which space is created from the support systems rather
than a floor plans. Michelangelo is greatly acclaimed for his designs particularly in comparison to other architects that worked during the renaissance
but his mannerisms designs "singularity" could be compared to Sinan's understanding of functionality and structure through the use of roofing systems,
specifically

Champagne On Ice Case Study
Champagne on ice at Finnish first
Finnish developer Suomen HyГ¶tytuuli is this week celebrating having completed turbine installation and successfully exported first power to the grid
at its 42MW Tahkoluoto wind farm off Finland.
Jan De Nul jack–up Vole au Vent lifted the seventh of 10 Siemens 4.2 MW turbines into place during a reNEWS visit toFinland's first commercial wind
farm last Thursday.
Finnish Sea Service cable lay vessel NГ¶kГ¶ had that morning linked the project's14 km of array cabling to landfall at Pori.
A successful summer installation campaign has left the project slightly ahead of schedule, but given sea ice can arrive in the Barent's Sea in late
August overrunning was never an option.
Jan De Nul vessels Pompei, Tiger and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"We are confident we can recoup the в‚¬100 million investment within 10 to 11 years and plan to add a further 35 turbines in the 10MW range to the
site between 2021 and 2023," Suomen HyГ¶tytuuli managing director Toni Sulameri told reNEWS.
The developer is also drafting plans to place 300 turbines at three separate sites some 380KM north, near the town of Raahe.
The Raahe projects could be operational by 2025 and HyГ¶tytuuli boffins are busy finalizing designs for ice–resistant monopiles that could support
some of the turbines.
"Subsidy free is where we want to end up" Sulameri said. "But to get there we have a lot to learn from operating this wind farm."
Pre–emptive maintenance key to winter wins
A preventative operations and maintenance strategy will be essential at Tahkoluoto as harsh arctic winters will severely limit the scope for repairs.
"We need to have excellent condition monitoring," Tahkoluoto technology manager Jaakko Kleemola told reNEWS.
"If we notice a shaft or baring fault towards the end of the annual weather window we need to inspect it, run the machine on a lower power level for
the winter and plan repairs for the following year," he explained.
The site's Siemens 4.2MW turbines are equipped with ice–monitoring technology, but the developer has opted not to install any blade heating as the sea
air should stop

Speech On Bad Eating Habits
We all have some bad habits that we find difficult to break, but what causes them? Most of the time, bad habits usually develop when we feel stressed
or bored. People find that bad habits are a simple way of dealing with these problems. These problems eventually have a major impact on our physical
and mental health. Bad habits are unwanted behavior that take time to break depending on the severity of the obsession. Habits can range from
non–dangerous habits, like biting your nails to dangerous ones, such as smoking, drinking, and overspending. Habits can sometimes go unnoticed
by people because they vary in seriousness. Many believe that they're a lot healthier than they really are, but studies show that less than 3 percent of
Americans live a healthy lifestyle. As we continue to follow our current lifestyles, our life expectancy will gradually decrease. This is why I strongly
believe that people need to correct their bad habits, because each bad habit will increase the risks of health problems. Bad habits such as staying up
late, lack of physical activity, and the overuse of technology are a few of the major habits that our current generation is developing.
As a night owl, staying up late can create bad eating habits. Cutting back on sleep increases the likelihood of indulging high calorie foods which may
eventually lead to obesity. As the lead study author at the University of Pennsylvania, Andrea M. Spaeth tested a group of 27 participants who went to
bed at 10 pm and another group of 198 who went to bed at 4 am. Their results concluded that the second group had consumed significantly more food
than the first group. As Spaeth stated, the longer we stay awake, the more time we get to eat high fat foods.
Staying up late does not only lead to overeating, but it also weakens your immune system. If you're staying up late, you're probably getting sick
frequently because you're not getting the recommended hours of sleep. According to a study in the "Cancer Research" journal from researchers at the
University of Chicago and University of Louisville, poor quality sleep can speed cancer growth, increase tumor aggressiveness and weaken the immune
system's ability to control early cancers.
People who sleep for

