1. Balerio, Yves S.
BACR II-2
Movie #1: Blue Bustamante
Blue Bustamante is a film directed by Miko Livelo. In order to support his wife
Junniper and young son Kiko, George Bustamante has moved to Japan to take up an engineering
job. However, after he's sacked he finds it impossible to get another job. His flatmate, fellow
overseas Filipino worker Roger, who works in the props department on the TV superhero
series Force Five, recommends him as a stuntman to the director, Nakamura. George is doubtful,
but Roger says his face will never be seen in the superhero suit. So although he has no
experience, George starts working as the stunt double for the character Blue Force. At a cafe one
day, George loans his jacket to a young woman, Ayumi, who's just been dumped by her
boyfriend. Later, they keep bumping into each in the street and George finally invites her out for
a meal at a Filipino restaurant. Meanwhile, his son Kiko,who has been bullied at school by
another pupil, Jeremy, decides with his friends to fight back. They are all fans of Force Five, but
don't realise that Kiko's father is actually in it.
Elaboration Likelihood Model Theorists by Petty and Cacioppo, established in year 1968
says that there are two routes to persuasion -- the central route and the peripheral route. The central route
uses message elaboration, and can produce a major positive attitude change, while the peripheral route
uses six different message irrelevant cues to illicit a quick response with a minor shift in attitude. There
are several remarkable scene presented in the movie. This theory fits the scene wherein the children
watches an elaborated message in the form of Television the show Force Five, producing a major attitude
change upon Kiko and his friends and encouraged them to stand up against the bullying, and
encouraged them to stand up against the bully. And also the scene wherein George haven‟t yet
hired as engineer in Japan, his friend Roger, offered to him a stuntman job as temporary
alternative while waiting for the release. George used both message elaboration and peripheral
route in a way that the fact that he has nothing do but to accept it or else his family would suffer.
He used the central route in a way that he really think of the consequences and message
understanding regarding the job.
Attribution Theory Theorists by Heider, established in year 1958, Attribution Theory
attempts to explain causes of behavior. It attempts to explain the causes of people's behavior and
attributing or explaining reasons as to why people behave the way they do. This theory fits the
scene when George not telling the truth to June—his wife, about him being a stuntman in Japan
due since his wife told almost everyone surrounding their family that his husband was working
as an engineer in Japan--including their neighbors, close family members and even far-off
relatives—and fears of receiving disappointment from them. And when George confidently
pursued being a stuntman in the Cartoon show „Force Five‟ when he knew that his son is
watching it without knowing that he is the Blue force, which is also his son‟s favourite character.

2. Social Penetration Theory Theorist by Altman and Taylor, established in year 1973. The
social penetration theory states that as relationships develop, communication moves from
relatively shallow, nonintimate levels to deeper, more personal ones. It‟s just like when the more
time we spend with others, the more likely we are to self-disclose more intimate thought and
details of our life. This theory fits to the scene where the first time Ayumi and George met in a
coffee shop where George handover his handkerchief. George helps Ayumi and offered her
comfort after a fight to her lover. The next events is when they started to bump each other along
the way, and Ayumi started to wait for him just to see him and started to have feelings for him.
Then George starts to invite Ayumi to a dinner and talk, and Ayumi found out that George has a
wife. She thought that George loves her and will marry her to live a happy family. It‟s relatively
costly on the part of Ayumi, knowing that his love one is already married, that impelled her to
discontinue her admiration.
Movie #2: Kabisera
Kabisera is a film directed by Borgy Torre. This story goes when one day while out
fishing, Andres stumbles on to a couple of large boxes filled with meth just floating in the ocean.
He hides them at first, but when he learns that they could be worth millions, he and wife decide
to try and sell it. He recruits his old friend Jose to help distribute the meth. And the money starts
rolling in. But Andres soon finds that his new success is no guarantee that he can keep his family
together. And the drug business comes with plenty of risk and complications, pushing the
fisherman to his moral extremes.
Cognitive Dissonance Theorist by Leon Festinger, established in year 1962. This theory
of Cognitive Dissonance says that human beings often have conflicting beliefs with actions they
take, or other beliefs they have. This dissonance creates a tension and tension reduction is
automatically sought by changing our evaluations by some degree. Cognitive Dissonance is
when you have two good choices and you make your decision then you find yourself unsure or in
doubt about the choice you made. You might have to downplay the other choice in order to
reassure yourself. This theory fits the scene when Andres found the drugs on the sea while he
was fishing. Before that incident, he‟s living a simple life with his family but then tables turned
when he found the illegal drugs he then kept it on his storage near the seashore. Asking his wife
Dindin what to do, they both ended up deciding to sell those in hope that it could bring them the
life they have always dreamed of. As the business ran, danger isn‟t unavoidable. And when all
things got worse, it is when Dindin tells Andres to abandon the drugs into the sea and they
should go back to the life they had since they earned from it enough to sustain their family. And
also the scene where Andres is on the neutral side of Pablo and Jose as who really says the truth
and takes side on the growth of drug deal. His belief that Jose, his friend since then, was really
his companion but Pablo manipulated his mind that Jose will take them to harm. That‟s why to

