This document provides a summary and analysis of scenes from five films presented at the 2013 Cinema One Originals Film Festival based on communication theories. For the film Kabisera, the author analyzes scenes showing cognitive dissonance theory, likelihood elaboration model theory, and interpersonal deception theory. Scenes from Woman of the Ruins are explained using uncertainty reduction theory, reinforcement theory, and attribution theory. Scenes portraying social penetration theory, expectancy violation theory, and uncertainty reduction theory are analyzed from the film Shift. Finally, the document discusses the message and portrayal of Filipino people in Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? and the cognitive dissonance and attribution theories evident in that film.

1. Polytechnic University of the Philippines
College of Communication
Department of Communication Research
In Partial Fulfillment
on the Requirements of the Course
COMM 2073: Communication Theories and Models
Submitted by:
Mark Renzo Altares
2013-08622-MN-0
BACR 2-2

2. 1. Identify at least 3 scenes/per movie in at least 3 out of 5 movies (except ganito kami noon, paano kayo ngayon) presented in the festival and look for a theory that is applicable in explaining the scene. Elaborate your answer.
Kabisera
This movie is directed by Borgy Torre, for the 2013 Cinema One Originals Festival. This is a story of a humble fisherman named Andres who found consignment of meth floating in his fish pond and how it turns him from a good padre de familia to a man who can do anything for money.
There are scenes in this movie that portray theories in communication. First is when Andres found the meth he tell it his best friend Jose. Then Jose told Andres that it will bring them big money. So he convince Andres that he will be the one to sell it, he is putting only his name on the line so when the cops found about it, only Jose will be in jail and because of this Jose will get a bigger part on the profit.
This scene shows Cognitive Dissonance Theory by Leon Festinger because Jose is persuading Andres by giving options while Andres have to make his decision but having doubt on it.
Next is when Ana is about to be married to Ramon, his boyfriend in Manila, and after that they will reside in there because their work is there, but her father Andres is not in favor of it. So Ana and Ramon went back to their home to talk to Andres and explain to him why they have that decision.
This scene in the movie shows the Likelihood Elaboration Model Theory because Ana and Ramon is persuading Andres to support their decision by using the central route and explain to him their reasons.
Last is when the cop named Pablo try to tell Andres to make his best friend Jose out of their meth business because he is a big threat to them, because the PDEA are investigating him and the Muslims who are the real owner of the meth Andres found is threatening Jose to give their meth back. This scene portrays the Interpersonal Deception Theory because the cop is trying to manipulate the message he is trying to tell to Andres. But Andres is thinking whether the cop is truthful or just trying to lure him.

3. Woman of the Ruins
Woman of the ruins is directed by Keith Sicat for Cinema One Originals Festival 2013. This movie is about a woman who came back to a ravaged island and how she brings hope, and curse to the land.
The movie is a very drastic movie. Its jumps from one genre to another making it complicated to understand, but it gives the viewers curiosity of what the movie is all about. There are scenes in the movie that show different theories about communication.
First is after 7 years of being known to be dead Maria was found in the unconsciously in the border of the island. She lost her memory. Sabel daughter of Olga, is not familiar with her so she started to asked questions about her to know her more and why Pasyon loves her so much. This shows the Uncertainty Reduction Theory, where Sabel being curious about Maria, she started to ask and discover the answers to her questions.
Pasyon ( Maria’s husband ) do not believe that Maria cannot remember anything about their past, so he seek for Sol’s help to help Maria remember, but it turns out that she doesn’t remember anything. So Pasyon just accept the fact that Maria lost her memory. In this scene, we can saw the portrayal of the Reinforcement Theory by Hovland, Janis and Kelly. This is because when Sol said that Maria doesn’t remember anything after hypnotizing her, Pasyon’s attitude change not believing Sol. He treated Maria differently of what she should be treated by her own husband.
Having Maria lost her memory, it changes her behavior. She is not like the Maria they know before she left. She is now a woman with a different personality. She is mysterious because no one knows what is going on her mind, she also treated the people that surrounds her like a total stranger, like they never met before. In this situation we can clearly see the Attribution Theory by Heider. According to this theory, the behavior of a person changes because of many causes, maybe of a past experiences or even the present situation. It may also be trigger by a psychological trauma that a person has.

4. Shift
Shift is a true to life movie based on the past experiences of the director Siege Ledesma. This is also an entry for the 2013 Cinema One Originals Festival. This is a story about a girl who do not know about what she going to do to her life. She is always changing her job if she not happy with it. Then she meet a gay named Trevor, who is her workmate, they become friends and that friendship grew along the way.
Some remarkably scenes of this movie is explained by theories in communication. One of this scenes is: Trevor and Estela are both call center agents, Trevor is a gay while Estela is boyish girl. Trevor is assigned to be the partner of Estela and teach her how to be a good agent. Their friendship grows, and they become aware of their individuality. This scene shows the Social Penetration Theory where two person creates relationship between them and because of that relationship they started to penetrate the inner most part of that person. They start to know the attitudes, likes and dislikes, their hobbies and the like.
Nest scene is when Trevor break up with his boyfriend and told it to Estela. Estela expecting that it is the chance for the two of them be together was broken when Trevor meet another guy in a bar and had a relationship. This expectation of Estela broke her heart to the point that it result to not going to work and not talking to Trevor. This scene shows the Expectancy Violation Theory where the expectation of a person to a positive outcome may result to negative actions when that expectation exceed it limits.
Trevor being snob by Estela, he started to ask questions what is the reason behind the actions of Estela. He call her, he text her, he even e-mailed her just to know why she is acting that way. This scene shows the Uncertainty Reduction Theory, because to reduce the uncertainty of Trevor he asked questions to Estela to know why she is doing that to him. This is what this theory says, through interpersonal communication the uncertainty reduces as the relationship or the bond increases.

5. 2. What message does Ganito Kami noon, Paano kayo ngayon try to present in the movie? How did the movie represent the Filipino people? What theory did you notice that was evidently portrayed in the movie? Elaborate.
Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon?
Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? is a 1976 Filipino romantic musical drama film set in the era of Spanish colonization in the Philippines. It was directed by Eddie Romero and starred Christopher De Leon and Gloria Diaz. It was restored along with other classic movies like Himala, and Hindi Nahahati ang Langit. It was a project started by ABS-CBN Archives with Central Digital Lab where they bring back to life classic films.
This movie is about the life and the trials that the Filipino people face during the Spanish era. In here it shows how Filipinos are treated by the Spaniards, and how they survive it. It also show the relationship of the Filipinos to the other foreigners that reside in our country.
Basically the movie is trying to employ a message that our ancestors want us to be reminded of. For me the message of the movie is that we should cherish what our ancestors gave us, Freedom. Also I think, it tries to show us the different kind of people. There are ignorant people who doesn’t know about a lot of things. This ignorance leads a man into trouble that he doesn’t know. There are also educated man, but they uses their intelligence to lure other people to gain money, fame and power.
The theory that is clearly shown in the film is the Cognitive Dissonance Theory by Leon Festinger. This theory explains the way humans react when they act outside of their beliefs. We can see in the movie that different characters have their own beliefs. And when they are being introduced to another belief they do actions that may protect their own certainty or they may react accordingly to the newly introduced information.
It also show the Attribution Theory by Heider, in this theory it says that, the behavior of a person is an outcome of different causes. In the film we can see different attitudes of people, there are the greedy, the liars, and the ignorant. This behavior is maybe because they want to gain something, others are just like that because they have to live and the others really don’t know anything that’s why they are being played by others.
In conclusion the movie brings out the reality of life. It shows how the society changes because of the people who are members of that society.