The Patriot Act, 2001-Al Qaeda
2000–Al Qaeda carried out a planned attack with the bombing of the USS Cole. A small vessel loaded with explosives pulled alongside the USS Cole
and detonated it's cargo of explosives, 17 American sailors were killed in the attack. "Suicide attacks can also demonstrate to observers as well as
target audiences how determined the group is and how far it is willing to go to achieve its objectives." (Lutz, 2011, p.60). 2000–A CIA proxy force,
the Northern Alliance attacked Derunta training camp near Jalalabad in an attempt to kill Osama Bin Laden. 2001–The Patriot Act was created to give
law enforcement agencies more tools to combat terrorism. 2001–Al Qaeda terrorists in Afghanistan are targeted by the U.S. Central Command
(CENTCOM), and the CIA's

Pantheon and Hagia Sophia
Pantheon and Hagia Sophia Pantheon and Hagia Sophia are two extremely outstanding architectural pieces of their times. They have been built
according to the traditions of those particular times. The materials used to built these buildings and the purpose for which they were used are all very
important aspects and have been briefly covered in this report. Pantheon The statesman Agrippa built pantheon in 27 B.C. Then it was completely
rebuilt by the emperor Hadrian. The Pantheon is remarkable for its size, its construction, and its design. The dome was the largest built until modern
times. The present structure was probably originally built as a temple for all the pagan gods. We do hear of it as being a law–court and a reception area
for... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The lower level and the second level are divided by the cornis in the ratio of a square root of 2 to 1. Exterior walls are divided into two zones by the
cornis but no correspondence with the height of the interior cornis. The hemispherical dome has the skylight oculus of 8.9m in diameter. The second
level is the re–design in 1747, which consists of a row of blind windows alternating with square designs. The real columns and pilasters of lower
level are repeated again on the upper walls as graphic images. This kind of design technique, the repeat and the superimpose are frequently used in
high Renaissance, Mannerism, Baroque and of course in modern age. Hagia Sophia Hagia Sophia was built by Emperor Constantius, son of Emperor
Constantinos I, and was opened for services in 360 AD. Although very little is known about this church, it is assumed that it was a basilica–type
structure with a rectangular floor plan, circular apse and timbered roof. It was similar to St. Studios, a basilica in Istanbul, the ruins of which still
exist. Ancient sources emphasize that the eastern wall was circular. Constantius donated gold and silver as well as religious objects to his church, but
these were vandalized by Arians during the Council of 381 AD. Hagia Sophia was first named "Megale Ekklesia" (The Great Church) as it was the
largest church in Constantinople. The historian Socrates indicated that the church was named Sophia during the reign of Emperor

A Short Story : A Story?
Somewhere in the Hoenn region, a young man was waking up to the dawn of a new day. What a tme to be alive, Sinan thought caustically, as he
rose from his bed sleepily. At 7 AM in the morning, light was beginning to filter through the wooden slats in soft beams. As the grogginess ebbed
away, he remembered that all trainers had to be present in the lab for the Beginner's Ceremony by 8 AM. The way he heard words could be screwy
sometimes, and he wasn't the best at writing, but reading and details he paid attention to extensively. So he rose from the bed and pulled on a faded
pair of ragged jeans, before heading to the bathroom to wash up and making himself look presentable, his mind was swirling with thoughts. Can't
believe I've finally saved up enough for this, he thought, a slow grin spreading across his broad cheekbones and deepening into dimples. I'm so
f*ckin' ready, and he'd never felt more excited in his life. F*ck school, f*ck working–– Sinan wanted to go out and explore his heart out again. Get
away from the quiet monotony that depressed him so.
"Sinan, get some cake desk!" His mother called from downstairs. He did a double take, scratching the back of his head. He knew that wasn't right, but
the clatter of pots and pans downstairs was making it difficult for him to filter out what he needed to know.
"What? Mom?" He called back.
The clattering stopped as she responded in a clear, high voice. "Breakfast! Breakfast!"
I shoulda been able to figure that one out on my