3. higher degree, he followed what Pablo is trying to imposed and end up shot in tandem to Jose.
Just to satisfy himself, Andres have to choose between two sides that are going to help him out
Interpersonal Deception Theory Theorists by Buller and Burgoon, established in year
1996. Communication senders attempt to manipulate messages so as to be untruthful, which may
cause them apprehension concerning their false communication being detected. Simultaneously,
communication receivers try to unveil or detect the validity of that information, causing
suspicion about whether or not the sender is being deceitful. This theory fits when scene wherein
Kulot was being interrogated by Andres, Jose and Pablo, asking him whether he leaked
information to the PDEA regarding their meth business. The theory states that the
communication sender attempts to manipulate messages so as to be untruthful, which may cause
them to be anxiousness regarding their false communication being detected and may be applied
as when Kulot tries to deceive the 3 by telling them that he didn‟t said anything to the PDEA, but
simultaneously, the 3—who are receivers of the communicated information—tries to validate the
information but ended up killing Kulot anyway, since the said theory also states that at the same
time the receiver of information receives the message tries to unveil or detect the validity of that
information, causing suspicion about whether or not the sender is being deceitful.
Reinforcement Theory Theorists by Hovland, Janis and Kelly, established in year 1967.
This theory explains that the attitude changes result from an opinion change produced through
reinforcement in areas such as attention, comprehension and acceptance. This theory fits the
scene when Jose tries to convince Andres explaining how the drugs will be sold, how will they
share their parts on the profit that they will earn and what consequences they will get from it
including the benefits that can changed the social status of their family. As Reinforcement
Theory stated that attention, comprehension and acceptance are considered by the audience
before a new opinion is adopted, this is what Jose tried to do to influence how Andres will decide
about what to do on the drugs. At first, Andres does not agree with the proposal of Jose but as the
conversation goes on, Andres agreed and believed to Jose because his friend explained it in a
way that is favorable to him.
Movie #3: SHIFT
Shift is a film directed by Siege Ledesma. This story is about Estela is a free-spirited call
center agent, who like many others in her generation, is struggling for direction in her life.
Despite her countless interests and ambitions, Estella finds every conceivable excuse to continue
her stalled career inside a cubicle. But when she befriends her supposedly homosexual co-worker
Trevor, she sparks a connection with him that, unfortunately, affects her in more ways than she
realizes.

4. The Social Penetration says that as relationships develop, communication moves from
relatively shallow, nonintimate levels to deeper, more personal ones. This fits the scene when
Trevor asked Estela what is the problem, because Estela is keeping her distance away to Trevor,
she even not talking to him. Because before then they were very close friends. In the other hand,
Estela is doing that because she's starting to love Trevor, and Trevor didn't know that. This scene
shows a Social Penetration theory because Estela is having a hard time on how she will deal with
that feelings and how she can tell her true feelings for Trevor. Because Estela thinks that when
she confess her true feelings with Trevor, it will affect their friendship and she thinks that Trevor
doesn't have a feelings for her maybe because Estela already know Trevor.
Uncertainty Reduction theory Theorists by Berger and Calabrese, established in year
1975. This theory explains that the Initial interactions between strangers are characterized by
information seeking in order to reduce uncertainty. Uncertainty is reduced as levels of self-disclosure,
nonverbal warmth, and similarity increase. This theory fits the scene when Estela and
Trevor were waiting for a cab and she said her real personality to Trevor. They were getting to
know each other at that stage because their Team Leader asked Trevor to befriend her for hopes
that she will be better in work. This scene is Uncertainty Reduction Theory, as they share bits of
information about themselves, they become more comfortable with each other and they became
close eventually. And the scene when Estela is looking for her shoe because it was lost in their
office and when she looks for it, she found out that Trevor is holding it. Estela try to get the shoe
to Trevor but Trevor keep on not giving the shoe to Estela and they end up fighting for the shoe
like they are a sweet couple. During that their officemate tease them because they like a couple.
This scene shows a Uncertainty Reduction theory because Estela and Trevor are easy to cope
with other and by that they have a increased level of non-verbal actions and by having a
increased level of non-verbal actions, Estela and Trevor have a decreased level of uncertainty.
Attribution Theory is a humanistic theory. There is not a direct relationship between our
behavior and its causes. There can be a variety of behaviors that are perceived resulting from a
variety of causes. This theory fits the scene when Estela is mad to her sister because her sister's
pet ruined Estela's things. Estela's sister goes out of her room with her pet and crying. Before that
Estela told to her sister that to take care of her pet because Estela don't want her sister's pet
roaming around the house. Attribution theory because there can be a variety of perceive behavior
resulting for a cause why Estela's sister's pet is on Estela's things. There can be a several causal
attribution why her sister's pet is there, maybe the pet is lost and her sister can't find the pet and
didn't think that it's on Estela's room.

