1. The Pros And Cons Of Public Services
Under the NPM umbrella, public sector has also been experiencing a shift to greater competition. The need to remove monopoly of service delivery and
create contestability, through privatization, public tendering, and term contracts, justifies the adoption of competition principle (Dunleavy 1994; Hood
1991). Insisting to do bureaucratic provision on public services instead of contracting them out, knowing that private sector can deliver them better, it is
believed would only force governments to lose comparative advantages on price, efficiency, and effectiveness (Dunleavy 1994. p.49). This way,
governments are able to fulfil their responsibility in providing services and the financing, while simultaneously stimulate greater competition among
providers under market dynamics. However, it is hard to instigate public service ethos in private parties. Therefore, the capacity of private entities to act
consistently with the public interest is greatly questioned in this scenario. Are concerns such as public health and safety, environment sustainability,
and social equity likely to be sacrificed underneath market mechanisms? When power is shared with organizations which have business objectives apart
from government's goals, the fundamental issue is how to detect which missions they are carrying out. Many public services being delivered by third
parties are targeted for vulnerable sections of the community which can pose a higher risk of potential abuse, neglect, exploitation, and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
4. Essay about Case Study About Pws
What challenges?
In order to figure out what challenges struggle Denny Brown; it is necessary to review his personal experiences briefly. First of all, Brown is the
chief information officer of the company Pinnacle West (PWC), and its largest subsidiary is Arizona Public Service (APS). This company operated
businesses about providing energy utility to public; APS also partly owned and operated the Palo Verde Nuclear Power Generating Station. According
to the case, Palo Verde used to be the largest power facility in the United States and played a significant role in power supplication for southwest
United States.
This case happened during the economy recession recently. Overall, the point views from the company were claimed from the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Otherwise, it is also possible to promote the process orientation among managers. Because of managers' occupational power, grassroots employees can
be guided by units' managers directly.
Promoting a grassroots strategy among business people is a mission that the company has to input amount of cash flow and time to train employees.
But the goal of popularizing process orientation is to driven bottom–up and to be implemented, PWC did working on the grassroots strategy very well.
For example, PWC's process orientation for IT department showed that they built a framework in APS. Security, budgetmanagement and service
performance are three aspects of the foundation which help to achieve high availability and high service levels. The motto "Technology drives
business. Business is a moving target" drove this strategy. Then, professional development and key projects from core area in IT strategy framework
help to achieving business process transformation. At last, business transformation of innovation area always focused on creating process change
abilities, methodologies and equipment. All of three areas in IT process orientations represent that this grassroots strategy was able to build a stable
framework to develop and solve IT struggles as clear as possible and business process transformation can also be handled comprehensively and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
6. The Decision For And Against Privatization Of Public...
INTRODUCTION
As most consumers assume, typical product pricing relies on the basic rules of supply and demand. But you may sometimes pay more or less for a
product because the company that produces it has implemented different, highly strategic pricing tactics. One of these tactics is called product–cost
cross–subsidization. Through cross–subsidization, the government is able to harmonize the divergent socio–economic groups in society in providing
their basic needs. This paper seeks to explore the consequences of cross–subsidization. The argument for and against privatization of public enterprises
is brought to the fore as the paper examines the effect of equity and efficiency on national social security systems.
CROSS–SUBSIDIZATION
This is a situation where the profits from one activity are used in paying for another activity that is losing money or bring less revenue. Product–cost
cross–subsidization is the strategy of pricing a product above its market value to subsidize the loss of pricing a different product below its market value (
Price, 2015). In order to cross–subsidize your products, you'll need to have a good idea of how the product should be priced prior to
cross–subsidization. While there is a plethora of pricing strategies that businesses employ, your pricing will depend on the goals of your business and
the market. Because your profits will need to cover all of your expenses, your pricing will need to reflect your product cost, operating expenses, rent,
site
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
7. Pros And Cons Of The NHS
In our society, the controversial issue about the privatisation of the NHS is been debated a lot recently. Have you ever wondered what it would be
like to have the NHS prvatised?. Recently I have been researching about what our society thinks about this, there are advantages but also disadvantages.
Ultimately, my goal is to demonstrate the fact that the NHS shouldn't be privatised. There may be points that will automatically make you think "yes
we should privatise it" but, I cannot accept the overall conclusion of it being privatised.
Firstly, you should know about the outstanding history about NHS, since the launch in 1948, the NHS has developed to become the world's largest
publicly funded healthcare system it's also one of the most economic and most trusted services.The NHS was born to serve the people. A good
healthcare system like this should be available to everyone, regardless of wealth, a principle that remains at the heart of the NHS.
When Health Secretary Anewin Bevan opened Park Hospital in Manchester it was a turning point of an extreme ambition to provide great healthcare
to all. For the first time hospitals, doctors, nurses, pharmacists, opticians and dentists were to provide us all with these services for free at the point of
delivery.
To have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, there is also a downside, I consider if it was privatised the equal healthcare which is been received currently wouldn't be received by all, it
would be received by people who can afford the treatment, there will be no equality and everything the NHS currently stands for would be lost.There
will also be a much bigger chance of the doctors getting sued because the operation could go
