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Chapter 1 – From Beginning to End: An Overview of Systems Analysis and Design
Overview
As explained in the preface, the sixth edition of Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World
is a a completely new and innovative approach to teaching systems analysis and design. The intent
of this new approach is to provide a much more example based learning opportunity. As such the
entire first chapter is an example of a complete development project from beginning to end.
Obviously, in a single chapter example, not every step is elaborated. However, by going through the
entire process, students will be able to obtain a broad overview and a clear perspective of the entire
development process.
The chapter first introduces several basic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
requirements, (2) define a solution, (3) work in a team to build the solution and (4) launch the
application so that it is in productive use.
Systems Development Life Cycle
Key Terms project–a planned undertaking that has a beginning and an end, and that produces some
definite result
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)–the entire process consisting of all the activities required
to build, launch, and maintain an information system information systems development process–the
actual approach used to develop a particular information system
Agile Development–an information systems development process that emphasizes flexibility to
anticipate new requirements during development
Notes
The second section in this chapter is an explanation of the Systems Development Life Cycle
(SDLC). The SDLC defines all the activities required to develop a new system. There are many
different versions of the SDLC. This section distills out six core process required for the
development of any new system. In other words, these six core process are common to all types of
SDLCs. By understanding these six core processes, students will not only be able to develop new
systems effectively, but they will be able to adapt to any other SDLC that they may encounter in
industry. The six core processes are: [Note: These six core processes are used throughout the
textbook.] 1. Identify the problem or need and obtain approval to proceed. 2. Plan and monitor the
project–what
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A Conceptual Model of an Erp System Using Uml
A Conceptual Model Of An ERP System Using UML Madhurima1(Lecturer), Madhulika (Lecturer)
Apeejay College of Engineering, Gurgaon1 Flat No.306, kaveri apptt.,GH–4,Sec–21D, Faridabad–
121001 Mob no. 09350350814,E–mail–10madhurima@gmail.com Apeejay College of Engineering,
Gurgaon madhulikabhatia@gmail.com Abstract–In today's competitive and ever changing
environment every business demands paperless operations, a wireless communication of a result of
fully transparent and automated operations of all centers in an integrated and coordinated manner
taking care of the business, actions and decision demands. For this reason an Enterprise wide
management support is needed. The Enterprise Resource planning is a way by which we can assess
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For creating models we need to have certain process other than the use of UML itself. We can use
any tool depending upon the application. Notation guide is available for any references. 2.2 UML
ARCHITECTURE Software Architecture is made up of concurrent multiple views. UML provides a
dynamic view of the system. It has 4+1 view architecture. (Fig. 1) [1]. The 4+1 views allow
developer to comprehend a complex system in terms of its essential characteristics. The views of the
system architecture are not completely independent. Elements of one view are connected to
elements in other views. [3] Figure.1 4+1 View Architecture of UML The Logical view of the
system describes the functional requirements of the system i.e. what the system should provide in
terms of services to its users [2]. The Logical Architecture is described with the help of class
diagrams statechart diagrams. This view has a Main Diagram by default. Additional diagrams can be
added through out the analysis and design process. [7] Implementation view describes the actual
software module organization within the development environment. The modeling elements in this
view are Packages and components with their connections [2]. This view contains the information
about the software, executable and library components for the system. This view contains only
component diagrams. The component view contains a Main diagram by default.

This chapter will describe about the software requirements...
This chapter will describe about the software requirements and specifications of the HBScan
application. This will cover about the purpose, scope, references, overall description, functional and
non–functional requirements, user classes and characteristics, and operating environment. Those
topics will be discuss further in next section.
4.2 PURPOSE
The purport of this document is to present a detailed description of the HBScan. It will explicate the
purport and features of the application, what the application will does, the constraints under which it
must operate and how the application will react to external stimuli. This document is intended for
both the stakeholders and the developers of the application. University students are ... Show more
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This application is a thoroughly independent application for Android contrivances. The application
will be a lightweight and minimal application that relies on system and database information to be
processed and sent to the application for displaying. The only functional dependencies are on the
Google Maps API.
4.5.2 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION
This section outlines the use cases for each of the active readers separately.
4.5.2.1 User Use Case
1) User use case diagram: Figure 1: User use case
2) Brief description:
User can scan the barcode of the product using the scanner app and retrieve the information from the
database. User also can view the information about the product. User can update the database from
the internet and share it through Facebook.
4.5.3 USER CLASSES AND CHARACTERISTIC
The early user will be the students of Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris who have Android devices.
When the application is fully release, the scope will change to all android users. The more people
using this applications, the bigger database that need to be construct. The product of this application
will be only the lawful product certifie with JAKIM only. The product that not on the list will be
considered as now permitted product.
4.6 OPERATING ENVIRONMENT
The application will run on all current versions of the