5. “Ganito kami noon, Paano kayo ngayon?”
The project of restoring classic Filipino film is to maintain and treasure the films that
made our country proud. As a globally competitive country, we can say that Filipino films can
compete locally and internationally, and restoring classic Filipino films is also for the future of
the Filipino films. The film “Ganito kami noon, Paano kayo ngayon?” directed by Eddie
Romero. This story shows how Filipinos are being treated during the Spanish Colonization. This
movie shows how the discrimination between the Filipinos and Spaniards happens. Christopher
De Leon, a great actor until now played the role of Nicholas Ocampo also known as Kulas, the
male protagonist of the story. He started travelling by himself when his mother died. Mister
Soprono, the buyer of their land, convinced Kulas to sell their land to him in exchange of a
horse. Kulas agreed to sell their land in exchange of a horse that‟s when he started to travel by
himself as he was on his journey he met Father Gil Corcuera and help him on his way back to the
convent. Father Gil Corcuera asked Kulas to fetch his son named Erminigildo Bindoy in Barrio
Santa Rosa and take him to Manila. Kulas is a slow-witted young man. People take advantage of
his naivety. He lost his house, wealth, and ladylove. But, one thing they cannot take away from
him is his Filipino identity. Kulas gets confounded with the different definitions of „Filipino.‟ It
originally referred to a person of pure Spanish descent born in the country. However, the term
evolved. A travelling Chinese merchant born in the country is also called a Filipino. Being born
in the country seems to be the main criteria. Kind-hearted and gullible Kulas search out for a boy
named Bindoy and reunites the kid with his grateful father, a friar named Padre Gil Corcuera.
The latter endows Kulas with a house and a huge sum of money. He gets transformed from a
lowly indio into a rich senyorito. He asks a Visayan lawyer named Tibor if he can rightly be
called Filipino. Tibor says that in order to be called a Filipino, one must be a worthy and
valuable person. The young man finds a worthy cause to live for. He is disgusted at so-called
Filipinos collaborating with the enemies, the Spaniards and the Americans. Just like Jose Rizal,
who was heartbroken, he abandons his love for Diding and shifts his love to his country. Kulas,
in the end, realizes that a Filipino is someone who loves or will love the then newly created
Filipino nation. It is not enough to be born in the country in order to be called a Filipino. One
should also love his country through actions. Kulas approaches a group of orphans and reminds
them to call themselves Filipinos. He then hikes off to join the insurrectos.
The message that is present in the movie Ganito kami noon, Paano kayo ngayon is that Filipinos
must not let other country to conquer and act as if they are ruling our own country. We, Filipinos
must learn how to defend ourselves and stand up against our conqueror and fight for our own
rights. Filipino people are represented in the movie as slaves and illiterate people. The theory
which I notice that was evidently portrayed in the movie especially in the scene where Kulas met
a Chinese businessman named Lim wherein their friendship grows stronger is Social Penetration
Theory. This theory states that as relationship develops, communication moves from relatively
shallow, non-intimate levels to deeper, more personal ones. This theory is shown on how the
relationship of Kulas not just with Lim but to all different people he met. And also the

6. Reinforcement Theory. Because during the course of the movie, it shows how Filipinos can be
easily wooed by the foreigners. Because of the promises of the colonizers, Filipinos easily
changed their minds and believes to whatever the colonizers will say to them. Because of the
colonizers, Filipinos since then were brain washed about many things and up until now, we are
still being reinforced to change our perspectives and culture by many foreign countries.