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
8. Prioritizing Mental Health : Service Provision Within...
Prioritizing Mental Health: Service Provision in Arizona's Public Schools The transition from childhood to adolescents introduces several challenges to
youths' socio–emotional, relational, and mental health. Ranging from poor self–esteem, to friendship and family friction, to depression and anxiety, all
of these challenges constitute a significant need for psychosocial and emotional support. Failure to provide such support has been associated with
physical and behavioral co–morbidities that affect health and wellbeing across the life course. The purpose of this paper is to expose the current public
health crisis surrounding the lack of mental health services available to students in Arizona's public schools. After providing a general... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Background Mental health, like physical health, is not merely the absence of disease or mental disorder. Rather, mental health encompasses emotional,
psychological and social well–being, ensuring that individuals are capable of: navigating life's complexities, developing fulfilling relationships,
adapting to change, using healthy coping mechanisms, and achieving their potential (CDC, 2013; Osius & Rosenthal, 2009). Mental Health in
Children and Adolescents The provision of mental health support for children and adolescents is imperative for their healthy psychosocial, emotional,
and physical development. Approximately 5–9% of all school–aged children and 10–20% of all adolescents have mental health problems (Kotch, 2013;
American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015). Prevalence of disease does not vary significantly across race or ethnicity, however an association does exist
between poor mental health and low–income communities (Oisus & Rosenthal, 2009). The transition from childhood to adolescence marks a stage in
development wherein one might expect to see higher rates of mental health issues, especially in the forms of anxiety and depression (Hill & Lynch,
1983; Osius & Rosenthal, 2009). During this period, youth are gaining autonomy and trying to determine who they are and how they fit into their social
realities; while their bodies and brains simultaneously undergo extensive development and their social
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
9. The Importance Of Public Administration
To become a public administrator, you must have the ability to work with different people from different background, different age groups, and
various economy classes. A Public administrator cannot be biased towards one group of people and turn around and be favorable towards the other. As
an administrator, you have to be transparent to everybody that you encounter, even people that you will be working with, and people that you are
working for. According to the publication, "Ethical Dilemmas in the Public Service," by the Commonwealth Association forPublic Administration and
Management, describes that the ethical issue that government officials face in any organization is nepotism and bias. The reason why this event occurs
is that some of the individuals in the public administrative positions are not transparent in the workplace and are also influenced by personal gain.
According to the ethical dilemma on one of the cases that I found on NYTimes, they denied jobs to people around the age of 50 and older who
applied to because of their age. According to the article, "You're How Old? We'll be in Touch," the organization's reason behind this is because the
applicant was too old. It is unethical to deny jobs because most of these people who have the passion for working in jobs that they are applying to
because they qualify. In this case, the organization wants people who are younger and faster. The article illustrates that "51–year–old Uber driver taking
me to Los Angeles
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
10. The role of a public administrator in the United States Essay
The role of a public administrator in the United States today is as varied as it is essential. Government spending will approach nearly four trillion
dollars in two thousand eleven, which means that qualified public servants must be in place to oversee the efficient implementation of government
policies. (Andrews, 2011) "Public administrator" is a term which encompasses a wide range of possible job titles; public administrator's range from
parole officers to policy analysts, and each works day to day to help promote the welfare of society through government spending. These civil servants
do not have an easy job; in almost any public administration job there are a plethora of ethical quandaries which will have to be confronted, analyzed, ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to this, Border Patrol agents often have to arrest and deport people who they are quite sympathetic towards. Until the Mexican government
straightens out the country, the situation is destined to repeat itself many times over with no easy answers. Another public administrator who faces
conflicting ethical obligations on a daily basis is those who run the education systems. These school administrators are confronted with many issues,
none more serious than the budget. With state governments across the nation facing deficits and decreased tax revenue, inevitably school programs
will see their budgets cut. A school administrator is often forced to choose which programs will see the chopping block. They have to decide just how
valuable extracurricular activities are, and which ones deserve to continue to receive the limited funding available. An administrator might have to
choose between hiring a new teacher to improve the teacher to student ratio, or cutting the soccer teams budget for that year. Each choice has its
benefits as well as drawbacks, and a school administrator must fully consider the merits of any decision. With the economy still struggling, it is clear
that qualified school administrators will have to make difficult choices many times in upcoming years. The struggling economy does not merely
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
11. Building A Project For Public Welfare
INTRODUCTION
Public private partnership refers to an association between a Government agency and a private–sector organization that intend to complete a project for
public welfare. This relationship is basically used to finance, build and purpose projects like public transportation systems, conference centers and
parks. Aiming for a project to be accomplished on priority or may be sooner can be allowed in the association with public private partnerships.
Typically, the PPP can be referred neither aprivatization not a partial privatization. Privatization has usually been defined as a course of shifting the
ownership, functioning or management of a service or action wholly or partly, from the government to the private sector.
The key difference between the PPP and privatization is that the responsibility for delivery and backing a particular activity lies with the private sector
in privatization. The PPP, on the other hand, involves full retention of responsibility by the government for rendering services. Under privatization, all
the risks inherent in the business rest with the private sector while, under the PPP, risks and rewards are shared between the government and the private
sector.
The Indian case
In the Indian circumstance, the term PPP is adopted for developing public assets in various forms as explained in schemes and modalities. According to
Ministry of Finance Government of India, "the PPP project means a project based on a contract or concession agreement,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
12. Funding Infertility Treatment: The Impact of New Public...
Introduction Almost all humans have a biological urge to have a child. However this biological urge is not always easily fulfilled for some humans
because they suffer from infertility. Currently one in six Canadian couples is categorized as being infertility (Government of Canada, 2013). The World
Health Organization defines infertility as a "disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or
more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse (World Health Organization, 2014). The inability to have a child naturally is a devastating medical
diagnosis and many infertility couples will only have a biological child with medical intervention. The most effective medical treatment for infertility is
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). IVF is the process of collecting a women's eggs, and fertilization them with sperm then replanting the eggs into the women's
uterus (Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, 2011). IVF is an expensive medical treatment that many infertilitie Canadians will need to use
to fulfill their urge to a child. Even though one in six Canadian couples is define as infertilities the majority of Canada's provincial governments do not
fund infertility treatment through their health plans. Section one will examine New Public Management style of public administration. This section will
look at why New Public Management developed. Who was the first government to use NPM. The benefits and cons of NPM.
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
13. Analysis : ' The Sociopolitical Theory Of Neoliberalism '...
Valerie Mangulabnan
Prof Marcellini AH 362
6 December 2016
Claire Fontaine is Neoliberalism Society is entranced with the consumer driven values that have steamed from a post–industrial era. This consumerist
society fuels many multibillion dollar companies as well as keeps a certain few in power. Neoliberalism is a political theory that is considered to be
right–winged and often associated with laissez–faire government policies. Many theorist, economist, and social activist criticizes the neoliberal
ideology. Claire Fontaine is collective artist founded in Paris 2004. She considers herself a readymade artist working in neon, sculpture, painting and
text. Her work confronts and criticizes the communistic**I think maybe you meant consumerist?** society and issues of neoliberalism in her work.
