1. Biodiversity
Ch10, Section 3: The Future of
Biodiversity
Standards: SEV4f, 5a, 5f

2. How are species preserved?
• 3 Methods to save
species
1. Captive Breeding
programs
2. Germ Plasm Banks
3. Zoos, Aquariums,
Parks, & Gardens

3. How are species preserved?
1. Captive Breeding
Programs
–
Breed species in captivity
and then reintroduce
them to their natural
habitats.
Ex: California condor
–
•
•
•
Population dwindled to 9
birds due to habitat loss,
poaching, lead poisoning
Scientists captured 9
birds, bred them in pens
and re-released the
offspring.
As of June 2012, 233
birds live in the wild.
Scientists use
puppets to teach
chicks so the chicks
do not associate
people with food.

4. How are species preserved?
2. Germ Plasm Banks
–
Store sperm, egg,
pollen, seeds, or pure
DNA for future use
Cryogenically frozen
Can be used for
–
–
•
•
Research
Species recovery efforts

5. How are species preserved?
3. Zoos, Aquariums,
Parks, & Gardens
–
–
–
Living museums of
world’s biodiversity
May protect the last
remaining members of
a species.
However, will never
have enough space to
preserve all organisms

6. What problems are associated with
saving a species?
• Some species won’t
reproduce in captivity
– Ex: Rhinos rarely mate
in captivity
• When species
reintroduced may not
mate or survive in wild
• Inbreeding may occur &
make organism
susceptible to disease

7. What is the most effective way to
preserve a species?
• Protect its habitat or
ecosystem!
• Protecting entire ecosystem
will not only protect
endangered species but also
other species in the area.
• Establish preserves to
protect large region
• Promote products that may
come from these
ecosystems will help save
these ecosystems (shade
grown coffee)

8. How are endangered species
protected?
• United States
– Hunting & fishing laws
– Endangered Species Act
• Internationally
– CITES
– Biodiversity Treaty
• Private Conservation
Groups

9. How are endangered species
protected?
• Hunting & Fishing Laws
– Establish
• Season for
hunting/fishing
• Size of catch
• Gender of catch
• What type of hunting tool
you can use
This fish is tagged so scientists can
study population sizes and how
they grow/change. Based on what
they observe, hunting/fishing laws
will be altered.

10. How are endangered species
protected?
• Endangered Species Act
(1973)
– US Fish & Wildlife Service must
compile list of endangered &
threatened species
– These organisms (or any of
their parts) may not be caught,
killed, uprooted, sold, or traded
• Fined if caught $500-$25,000
and/or 6 months in jail
• Endangered Species Act Fines
– Gov’t may not carry out any
project that jeopardizes
endangered species (ex:
building a dam)
– Must prepare a species
recovery plan for each species

11. Species Recovery Plans
• Forces people to protect
their own land if a
protected species lives on
it.
• This means people can’t
build on their own land.
• Try to compromise with
habitat conservation
plans which allows
people to build on land
but only in areas where
protected species will not
be completely harmed.

12. How are endangered species
protected?
• IUCN was panel of 200
gov’t representatives &
700 conservation groups
• Established CITES
– Convention on
International Trade of
Endangered Species
– International ban on
trade/poaching of
endangered species
– Effectively stopped illegal
trade on ivory from
elephants in 1980s

13. How are endangered species
protected?
• Earth Summitorganized by UN and
had more than 100
world leaders and
30,000 other people
• Established Biodiversity
Treaty
– Preserve biodiversity &
genetic resources in all
countries

14. How are endangered species
protected?
• Private Conservation
Groups- groups that
raise money or use
direct confrontational
actions to conserve
hotspots around globe.
– World Wildlife Fund
– Nature Conservancy
– Conservation
International
– Greenpeace