Sinan Shipwreck Essay
The Sinan Shipwreck is a Chinese cargo ship that sank off the coast of South Korea in c.1323 AD during the Yuan Dynasty. The ship left Ning
–po on
the Eastern Chinese Seaboard and was carrying cargo to Japan when it wrecked, less than a month after departing from China. The government of the
Yuan Dynasty and Mongol Empire was set up by Kublai Khan, the founder of the dynasty. He created a system of bureaucracy that included many
different cultures that were a part of the empire. For example, Tibetan Buddhists, Mongols, Han Chinese, Khitans, and Jurchens. Many parts of the
government were of Chinese style. Kublai Khan's administration was the traditional tripartite of authority. The civil office was managed by the Central
Secretariat, the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were given special legal privileges and were officially supported by the Yuan government. Kublai Khan even set up the Imperial Academy of
Medicine to manage the education of new doctors and medical treatises. Healers were divided into two groups, non–Mongol physicians called otachi
and Mongolian shamans. Otachi were characterized for their use of herbal remedies, while Mongol shamans were noted for their spiritual cures. During
the Yuan period advances in medicine were made and the practice of Chinese medicine spread throughout the empire. Healers were even brought along
on military campaigns as they expanded, techniques such as moxibustion, pulse diagnosis, acupuncture, and herbal mixtures and remedies spread
westward. Wei Yilin, a physician that lived 1277–1347, invented a method for reducing dislocations under anesthesia. One Mongol physician named
Hu Shihui wrote about how important a healthy diet is. Western medicine was also practiced but it was frowned upon by Chinese physicians because it
contradicted the yin–yang and wuxing philosophy upon which traditional chinese medicine

Architectural Styles Of The Ottoman Empire
Distinguishable characteristics like the form, method of construction, regional features, and the materials used to make a building or any other
construction, which helps in identifying that structure amongst others are what comprise an architectural style. Architectural styles have a vast
diversity as they represent changes in beliefs, religion, fashion, and the invention of new technology over a broad time period. Over the ages, different
empires would rule over a region with each ruler of those empires having their own unique perspective on their religion. Subsequently, when new
empires would come in power, they would then take inspiration from the previous empire's architecture and add or remove characteristics from the
architecture based on their personal religious perspectives.
In the same way, the Ottoman empire was influenced by styles of architecture from the preceding empires, namely the Byzantine, Iranian, and Islamic
architectural styles. As a result, the Ottoman empire's architectural style has resemblances with the Romanesque architecture, which is a blend of the
ancient Roman and Byzantine architectures. And it also has similarities with the Gothic architecture which was heavily influenced by the Romanesque
architecture and subsequently by the Renaissance architecture. However, all three of these architectural styles also have their differences due to
individual religious perspectives.
The Byzantine architecture made with architectural traditions of the

Filter Bubbles
Although the 2016 presidential election was over one month ago, many people still can't believe the surprise result. Behind being upset about the
result, some populations start to think the role of social media during the election. They aware the power of social media is very strong. But at the
same time, only a few of them realize that they live in filter bubbles.
Techopedia defines Filter Bubble as "the intellectual isolation that can occur when websites make use of algorithms to selectively assume the
information a user would want to see and then give information to the user according to this assumption." In past elections, millions of voters get
information from different media. Some of those media are reliable resources, but some of they aren't. But they truth, they all lacked people into filter
bubble.
Typically this 2016 election, publics are more likely to get news from some unreliable resource, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This action might make those people have confidence in their support candidate. But on the other side, it will lead those people "sheltered from
opposing viewpoints", they are half blind to the other side of the world.
People realized the dangerous of living in filter bubbles, so they want to test the effects that political polarization on facebook. Recently, A research
asks ten voters to look at the opposite side of their opinion. They ask five liberals to look the "right wing" news resource and five conservatives to
look the "left wing" news resource. The result of bursting those Facebook bubble and let ten voters touches the opposite view information is quilt
interesting.
The effects on those voters are vary. Some say after seeing the opposite view totally influences their final decisions. But others who have strong
beliefs think they are becoming more upset and confused on those "false" news and think they are "Like reading a book by a