Claire Fontaine embodies Neoliberalism within herself as an extension of her criticism. **Good thesis** The sociopolitical theory of neoliberalism
began as the combination of traditional laissez–faire markets with some state or government involvement to prevent another economic collapse like the
Great Depression. In a neoliberal society the state would have a minimal roll which redefined how the state was seen and works. When these ideas
started to get implemented in the 70s, there was a privatization of previously state–owned industries, contracting out former state doings and the
formation of collective goods. Neoliberal societies shift from centralized government to a privatized
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
14. Effectiveness of Public Service Announcements
Running Head: Effectiveness of Public Service Announcements
Effectiveness of Public Service Announcements
Submitted by
Your Name Goes Here
University Name
September, 2011
Contents
Introduction2
Literature review2
Research Question3
Research Methodology3
Conclusion3
Works Cited3
Effectiveness of Public Service Announcements
Introduction
Celebrity endorsements are one of the most famous methods of marketing used today. Celebrity endorsers are being used in about 25% of all the
advertisements that we can see on the television. Marketers are investing large sums of money to have a contract with the celebrities as they believe
that celebrities can affect the chances of success of a product. (Erica Weintraub Austina*, 2008) Kiakati... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Petty and Cacioppo (1981) have developed the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion which explains the peripheral route to persuasion and the
central route. In the peripheral route, persuasive influences are more tangential to the issues at hand. For egg– in a PSA targeted against smoking in
15. youth, the peripheral route will show the teenagers having a better sex life after quitting smoking. (William G. Shadel, January 2009) Central
processing occurs when the person at hand is aware about the main message of the PSA and is motivated to consider its content. We will analyze the
use of celebrities for both these routes of persuasion and try to find out the effectiveness in each case.
A PSA is usually not presented to the audience at the time of action. A PSA is supposed to make the audience think and act on the message later. Thus
human memory plays a very important role in the success of a PSA. (Shen, Monahan, Rhodes, & Roskos–Ewoldsen, 2009) If the audience is attracted
by a PSA, likes it but is not able to recollect it later the whole exercise ends in futility. Many researchers have found that for the message to be
effective, retained and used highly credible sources of delivering the message have to be used and these sources of delivery should be able to create
a personal connect with the audience. (Joseph B. Walther1, 2010)In this context if we are using a public celebrity; he has his own personality and a
public image. We will try to
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
16. Pros And Consequences Of Privatization
What drives the movement for privatization? In the past few decades, countries around the world have taken action to privatize their services. It is
believed that privatization creates markets that allow companies to compete, and contribute to the economy. The idea is to cede ownership of public
services to the private sector; where competition will drive innovation, and reduce costs for the government and the taxpayer alike. That being said, in
some cases privatization does not create a real market where competition occurs, or is even feasible. Privatizing these services can deteriorate quality
and increase costs for those who require their use. This way, it is possible to limit a service to those who can afford them. While privatization can,...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As shown in "Prisons, Privatization, Patronage" by Paul Krugman, privatization can have negative consequences. These privatized prisons are
understaffed and poorly run. There are have been convicts escaping prison and minor offenders suffering in the hands of other prisoners (Krugman).
These prisons also show very little reduction in costs, as opposed to state funded prisons and the little savings come from understaffing and
underpaying their employees (Krugman). In this case, privatization was used for the benefit of private companies who are making a profit, as well as
the government who does not have to invest money in prisons. However, this is done at the expense of those receiving the service.
Moreover, privatization can limit a service to a certain group of people. As argued by Gary Haugen in "The Privatization of Justice", private services
can be limited to the wealthy. In many developing countries police enforcement is sometimes limited. In some areas, people looking to protect
themselves and their property hire their own protection (Haugen). This is great for companies who now have access to this new market, allowing them
to make money and create jobs. However, many people cannot afford private protection, making justice available only for the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
17. Public Service Vs Traditional Public Services Essay
Governments every were are seeking new ways of reinventing their personnel systems to meet rising challenges in the way public service is delivered
,this need has given birth to a set of contemporary systems and these new systems are impacting the traditional civil service system and the way public
services are delivered. The aim of these changes is to; Reduce the role of government and the number of public employees by using alternative
organizations or mechanisms for providing public services and to increase the flexibility of employment relationships for the public employee that
remain . Although these alternatives are not new, they are however becoming common and these new alternatives are taking over the traditional public
system of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The increased use of temporary, part–time and seasonal workers and the increased hiring of exempt employee through employment contracts.
Employers are reducing cost and enhance flexibility by meeting the minimal staffing requirements through permanent employees and hiring temporary,
seasonal and part–time workers to meet peak workload( these positions are usually low paid, no benefit and are fired at will employees), which
requires minimal skills, and when skills are required such jobs are contracted out to avoid save money . Exempt positions means funds must be
available before such positions are filled, they are not classified within the civil service system, the terms and conditions of these positions are
specified through a contract listing pay and benefits and limiting the terms of employment, they can be fired at will in the event of a change in
management or disagreement, this also means contract can be renewed or denied. This managerial flexibility allows for agencies to reduce their
overhead expenses without having to deal with civil service regulations and collective bargaining and union issues.
2.Change in role of HR administration– In the civil service system the role of the HR administrator is technical, record keeping and processing
personnel issues but the alternative personnel system have brought about a change in the job description of an administrator in that he is now involved
in brokering of deals and mediating of conflicts among competing personnel systems.
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
18. Differences Between Public and Private Sectors Essay
The Differences between
Public Sector and Private Sector
[pic]
by
Robyn Z. Abdusamad
Dr. Deborah LeBlanc
PAD 620– Research Paper
August 23, 2010
The Differences between
Public Sector and Private Sector
SUMMARY
When we examine public sector versus private sector, plenty of differences come to mind. In defining each, we learn a private sector in an economy
consist of all businesses and firms owned by ordinary members of the general public. It also consists of all the private households in which people
live. The public sector in an economy is owned and controlled by a government. It consist of government businesses and firms and goods and services
provided by the government such as the national health service, state ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the other hand, government organizations that are funded through market sales or user charges often have concomitantly greater autonomy from
governmental controls."
