Self Learning material

1. Introduction
Living thing are found everywhere on earth - On land in water, in the
air under soil and logs in grass, on the tree ,in homes and also inside
us.
Now get out from the classroom and note down the names of organisms
found around you
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Now write down the names of the organism which are not found
around you but you known know them like crocodile
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Now classify those the both types of the organism in the following
table
Flying live element in
the air
Live element swimming
in the water
Live element living
on the earth
Note:
 bony animals which fly in the air are known as avions
 animals living in the water are known as aquatic animals
 animals living on the land are known as terrestrial animals

2. animal which can live on land as well on water are called as
amphibians
name some amphibians
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living organism cannot live in isolation they need food and other
material from their surroundings to survival. Their survival are also
dependent on how they able to protect themselves from their natural
predator
define some important terms related to adaption which you are all
already studied
environment_____________________________________________________________________________
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biotic environment
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abiotic environment
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habitat___________________________________________________________________________________
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Nature has kept some animals on land and kept some flying in the air
Can we live with the fish in water?
Frog can live in land as well as water how shall we classify them

3. Can we fly in the air with birds?
Every organism changes its structure according to its environment and
its requirement
CHANGES occurring in the structure of organism to cop up successfully
with changing environment are called adaption
Link up the dotted line in the following picture and which type of
shape is formed see that
All fishes or aquatic animals have such type of shape. They are narrow
at its anterior and posterior ends and swollen in the middle region.
This type of shape is called aerodynamics shapes, which helps the
animal to swim by reducing the resistance of water and thus they can
swim very swiftly in the water.
You may have seen the shape of a boat and a steamer. What are the
similarities between the shapes of boat and fish? Why? Discuss it and
note down
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4. Thus, shape of a fish is its adaption to live in water. The body of the
fish is covered by smooth and sticky scales made up of wax, hence the
body of fish never becomes wet or decay even if it lives in water. Thus
one cannot live in water if only he knows swimming there are certain
other adaption found in the fish we shall understand them with the
help of following picture
Now tell me that what are the adaption have fish made to let them live
in water?
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Now tell that fishes posses which organ in the place of nose ?
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Write any two aquatic animals
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Now compare anyone aquatic animal with fish
Now we move on to aerial adaption that is bird

5.  The forelimb of the bird
are modified into wings to fly
 The bones, forming the
skeleton are spongy and light in
weight to reduce the body
 They can fly easily in the
air due to their special type of
shapes.
 Tail is useful to balance
the body
 They fill their air sac with air before flying, which help them in
their flight. Birds possess such nine air sacs.
Moreover bird shows variations in their habitat and food. This is also
one type of adaptions the beaks of birds are so well transformed in such
way that to adapted to surrounding environment.

6. we have understand the adaption of aquatic animals and avions but if
you look at the animals. But if you look at the animals surroundings
you will find many variations among them
make the list of the terrestrial animals and write down in the
following tables
Name of
animal
Living on
tree
Living in
hole
Living on
land
Domestic
animals
Animals on tree
Animals living on the tree are known as arboreal. E.g Squirrel garden
lizard and monkey
the feature of animal who live on tree
 They have a long thin whip like tail their tail is useful to
twine around the twing of tree
 While tongue is useful to catch insects(if they he long stricky
tongue then)
 They have two independent eyes on both sides

7.  Some of animals changes their color according to the
surrounding
BURROWING ANIMALS
RAT SNAKE
SCREW
( chhachhuder)
DESERT ANIMALS
Water scarcity ,less number of tree and sandy soil are thye
characteristic of a desert. Climate is very hot there.Animal livees there
show many adaption due to these reason

8. xerophytes grow in the desert where less availability
in least amount and climates is very hot. ROOT SYSTEM of this
types of plants is well developed and reaches to deep layer of soils
to absorb the water .SHOOT SYSTEM leaves are reduced to the
spines like structure .and stem become fleshly to store the water
and food
Some plants can
survive in very less
availability of water,
these are called
xerophytes
Some plants grows
only in water. They
require no land to
germinate. these
plants are called
hydrophytes
Some plants require
adequate amount of
water. These are types
of plants are known as
mesophytes
E.g.Zizpyhus,
Calotropis,
Acacia(babul)
E.G. Lotus, Typha,
Water chesnut(Trapa)
Money plant
E.G. Neem, VInca,
Mango tree

9. hydrophytes their leaves never decay even though
remain in the water. ROOT SYSTEM is very poorly developed as water
is available in sufficient quality SHOOT SYSTEM their stem is hollow
,thin, weak so that they can move with water current
mesophytes ROOT SYSTEM is well developed . SHOOT
SYSTEM here stem are branched and stomata are found on the both
side of leaf for means of transpiration
 If More amount of water available then plant die due to
decaying
 If less amount of water available then the plant die due to
heat
QUESTION
Q1) What are the adaption feature of a camel
Q2) What are the adaption feature of aquatic plant
Q3) What are difference between mesophyte and hydrophytes
Q4) what are feature of animal who live on tree