The Killer's Instinct Short Story
The Killer's Instinct
Desperate times require desperate measures.
When I play football, one thought always flies in my mind it motivates me never to stop, never give up, and never back down. I always believe that I
should never stop no matter what happens. It doesn't matter if you are tired, hurt, or dizzy. Once you enter the football pitch, all of your teammates
depend on you. However, eventually, you will know how bad exceeding your limits can hurt you.
My Team Spirit
I always used to lose with my team because I was the weakest and fattest player in the team. I got sick of feeling down after every match. Just having
the guilt of not giving everything I have to my team disappoints me with myself, my training, and my leadership. As the captain ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
I was fat and weak. My injury stopped me for a long time. Now, I am strong and I had no excuses. I came to AL Noor FC in Sanabis (a district in
Qatif). I exercised with them for a month, and I attended one official match, but I knew that my place wasn't there, I am a Hawari (what local
football is called in Qatif) player. After exercising with the club every day I regained my skill and my touch to the ball; every day we did some
drill, we jogged, and we played a practice match. I left the club after a month to join Sinan's team with his friends. He told me a lot about their team
and that I should join them to play like the old days, but this time I was far much stronger. Sinan was always with me through my injury; he always
supported me to become better and stronger. He is always there in desperate times ready to help me. I joined his team instantly, and we played a lot
of matches. The shocking thing for me was how much I improved, and I could finally make a change in the match's course. We won most of the
matches. I met a lot of people, and I gained a ton of friends from the team. In time, I became even better. I decided to establish a new team. I called
it Al Ashawis. The first player I brought to the team was Sinan and the second one was Moayad Al Zaher. I knew Moayad from a lot of time, and I
played with him for five years and still going on. I had a history with him and Sinan in all of my football teams, they are

Ottoman Domes
The dome is considered one of the most important architectural elements in Islamic culture and the dome became a very important architectural
element during the Ottoman time period and many of these domes drew from earlier Islamic and the Hellenistic Roman world. The dome is one of the
most important elements of the Ottoman time period and they were known for being one of the main cultures in history to incorporate domes as a
main component in their architecture. Ottomans used domes in mosques (the largest domes were reserved for mosques), madrasas, and tГјrbes.
Monumental domes began to appear in the 14th century in the Ottoman capital Bursa, in the 15th century in Edirne and after the conquest of
Constantinople in Istanbul. This paper will address the domes built under the Ottomans from the late 1300s to the 1600s. However, it is important to
note that early Ottoman architecture was heavily influenced by both Seljuks and the Byzantines– their immediate predecessors. The dome itself, as
built by the Ottomans are almost all hemispherical in shape. Theresa Grupico explains that "Domes and tent canopies were associated with the heavens
in Ancient Persia and the Hellenistic Roman world. A dome over a square base reflected the geometric symbolism of those shapes. The circle
represented perfection, eternity, and the heavens. The square represented the Earth. An octagon was intermediate between the two."
The Ottoman empire began modestly, as a principality of the western vanguard

The Importance Of Commercial Buildings In The Ottoman Empire
Secondly, commercial buildings were so popular in Cairo because it was already a major trading point for the Ottoman Empire. The different type of
commercial buildings were wikalas, khans, qaisariyas, suqs, and funduqs. Ismail explains that these type of buildings existed since the Mameluke
Empire period, but they were kept being built during the Ottoman Empire, with some minor changes.
The wikalas were buildings located within the city walls and had a design that had shops on the ground floor that faced onto courtyards and a rab
system (living quarters) on the upper floors. Some of the shops from the ground level had special designs in their facades that allowed the
merchants to display the imported goods that they had for sale. The building had only one entrance per each facade, and each of them led to the open
central courtyard that aside from shops, had storerooms for the merchant's goods. To get access to the upper floors, people had to use staircases that
were usually placed in a corner of the facades (Ismail 2005).
The khans and funduqs were buildings that had combined functions of hostel and trading centre and were used mostly by traveling merchants and
visitors to the city. These buildings were built mostly near the trading routes outside the city, and they required towers for extra protection, however,
some of them were located inside the city and did not required to be fortified because of it. A major difference is that these buildings did not had shops
in