Majority of public sectors are managed under a bigger chain of command and control, while private sectors mostly operate in a corporate setting. As
for the differences with their policy decisions, the activities in the public sector have a goal of adhering to what is indicated by law, while the private
sector is driven by the rules of shareholders and corporate owners. Schmidt (2008) states, "The research agenda of companies is more focused and
targeted and therefore perceived as easier to handle for managers. Also, the decision–making process is different. Managers of private enterprises can
19. faster and easier change orientation, focus and targets. This implies, according to some managers, that the instrumentation used in the private sector is
different from the one used within public research." [pic][pic]Finally, the beneficiary of the services provided by the public sector, is the general
public. These goods and services are sometimes provided free and in other cases consumers have to pay a price. The goal
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
20. The Impact of Emerging Technology on the Public Sector Essay
The Impact of Emerging Technology on the Public Sector
The impact of information technology has been tremendous within the public sector. Over the years, the growth and development of technology has
caused the public sector to change. One of the most significant changes in technology has been the evolution of the information systems and how their
development has reshaped the way the world uses technology. "It has been just over fifty years since the worlds first programmable computer became
operational. It cost millions of dollars to build and processed an unprecedented 5,000 instructions per second. By 1971, Intel was able to pack 25 times
that power into a single, two hundred–dollar chip. Today's personal computers process ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
E–mail
Electronic mail is utilized by various local, state and federal entities. E–mail provides a high level of convenience and accuracy in communication.
"Over 40 million workers correspond via e–mail and that number is increasing 20% per year".[ii] Electronic mail (e–mail) is a form of correspondence
that has become a popular form of communication in the public sector. Given its ease of use and convenience, e–mail is becoming the correspondence
of choice through local, state and federal governments. E–mail is used to coordinate various levels of government, communicate information rapidly
and disseminate information to a wide variety of persons in the quickest manner possible. E–mail also delivers cost benefits when compared to the cost
of postal services.
Computerization
In today's public sector environment virtually all federal, state and local government use computers. Computerization has streamlined repetitive
processes, promoting a more cost effective and efficient use of information technology. " Studies suggest that managers look to information technology
to streamline work processes, enable easier access and retrieval of information, provide better products and services, save money by avoiding
workforce expansion, speed up transactions and provide better data security."[iii]
Electronic Services
In previous years, accessing
22. Canada 's Health Care System
Maintaining the health of the nation is one of the priorities of societies throughout the world. Canada 's health care system is an essential value for
Canadians because it provides them equal rights when getting access to government–funded medical care. However, the system is a subject to severe
criticism. A variety of factors, such as technological development, an aging population, and economic climate are a heavy burden on the health care
budget. This, in turn, leads to limitation of certain types of medical care and its availability, for instance, the lengthening of waiting time for some
kinds examinations and treatments. On the other hand, there is a category of the population that is willing to pay for these services, but the present
legislation does not allow for the opening of private clinics. Another matter is that privatization will cause inequalities in the health system. Thus, it is
vital to explore the effectiveness of partial health care privatization as the solution for some existing problems throughout the prism of Canadian values,
possible health outcomes, and improving of the health care quality.
Since 1984, the Canadian health care system is based on five principles of the Canada Health Act: universality, accessibility, portability,
comprehensiveness, and public administration (as cited in Madore & Tiedemann, 2005). This federal document introduces a frame how the public
health care has to be delivered across the country. The delivery of the health care
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
23. Public Services Research Paper
Mengyi ZHOU
POSC497
Professor Christopher Reese
Spring 2017
Assignment #7
As a public service system, there is much more interactions going on between the organization and the public. It is more complicated than
sell–and–buy relationship in the market of private companies. A public organization is more associated with obligation when delivering service and
goods. Not saying that the private organizations has no responsibility to the customers, however, in addition to everything between sellers and buyer, it
is also our liability to provide what the citizens demand for since they've offered their trust and tax dollars.
In Chapter 7 of the PA Companion, the author mainly talks about the feasible method to understand public opinion and dissatisfaction... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the government, PERT is especially useful when the tasks are executed by multiple agencies or independent divisions with specialized expertise
while it usually points out the most effective way to coordinate. Since time is the key issue of PERT, it relies on the subjective estimates of the
managers and the accuracy of timekeeping. The process of PERT has to clarify time commitments, outputs, and interrelationships among participants
for the comprehensive evaluation. Yet, a PERT network is a graphic representation of simple process but it has limited capability to explain detailed
information. Hence, a flowchart, developed from PERT network is adopted to represent a process with sequencing of steps and relative information
and data. A complete flowchart may serve as a tool for developing process with higher efficiency, and for improving coordination and communication
leading to better
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
24. Information, Email And Online Commercial Without Leaving Room
Introduction
Information and communication technology has largely changed people's life in the modern world. For example, studying abroad was too difficult to
achieve in the past because of the long time taken information delivery and transportation. However, now these problems can easily solved by online
information, email and online commercial without leaving room. ICT makes progressive for the efficient for the public services providing through
cutting the services providing cost, enhancing the efficiency of the government and e–participation for citizens to take part in the election in a more
transparent way. E–government is defined by Kettani and Moulin (2014) as 'a process of reform in the way governments work, share information and
deliver services to external and internal clients'. The UN identified e–government as 'utilizing the internet and the world wide web for delivering
government information and services to citizens' (UN, 2003). The first wave of office automation between 1960s and 1970s allowed massive
reductions by cutting clerical jobs, the second wave of automation changes in the 1980s and 1990s reflecting the introduction of more complicated
IT–based procedures (Dunleavy, 2006:18). This essay will explore ways how ICT promote public services in developed and developing countries and
list suggestions to use IT systems efficiently.
In the first session, the essay will indicate that ICT promoted the efficiency with the development of technology providing
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
25. Ict And The New Public Management Principles Long Term Action
With the coming of information era, people has changed their lifestyle by using Internet and communication technology. ICT has made the process of
providing health services, transport system, dealing with governance issue and delivering information in an efficiency way. First and foremost, since
the1980s, the liberalization and privatization of transport services has been fiercely discussed in many European countries and concluded with new
combinations of public–private arrangements(Weber et al., 2014).this contribution of diminish role in public sector is from the New Public
Management principles long term action. Since more than twenty years we can observe a shift in the European that a stronger part now private sector
provided in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Secondly, in the health services, information used commonly online with register, making an appointment and searching for the general symptom.
Using national health services in UK, much more easier to get access with the doctor and no need to queue in a long line. According to Datta (2011),
Four in five Internet users search the Web for health information. With the convenience of IT brings, patients can known how the pain caused and
which medicine can choose. However, Datta (2011) also claims that health information online is also faced with to varying levels, incomplete, incorrect,
oversimplified, and misleading.