An Essay On The Blue Mosque
The Blue Mosque, or as its mother language call it The Sultan Ahmet Camii, is an amazing and an interesting Islamic piece of architect located in
Istanbul, Turkey. The blue tiles of the inside, adorning its interior walls, are the main reason why people call it the blue mosque. I found it interesting
to write about such a historical piece of architecture that was built during the rule of Ahmed I (or the first) in the early 17th century. A tomb of the
founder, like many other mosques, a hospice and a madrasa as well, all together were found and contained under the name of KГјlliye in the mosque.
The mosque's function is still a mosque, as it was the first imperial mosque for more than forty years in that time, and was never converted into
anything, not a church nor a museum. Non–Muslims are not to enter during the daily five prayers for half an hour or so, however, it is a popular
tourist attraction in Istanbul. The sultan at that time, Sultan Ahmed the First, was one of the youngest sultans. At the age of 14, he decided to build a big
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Being surrounded by other important edifices of the early Istanbul it also raises its importance. And the mosque has an amazing scenery of the sea.
Along with the magnificent scenery, it happens to be decorated by masters such as the architect Mehmed Aga who had fashioned the interior to
perfection just like a jeweler. The mosque itself used to be part of a great known complex, including a covered bazaar, schools, public kitchens, a
caravanserai, Turkish baths, a hospital and the mausoleum of Sultan Ahmed himself. Many social and cultural buildings have not survived to our day
and age and yet, the Blue Mosque in all its glory is still standing just as beautifully as it did the day it was

The Ottoman EmpireвЂ™S Sultan Suleiman, Also Known As The
The Ottoman Empire's Sultan Suleiman, also known as The Magnificent Lawgiver, is widely regarded to be one of the empire's greatest rulers. While
it is known that he had a great love, a Ukrainian concubine and later wife Roxelana, little is said of the part she played in helping the nation prosper.
Roxelana was the first concubine to achieve great power, and was even more influential than the men in the imperial court. Through her diplomacy
skills and her patronage of charitable building projects, she broke through the barriers that were previously in place to limit Ottoman women. Roxelana
was a trailblazer when it came to a woman's role in the imperial household; through her international diplomacy and charitable contributions to... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, Roxelana stayed in Istanbul with Jihangir after her other sons moved away, and she even moved out of the harem to Suleiman's quarters in
Topkapi Palace. Additionally, Suleiman became monogamous after their marriage, which was another aspect of their relationship that was considered
out of step with the Ottoman norm.
The harem was a very private institution that only the sultan had access to. Because of this, most of the Western perspective on Roxelana is based
on gossip. Since Suleiman was so sensitive about his love for Roxelana, concerns were raised as to how she wielded such unprecedented control
over the sultan. In her love letters addressed to him, she used sweet language and poetic expressions to gain more and more of Suleiman's love. In
other words, she used her femininity to her advantage and played the perfect wife to gain political influence and power. As a result, Roxelana was
demonized as a conniving woman who manipulated Suleiman through witchcraft. She was deemed a ziadi, or "witch." The Ottoman public, as well
as the Janissaries and the entire imperial court disliked Roxelana. Undeniably, Roxelana was determined to become a powerful woman in the imperial
household, and she did not only rely on expressions of love to do this. She often acted on Suleiman's behalf in foreign diplomacy deals and when gift
exchanges were