Last but the most important part is that ICT brings efficiency to governance and may also led to an IT revolution in not only public services but also
government. Automation makes massive work done by computers which released human beings from simple work. IT system is critical for
contemporary government organizations. According to Dunleavy (2006,p.10), there are four main causes:
пЃ¬'The importance of initially paper–based and later electronic information systems in constituting modern bureaucracies as a socio–technical system;
пЃ¬The impact of IT on the organizational structure of 'machine bureaucracies' especially;
пЃ¬The pervasive importance of IT for the contemporary tasks of government;
пЃ¬Why most policy changes and public management reforms now focus in their timing and scope on shifts in IT and information
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
26. Human Services Themes
Throughout the article there were many key themes discussed by the authors. The article is about restructuring human services in Canada which can
be a complex topic due to various opinions and attitudes toward the services provided. The article studies the services provided to individuals with
development disabilities only, to me this would be a theme (Pedlar & Hutchison, 200). In my opinion it would have been useful for the authors to
explain why they chose to study only those with developmental disabilities. Is it because they use the most services, were they simply interested in
developmental disabilities or was there another specific reason they chose this group? The second theme that was discussed is how services are
affected by funding.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was the first time I had heard about this so I wanted to dig a little deeper to try and fully understand what this meant for human services. The
authors explain that a micro board is a group of individuals, typically friends and family of the disabled that come together to support their loved
one in all aspects of their life (Pedlar & Hutchison, 2000). With that being said, looking at the different types of theoretical frameworks, I was able to
conclude that a micro board can be considered a functional model. In my opinion this is the model that works best for this types of service because it
allows the individual to participate in everyday life, their choices will be considered when making decision and they are not being removed from their
current environment (SWLF 3736, Unit 1, A Theoretical Spectrum ofDisability Perspectives). The authors concluded that the micro boards were a
positive way to deliver services to those with disabilities. The providers as well as the user were able to build a better relationship which help in
delivery of services because it was molded to the individual's specific needs (Pedlar & Hutchison, 2000). To me this seemed slightly bias because they
did not give specific insight on where they got this information. They had quotes from individuals that use micro boards for their children or
themselves but did not tell readers where it was from. In my opinion, it would have been helpful to
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
27. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Commercialisation In Nigeria
In Nigeria, the issue of mismanagement and underutilization which led to huge wastage of resources and manpower potentials gave the government of
the day no other option but to pursue quickly the privatization and commercialization program. They are about six hundred (600) public enterprises in
Nigeria, ran by or controlled by the federal government, many are controlled by the state government. These companies take a sizable portion of the
federal budget and account for over 5000 patronage. Transfers into these enterprises ran into billions on Naira. These transfers were in form of
subsidized foreign exchange import duty waves, tax exemptions and/or write off of unrequited revenues, loans and guarantees and grants/subventions.
These companies ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this definition, service delivery is not just viewed as an activity but also an occupation performed by some individuals who are paid. The service
provided are quiet welfare meant to be consumed by human beings for their well–being. Mishan (1981) contributes that service delivery of that which
is invisible and for which a consumer, firm or government is willing to exchange something of value. This opinion regards service as indivisible
item, which cannot be touched, distributed by a recognized body (example government). The service can be exchanged for something of value,
which is commonly money. He goes further to state that a public good is a good or service to which the exclusion principle is not applicable and
which is provided by government if it yields substantial benefits to society. The government solely to leave outstanding impacts on the society
provides the public service or goods. This goes to mean that the evidence of public service delivery should be seen in the public who are to be
served. According to Ogunna (1999), who sees public enterprises as enterprises set up by government to perform definite social and economic
functions for the public . Public service is a
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
28. The Role And Role Of Public Administration
Public administrators play a huge role in the government and are the bridge connecting the government and the public. They are the public's voice and
ensure that we as people, have our basic needs met. This does not go without issues and dilemmas, which are faced almost daily. Multiple areas of a
public administrator's job need to be taken into account such as public interest, the dilemmas of privatizing government functions, ethical obligations
and administrative responsibility. On the other end of the spectrum, some believe that the needs of the people cannot be accuratley guaged because
our world is ever changing, which would make the job of a public administrator impossible. When public administrators are chosen for their job, it
is believed that they are the best for the job and that they will hold the public's interest at heart. Public interest is that which is the best for the
majority. While not all decisions will make everyone happy because, that is impossible; public administrators ensure that the people's best interest is
being heard. This group of people make sure that regulations and services are passed that will help the people. While these might not be the most
relevant and up to date issues, public administrators are placed to make sure the basics such as social security and where our tax money goes is in
favor of the needs of the people. Public administrators don't get a lot of credit because the things that they ensure are things that we take for granted
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
29. My Passion For Service And Community
I was raised up believing in the importance of service and community as I saw my family members and neighbors selflessly help and be in
community with people in need. It is therefore no surprise that I discovered my passion for service and volunteerism while still young. In my
hometown Nairobi, Kenya, I did community service through various ways, including my involvement in the charity walk for Street Children and
Orphans in Kenya in 2003 and the 2007 Brookside Freedom from Hunger Campaign. I participated in the charity walk for these causes and helped
raise money to support street children, orphans, ending hunger, and was recognized as one of the top three people to raise the most funds. In high
school, I volunteered at the St. Nicholas Children's home in Kenya, where I served, played, and was in solidarity with the children. In 2013, I earned
the President's Bronze Standard award given to me by Honorable Mwai Kibaki, the third president of Kenya for being a young person equipped with
positive life skills and a change maker in my community, country, and globally.
Understanding where I have come from and how blessed I have been to have an opportunity to attend college is what drives me to excel academically.
It is also what makes me feel I must give back.
While at Xavier, I continued my passion for service by gaining leadership positions in various organizations, including the Students Government
Association; African Students' Association; Black Students' Association, and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
30. Reflection on How Master of Science in Public...
My thoughts of public service prior to the MSPA program?
My thoughts about public service before I entered the Master of Science in Public Administration (MSPA) program at California State University, Los
Angeles (CSULA), were most likely different from those of someone who received an undergraduate degree in Public Administration. My
undergraduate degree was in Criminal Justice, and my thoughts of public service were conceived from my personal interactions I had with public
service agencies and media portrayals. My thoughts on public service were that there was a massive hole in "customer" satisfaction, economic
efficiency, and effectiveness causing a lack of confidence in the system.
One major factor was my personal interactions with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Private companies have had huge campaigns over the past few years to stay relevant with their consumers by engaging in social media and free apps,
and transact on their smart–phones. Within e–Government, there are four stages that can be met which are: Presence, Interactions, Transaction, and
Transformation (Garson, 2006).
A second contributing factor to my thoughts about public service was the Medias portrayal of servants in public service. As early as I could
remember there has always been scandals surrounding public service and its servants. Most recently the corruption scandal in the City of Bell, where
the City Manager Robert Rizzo and five City Council members were charged in stealing more than $5 million from the City (Rogers, 2013). Similar
cases like these have caused a huge loss in constituent trust in their government. These types of scandals can cause decades of unrecoverable
relationships between the administrations and the constituents.
Recently, a third report was about the Los Angeles City Council member Jose Huizar. A story about Mr. Huizar surfaced in the media where he was
being sued by his former Deputy Chief of Staff. Although, these were only allegations, and he had not been convicted of any wrong doing the fact is
that these allegations were definitely going to cause some headaches and possibly his re–election as he was getting ready to campaign for his third
four–year term as a council member (Zahniser, 2013). With so
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
31. Privatization Of Public Assets For New Public...
On March 26th, Finance Minister, Mathias Cormann announced that the Government–owned health insurance company, Medibank Private, would be
sold on initial public offering. This announcement made Commonwealth treasurer, Joe Hockey, confident toward selling billions of dollars of public
assets. In return, the Abbott Government will help unlock funding for new public infrastructure projects through reinvestment of the sale proceeding
from existing Government–owned assets. The Commonwealth will provide states and territories incentive payments of 15 per cent of the sale price of
privatised assets, with the returns to be reinvested into new priority infrastructure projects. This Privatization decision is actually a trick from the
Government,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In consonance with opposition, the Government would lose Medibank's annual dividend payment of about $500,000 and sale will increase the
budget scarcity. Stephen Jones, ALP opposition assistant spokesperson on health and convener of the save Medibank alliance, criticize the
Government decision of privatization, receiving unexpected support from Former Liberal Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser, through a written letter in
which Fraser clearly opposes the proposed sale of Medibank Private in 2006. With this arguments, the article encourages the opposition of the sale of
Medibank, and that instead Medibank should be kept in public hands until future "people's Government" can implement any new system of reforms
and extensions for Medicare, Or else, the entire Australian healthcare system, Medicare, will be infected with Privatization, Outsourcing, charges and
fees. On February 15, the rally was conducted at Sydney town, demanding to save Medicare. Ian McCauley, writing in New Matilda, says, two third
of our $60 billion revenue gap is due to healthcare spending, but the decision of privatization must be fought or else the hospitals will soon be too
expensive. If Medibank Private is sold to big corporate,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
32. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Mock Group Essay
Mock Group Discussion: Should Indian Railways be privatized?
This document outlines the script for a mock group discussion. This mock group is planned to have 5 participants – Priyanka, Nitin, Lalit, Sonia and
Meenu. The group will be moderated by Rajkumar.
Rajkumar: Good morning everyone. I, Rajkumar, am the moderator for this session titled – "Should Indian Railways be privatized? You all will be
judged based upon your involvement in the discussion and expression of thoughts. Please refrain yourself from commenting dark and loose to other
members.
With this, I welcome you all and all the best to all members. Let's start with introduction from all you members present here!
Priyanka: Good morning Rajkumar and hello everyone! My name is Priyanka and I am a freelance writer with a knack to research. With this
discussion, I aspire to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Am a graduate and am working with a private firm. I enjoy analyzing numbers and drawing inferences from the available stats.
Lalit: Good everyone. My–self Lalit – am an experienced professional working as Manager in a private firm. I am a people's person and I have an eye
to details which has always brought me laurels.
Sonia: Hello all. I am Sonia and am a home–maker. Today, I am the face of every single family which travels through Indian Railways. I hope to have
an enjoyable ride with you all today!
Meenu. Hey folks! I am Meenu – a student studying in Delhi University. I will be representing the today's youth. (–– removed HTML ––) >.
Priyanka: Though, the Railway Minister Mr. Mahesh Prabhu has been constantly ruling out the prospects of Indian Railways privatization; in my
opinion, this is one such possibility which needs to be dig deeper and analyzed further for practically understanding the possible avenues for its growth.
Lalit: Priyanka, I think more than about the growth of the railway sector its more about the redevelopment of the existing infrastructure of Indian
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
33. Political Functions Of Public Administration
One of the political functions of public administration is implementing the public interest. Public interest is generally presumed to be commonly
accepted good. In ideal world, clear eyes and rational minds are common enough to produce what is commonly good. You are behind a veil and don't
know what group of society you belong to; you would make the best unbiased decision for common. But in real world, where individuals have political
leanings and self–interests, it is really difficult to find a common accepted good. If we live in democracy where the legislative body is determined by
votes of citizens that form the society, we should assume that the legislative body will produce public interest disinterestedly by considering
constituencies' preferences. But we know it is nearly impossible. Therefore, it is one the most controversial areas of public administration. Public
interest can be observed in two different phases: Decision–making process and implementation. How it will be created and how it is implemented? In
my opinion, here is the most important criteria is the time and technology. Time changes perceptions of citizens and administrators. Technology
increases the individuals' access to information and makes it possible analyze the data faster. Today, citizens can reach the information at the
decision–making and implementation process easily. This fact changes the attitudes toward public interest faster than the leaders or administrators
would change their attitudes on
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
34. Combating Rampant Corruption Of Italy
The Law
In November 2012, the Italian Chamber of Deputies passed Anti–Corruption Law 190 for the purpose of combatting rampant corruption in Italy. The
law established the Commissione Nazionale per la Valutazione, la Trasparenza e l'IntegritГ delle Amministrazioni Pubbliche as the anti–corruption
authority in Italy. The law and authority go hand in hand.
Purpose
This national anticorruption authority (CIVIT) was tasked with implementing and overseeing standards on public officials to prevent corruption. The
authority was also constructed to ensure that public officials would comply with all initiatives and guidelines set by the authority. It was also to
determine the causes of public sector corruption and the necessary steps to fix consistent problems. It also needed to cooperate with international
anti–corruption bodies and report to parliament on the effectiveness of its initiatives. It is held accountable for progress made in the fight in Italy's
public sector corruption.