Media Manipulation Exposed in George Orwell's Shooting an...
Media Manipulation Exposed in George Orwell's "Shooting an Elephant" The phrase "the power of the press" is used often, but what exactly is the
power of the press? Since the beginning of news reporting, it's been known that what actually gets into the news reports is monitored and carefully
picked by higher authorities. What isn't widely known, however, is that the media can use specific wording and phrases that, on the surface, look
like normal news coverage, but are actually a technique of the media to control the images people see and the words they hear and read. From this,
people then form their ideals, but are these actually ideals of those people if the media from which they based them off of was controlled to begin
with? It is... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On a daily basis, Orwell was perceived as an intruder upon the Burmese land by the natives, but on this day, he is "momentarily worth watching"
(Orwell 337). Taking up an elephant rifle, Orwell went forward to do something about the elephant, though he wasn't sure exactly what that would be.
He didn't want to kill the elephant, but now that he held the rifle, he felt that the Burmese had the power and were forcing him along: Here was I, the
white man with his gun, standing in front of the unarmed native crowd–seemingly the leading actor of the piece; but in reality I was only an absurd
puppet pushed to and fro by the will of those yellow faces behind... [The leader] becomes a sort of hollow, posing dummy, the conventionalized
figure of a sahib. For it is the condition of his rule that he shall spend his life in trying to impress the "natives," and so in every crisis he has got to
do what the "natives" expect of him (Orwell 337). Orwell's perspective was that because the Burmese expected him to shoot the elephant, he had no
other choice but to do so. His own ideals of how shooting the elephant was wrong were overcastted by the Burmese "media," who urged him along
and condoned the death of the elephant. It is not evident whether or not the natives were aware of their power over Orwell. The media as we know it
today, however, did realize its power over the

The Importance Of Architecture And Architecture
Introduction
In the Ottoman period, a new art direction was appeared and spectaculars perspectives were born. Due to the expansion of territories by the Ottoman
Empire, several sciences, fields and theories were developed. One of these fields was architecture; the Ottomans constructed several public buildings
and edifices were shared the perfection in structure and in aesthetic value. The mosques are the most influenced edifices in this period because the
Ottomans practiced Islam, besides the increasing in Muslim population and the annexation of new lands to the Ottoman Empire, the construction of
mosques was required. Another essential factor in the development of the mosques architecture is a thriving economy. The Ottomans constructed the
buildings with luxurious architectures such as fenestrations spreading over the shaft of the dome to reflect the glory of exterior of the mosques. We
can conclude that the construction method, in the Ottoman period, is influenced by the Ottoman culture, the Islamic regulations called Shariah and
several issues such as climate and materials used in building. Also, we can see the effect of byzantine architecture on the Ottoman buildings.
However, several innovative contributors appeared in the Ottoman period such as Sinan (figure 1), he is genius in art and architecture and he
constructed approximately 400 buildings. Sinan affected the Ottoman archeticture in a direct way by introducing new ideas; his works have aesthetic
value besides the

Ibn Sinan Dbq
Moreover, the transfer of ideas also had an intellectual impact in fields such as astronomy, medicine, and mathematics. To begin with, Claudius
Ptolemy, a Greek scholar, created a model of how the solar system is arranged, the Earth in the center (document one). Claudius Ptolemy most likely
described the inverse with the Earth in the center because of the limited technology during his time period, some time around 100 AD. Persian Muslim
scholar, Al–Biruni, describes the Hindu view of how the earth is shaped and that the earth is the center of the universe (document six). Al–Biruni is a
Persian Muslim and not a Hindu and therefore writes about these conceptions with the point of view of an outsider. During this time period, various
scholars came up with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This led people out of the dark and enlightened them about possibilities. Moving on, Cannon of Medicine, written by Ibn Sina, explains the
importance of studying the symptoms of disease in order to create effective medicine. Ibn Sina was a prominent Islamic philosopher who was also
trained medically. Due to his experience in medicine and his ability to think philosophically he has a deeper understanding of what must be done in
order to improve medicine. Furthermore, an astrolabe which is a maritime navigation device that aided in exploration and trade is pictured (document
four). The astrolabe was created around 200 BC and made its way from Islamic territories to Europe. Finally, al–Khwarizmi, a Persian Muslim
mathematician, discusses the Hindu numeric system (document five). Al–Khwarizimi was Islamic and the period in which he lived was known as the
Islamic Golden Age, a time where interpretations of the Qur'an became more scientific. This affected the way in which he viewed Hindu mathematics
as seen in the first couple of sentences where he speaks of God and His