Implementation
All public administrations are required to create an anti–corruption plan and adopt a code of conduct for employees to prevent corruption. A
compliance officer is then placed to ensure that all guidelines are followed and that the created plan was implemented. The officer also makes sure the
plan complied with the authority. If the plan was not respected by employees, it would lead to sanctions and further disciplinary actions.
New Penalties Under 190
Bribery became an offence
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
35. Advantages And Cons Of Outsourcing
2.1 Outsourcing
Kamensky and Morales (2006, 45) define outsourcing as a management strategy that contracts out organizational activities to vendors or suppliers who
specialize in these activities in order to perform them more efficiently and effectively. Outsourcing is defined as the practice of turning over entire
business functions to an outside vendor that can supposedly can perform the specialized tasks better and less expensively than the organization
choosing to outsource. Outsourcing differs from privatization in that outsourcing, the work load is shifted from in–house government providers to the
private sector, but no transfer or sale of assets has occurred. Outsourcing needs the government to remain fully responsible for the provision of all
services and management decisions. Other transactions include direct vendor delivery, hiring long term trained staff, etc.
2.2 Public private partnerships
Haarhoff (2008,14) states that private public partnerships "PPP" can be defined as a concept involving the public and private sectors working in
co–operation and partnership to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The alternative service providers vary from public–private partnerships to usage of municipal agencies and other parties outside the public sphere
(Peters, 225). These services or goods will then benefit the public or the human resource of the public sphere. Auriacombe and van der Waldt (2014: 70)
state that this method assists the government to achieve all desired goals of reengineering, restructuring, right sizing, renewal and ensures the
government to deliver its specialized services in an effective, efficient and economical manner. The government now focuses on the things it does best
whiles delegating other functions to other sectors to distribute other services and tasks.
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
36. Three Currents Affairs Affecting Public Services
CURRENTS AFFAIRS
|Course Tutor – Ali Calthorpe |Year– 2012/2013 |
|Unit – Unit 3 Citizenship and Diversity |Tutor – Ali Calthorpe |
|Assignment Title – The media, current affairs and support within the public services |
|Handout date – w/c 20/05/2013 |Submission date – w/c 03/06/2013 |
|Outcomes Covered |
|Outcome ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You must illustrate that you can |
|report on current affairs and their impact upon your police service in a balanced approach. You will be required to attend an |
|assessment centre and complete various tasks in order to successfully be appointed in the role. |
| |
|Task One: (P7) (P8) |
|Your first task is to write a special news article where you must report on three examples of current affairs that affect |
|public services and citizens (P7). In the final part of your article you should present information on how the media reports |
|current affairs involving public services (P8).You should include in your article how the media have reported these different |
|current affairs and the public services' response.Consider if the media coverage differs in different newspapers or television|
|channels. For example, if some reports are favourable to the services and others not. |
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
37. Public Service Philosophy Essay : Public Services
Public Service Philosophy Essay
"Public service" is a very vague idea for me. To me, there isn't a definite definition that can distinguish what is public service or not. From our
reading, it was pointed out that what public service used to mean, and what it now means has changed immeasurably. From Jobs That Matter,
Heather Krasna defines public service as significantly contributing "to solving problems in society or the world." I think the idea of "significantly
contributing" to society can be demoralizing to even the most altruistic of citizens. If I had to pinpoint what public service is, I believe public service
is volunteering one's time and energy for the greater good of the society as a whole. It's the selfless pursuit of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Public service works can be found in both the public and private sector. Some obvious examples of public service works would be a public school
teacher, servicemen and women, and social workers. These jobs tend to contribute to the public good. Intuitively, works that wouldn't be considered
public service would be jobs that principally intent to serve for the profit of private individuals and conglomerates. With that said, I would consider
private bankers and entrepreneurs as non–public service work. I think there are apparent principle or a set of criteria by which we can distinguish
between public service work and non–public service work. The things to look out for are the objective of the job and who it benefits.
On a different note, proponents of Capitalism would argue that non–public service work like an entrepreneur would indirectly lead to public good. Their
business endeavors can lead to many job creation, and their products can benefit the public. This idea of an "invisible hand", coined by Adam Smith,
believes that an individual pursuing their own interest can ultimately benefit the public good more than if the individual was pursuing the interest of
the public. The same proponents would argue that their work has contributed more to society than governmental, "public service" work.
Honestly,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
38. Advantages Of Privatisation In Malaysia
The privatisation initiative in Malaysia was introduced at the correct juncture in the country's development. It is undeniable that the basis for
privatisation was in keeping with current economic thinking. The rationale for privatisation is based on the premise that governments should restrict
themselves to governing and not venture into running businesses. There are several reasons for this argument, including the undesirability of a large
bureaucracy, the inefficiencies of centralised planning and the crowding–out of private investment. The implementation of privatisation could be
undertaken in such a manner as to undermine the benefits that would otherwise accrue. The proper conduct of privatisation requires that efficiency and
transparency should be considered in the implementation process. Otherwise, the outcomes might not be efficient and there will be an extremely
welfare loss. The implementation of privatisation requires that proper institutions be... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The PAP was reviewed annually with a view to identify measures to expedite the implementation of the programme and to determine the entities to be
privatised in the following two years. The PAP was guided by a study undertaken by private consultants who were commissioned by the government to
review the advisability of privatising government–owned entities (GOEs). The government at that time, did institute a plan for privatisation. The PMP
did define its objectives clearly; it also identified the activities that were to be privatised. The PMP did rank the priority by which projects were to be
privatised, indicating those that were of national importance. PAP was instead, concerned with the different categories of activities to be privatised and
the methods for restructuring non–profitable companies. This document also outlined the stages in the implementation of
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
39. Privatization: Metropolitan Boston Transit Authority...
Privatization: Metropolitan Boston Transit Authority (MBTA) and the California State Compensation Insurance Fund
According to Robert B. Denhardt, Public Administration an Action Orientation, privatization "is the use of non governmental agencies to provide
goods or services previously provided by government." (P.95). Privatization comes in various degrees, from the outright selling or transfer of
government ownership of assets (for example public utilities), to, as is more common in the United States – the contracting of goods or services to
private firms.
Contracting is not something new in government. For example the Defense Department procures new weapons systems from the private sector all the
time and the Pentagon oversees ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are two common areas of privatization, transportation and garbage collection. In Boston for example, the Metropolitan Boston Transit Authority
undertook a huge effort to privatize public transportation. The result was a "private company and a coalition of unions each tentatively chosen to run
their own network of MBTA buses, at costs considerably below what the authority now pays according to a Boston Globe article (Metro, Monday Feb.
3, 1997). How they arrived at this strange equation is unknown but the stated goal was to cut costs though competition. "Such arrangements reflect the
belief that competition brings out the best among contenders–and that by inserting government units into a competitive environment, service recipients
stand to gain much while risking little." (Ammons, D. and Hill D. pg. 12).
Opponents of privatization argue that "any cost savings are attributable to reductions in service quality or to worker exploitation, especially through
lower wages and fewer benefits." (Ibid. 14). They argue further that "the free market has little sensitivity to the issue of equity...and if unfettered may be
expected to exclude nonpaying customers–even if the "public good" would be served by universal access." (Ibid. 14). In a study on trash collection,
while the contractual refuse collections was found to
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
40. Anti Corruption Watchdog Transparency International Ranks...
Corruption is a treacherous plague that has a wide range of volatile effects on societies; it undermines democracy and the rule of law, which leads to
violations of human rights, distortion of markets, and it erodes the quality of life allowing for organized crime, terrorism, and other threats to human
security. Corruption is universal, as it is found in all countries, yet it does the most damage to the developing world. Corruption hurts the poor
disproportionately by diverting funds intended for development, undermining a government's ability to provide basic services, feeding inequality and
injustice and discouraging foreign aid and investment. Corruption is rampant in India, as it has taken a prevalent role of Indian politics and bureaucracy.
Corruption in India has been one of the most interesting and discussed problems in modern political history. Anti–corruption watchdog Transparency
International ranks the national perception of corruption in India to be 85th in the world out of 175 positions, indicating that India's governance is
corrupt and isn't accountable to its citizens. There is a plethora of factors encouraging corruption and not every factor can be discussed, or else the
narrative would run into volumes. Only a few factors can be identified to highlight the impact of corruption (Shekhawat, 2005). It may seem that the
presence of widespread corruption throughout the India conjures notions that the country is inherently dysfunctional, but for politicians,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
41. Essay The Role And Functions Of New Zealand Government
The New Zealand Government has made significant changes to the economy throughout the last 15 years. The operation and organisation of business
activity in New Zealand has been affected by this changing economy. All aspects of the New Zealand Government have been altered. The reason for
this change was to improve the performance by being more efficient. The key reforms are privatisation and corporatisation of State Owned Enterprises
(SOEs) and restructuring government agencies.
The most significant change was the election of the Labour Party in 1984, which ended the Muldoon Administration. At this time,New Zealand was in a
rut because of poor economic management by the previous Government. Unemployment was high in 1983 and still ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Some restructuring and reforms affected these sectors.
The New Zealand Government owned many enterprises such as State Insurance, Air New Zealand, New Zealand Rail, The Bank of New Zealand,
and Telecom. In 1987 most of these assets were sold. By doing this it meant the Government could pay off large accumulated debts and allow these
companies to become more efficient. After the sale of these SOEs that the New Zealand Government has become more efficient too, they can focus on
their primary task by providing essential services. Some of these services include public hospitals, education, benefits, and emergency relief.
From the reforms came a radical change in New Zealand trade. In 1984 the Government devalued the New Zealand Dollar by 20%, then in 1985
introduced a floating exchange rate. Along with that, the removal of agricultural subsidies and import tariffs. It allowed New Zealand to be a fairer
country to trade with. As a direct result, the trade competitive index jumped from 0.72 on 1985 to 0.98 in 1987. Foreign investment increased as the
New Zealand Dollar strengthened against the 'green back' and the pound. Consequently, importing and exporting firms benefited from the change in
policies.
The services that the New Zealand Government provides have ongoing restructuring (which means altering an already established department) in the
State Sector. The State Sector Act 1988, "which departmental Chief Executive is fully
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
42. The Ins and Outs of Public Administration
Leadership and Management POSDCORB: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting and budgeting. These tools are necessary
to perform the ongoing duties of a public administration. POSDCORB emphasizes professionalism, executive control functions, and organizational
theory to governmental organizations for the sake of efficient management practices (Chalekian, 2013).
Planning Planning involves the preparation for an organization to operate at desirable levels to achieve desirable outcomes. Decision making is
involved to resolve various issues that may confront public administrators (Chalekian, 2013).
Organizing Organizing describes compiling the activities an agency or organization may offer and create a reporting structure for the administration.
Strategies for success are set in place to create a hierarchy within an agency.
Staffing Staffing refers to the training of personnel to operate the agency's activities. Skill sets along with the measurement of an individual's progress
in certain tasks. The development of human resources comes into play to acquire personnel for training, hiring and firing.
Directing This management function involves leadership and the motivation of individuals to perform to the organization's expectations. Interpersonal
skills are needed by the management to lead the staff on a positive direction.
Coordinating Coordinating Entails the many functions of a company and "channeling" them into one
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
43. Public Services Privatization Essay
Youness Elhamidi
PADM – 610
Public Management
Research Paper (Week 8)
Privatization of Public Services
Dr. Timothy Bagwell
Department of Public Administration
American Public University
Author Note
Youness Elhamidi, Department of Public Administration, American Public University.
Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Youness Elhamidi, Department of Public Administration, American Public University
System, 111 W. Congress Street, Charles Town, WV 25414. E
–mail: yelhamidi@apus.edu.
Abstract
There two main means of providing and producing public services in the United States at the different levels of government. The first mode is knows as
in–house production by direct government workforce and contracting out to the private sector, which we refer to as privatization.
Privatization in the United States mainly implies contracting out of public services to the public sector. Examples are local governments like the city
or the county contracting out services like street cleaning, garbage pick up and a disposal, education, healthcare, etc.
During the last three decades, privatization has become increasingly popular in our government. This noticeable growth of privatization of public
services has generated lots of discussions and debates among many scholars and left many of asking the questions.
In this paper, I will define privatization and explore different published articles that discuss contracting out to the