War Trauma
In the successive chapters, war trauma will be analyzed in the selected novels: Somewhere, Home, Absent and The Scar of David from the victim's
and the soldier's perspectives, as both the war's victim and soldier silently bear the pain and the heaviness of war trauma. They see the pain they
suffered, "not so much as a consequence of the war, but of the long unacknowledged silence that followed" (Struk 176).
The researcher's focus on this interesting book is out of the belief that literature/fiction is a kind of a camera producing written pictures reflecting
reality. The Iraqi novelist and poet, Sinan Antun brings up an important point of how fiction reflects reality, but he focuses on the Middle East. He
observed "how Western audiences tend... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Similarly, NgЕ©gД© wa Thiong'o in Barrel of a Pen: Resistance to Repression in Neo–Colonial Kenya (1983) compares a writer's pen to the weapon
to write back, "[o]ur pens should be used to increase the anxieties of all oppressive regimes...The pen may not always be mightier than the sword,
but used in the service of truth, it can be a mighty force" (69). He believes that the intellectuals' mission is to stand in the face of absolute unjust
power. It wasn't before the 1980s that the West began to believe that there are Arab women who have the talent of mirroring life on papers. Such
change began when Arab women writers write in exile and how their works are read back home and by foreigners. What was more surprising for the
western readers is that those Arab women did not only write from the housewife perspective, but from the perspective of socially and politically aware
citizens in countries witnessing traumatic wars. When they write, they open the window to snapshot their lives through writing to explore a silenced,
marginalized and unknown world that has been for long the West's fantasy about "the other". They, as NgЕ©gД© wa Thiong'o describes, use their
pens as weapons to write back; to snapshot their

How Did Hagia Sophia Change Over Time
*– to add foot notes
Constantinople, a great city founded by Constantine the Great, was an advantageous site which lied between Europe and Asia with strategic
importance. Acropolis or the City of Byzantion, a Greek city, had already been established in 7th century B.C. long before Constantinople was founded.
Around 2nd century AD the city fell into the Romans and became the Roman city of Byzantium. Constantine became the sole emperor(*–time period)
of the Roman Empire and this city was chosen as his new capital and became known as New Rome or Constantinople.
It was during his reign that Hagia Sophia, the Church of the Holy Wisdom of God, became the grand building seen today.
Hagia Sophia: The 'What, When, How and Why'
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Hagia Sophia had been associated with legends and miracles which attracted pilgrims.
Time as a mosque
In 1453 AD, the Ottoman troops led by Sultan Mehmet II after more than a month in siege. When the city was conquered, the fate of Hagia Sophia
changed along with the city. One of the first changes the sultan made was to convert Hagia Sophia church into a mosque. It was named Aya Sofya and
the change became the first step to convert Christianized Constantinople to an Islamic city.
Numerous changes befitting a mosque were made to the building.
Islam forbids images and virtual representation of figures. So of course when Hagia Sophia was changed into a mosque, all the mosaics and figures
were covered with plaster. They were still kept intact however. The sultan apparently loved and valued the art and ordered that the mosaics and the
visual depictions relating to Christianity were to be kept instead of being taken down.
Minarets, another necessity in a mosque, were added in separate times. The first sultan to rule Constantinople, Sultan Mehmet II(*) added in the first
minaret. Sultan Bayezid added another in and Sinan, a famous architect, under the reign of Sultan Murad III added in the last 2 minarets. Mihrab was
also added in facing the east direction towards Mecca, the holy city for

The Selimiye Mosque

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