Concepts Of A Software Engineering Organization
RUP Concepts Explanation Example
Role – shows the responsibilities and behavior of an individual
– Set of individuals working together as a team, within the context of a software engineering
organization. – Analysts
– Project Manager
– Testers
– Designers
– Reviewers
Activity – Describes a piece of work a worker performs
– is something that a role does which provides a meaningful result in making the project – Staff the
project
– Review the design
– Object design
– Detail a use case Artifact – is basically a work product of the process: roles use artifacts to
perform activities, and produce artifacts in the course of performing activities – Request For
Proposal
– Software Requirements Specification
– Software Development Plan
– ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
– Rational purify tool mentor
– Rational SoDA tool mentor
– Rational process workbench tool mentor
Workflow – is a sequence of activities that produces a result of observable value.
– Specifies a set of related activites is performed by which workers producing some artifatcs ,which
provide some observable value to the project – For the requirements analysis , at the first
informations are gathered , then analysed , noise is removed then they are specified in the SRS. This
is a workflow.
Workflow details – is a grouping of activities that are often performed together to produce a specific
result
– gives the details about roles involved, input and output artifacts, and activities performed – In the
requirements analysis workflow details are the inputs from the surveys , interviews and the outputs
from the SRS like tracebility matrix etc.
Phase Activities Milestone

Artifacts Status
Inception Formulating the scope of project i.e., capturing the content, requirements and the
constraints. Planning and Preparing a business case and the environment for the project.
Establishing the project 's software scope and boundary conditions, the overall cost and schedule for
the project and the

Ict 231 Exam Marking Guide
PART 1 – Multiple Choice (25 MARKS) Each item has one correct answer. Mark your answers to
questions 1 to 50 on the computer answer sheet. 1. ____ is the process of understanding and
specifying in detail what an information system should accomplish. a. Systems design b.
Automation c. Systems analysis d. Strategic planning 2. The ______ is an object–oriented system
development methodology offered by IBM's Rational Software. a. Unified Process b. structured
system c. class diagram d. entity–relationship diagram 3. A(n) ____ to development is used when
the exact requirements of a system or the users' needs are not well understood. a. systems
development life cycle b. adaptive approach c. predictive approach d. ... Show more content on
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a presentation table d. a decision table 21. Things that an object can do and that correspond to
functions that act on the object's data are known as: a. actors b. classes c. actions d. methods 22. A
set of objects that share the same attributes and behaviours is known as a(n): a. class b. method c.
operation d. actor 23. In a class diagram a multiplicity of zero or more would be designated by: a.
0..* b. 0–* c. a crow's foot d. a 0 and a vertical line 24. ____ diagrams are used during design to
identify various states of the system itself and allowable events that can be processed. a. State
machine b. System sequence c. Use case d. Class 25. Which use case relationship is used to model
the relationship between a use case and an actor? a. association b. extends c. uses d. inheritance 26.
Which of the following is an example of a tangible benefit? a. improved customer goodwill b.
increased profit c. improved employee morale d. better decision–making 27. ____ is the outsourcing
of the entire data processing and information support capability for an entire organization. a.
Enterprise management b. Program management c. Resource management d. Facilities management
28. A simple technique for determining if and when an investment will pay for itself is known as: a.
schedule investment analysis b. return on investment (ROI) c. payback analysis d. net present value
29. A ______ is

Ooad Lab Manual
Ex.no: 1 STUDY OF UML DIAGRAMS
Date:
UML DIAGRAMS
There are three classifications of UML diagrams:
Behavior diagrams. A type of diagram that depicts behavioral features of a system or business
process. This includes activity, state machine, and use case diagrams as well as the four interaction
diagrams. Interaction diagrams. A subset of behavior diagrams which emphasize object interactions.
This includes communication, interaction overview, sequence, and timing diagrams. Structure
diagrams. A type of diagram that depicts the elements of a specification that are irrespective of time.
This includes class, composite structure, component, deployment, object, and package diagrams.
|Diagram ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
| |
|State Machine Diagram |Describes the states an object or interaction may be in, as well as the
|Medium |
| |transitions between states. Formerly referred to as a state diagram, state | |
| |chart diagram, or a state–transition diagram. | |
|Timing Diagram |Depicts the change in state or condition of a classifier instance or role |Low |
| |over time. Typically used to show the change in state of an object over time | |
| |in response to external events. | |
|Use Case Diagram |Shows use cases, actors, and their interrelationships. |Medium |
USE CASE DIAGRAM:
A use case diagram is a type of behavioral diagram defined by the Unified Modeling Language
(UML). Its purpose is to present a graphical overview of the functionality provided by a system in
terms of actors, their goals– represented as use cases– and any dependencies between those

Task Descriptions as Functional Requirements Essay
Title –: Task Descriptions as Functional Requirements
Article summary
A software system is built based on the requirements. Therefore requirement elicitation is an
important aspect. Functional requirements outline what the system do in order to achieve its goal. A
functional requirement is an action which is performed by user / system to achieve a specific goal.
The authors Marianne Mathiassen and had developed the Tasks & Support method, which uses
annotated task descriptions. As per authors using this process computer and user shall accomplish
together without indicating which actor performs. which parts of the tasks. The author claims that
with this approach higher–quality requirements are produced and are faster to produce ... Show
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At delivery time, users will verify the requirements by performing the tasks and variants.
Article Analysis
In this article the author looks at the requirement analysis process by the task. There are similarities
in this model and the use case model. However in the use case model there is always a actor and one
or many use cases the actor will perform to achieve the goal.
In the task base model the task is independent of the actor. Output will be the results of the tasks
after executing. Further in this model task can be broken into sub tasks and sub tasks can be
executed non sequentially. In use case model the steps have to be executed sequentially. Further as
the use case model the pre conditions which would trigger the task to start must be captured .
Moreover the business rules and all the different variants / conditions of this tasks can be included.
Further using the task base model , all the variants associated when performing this task can be
identified . Moreover new variants can be introduced and implemented easily. Further it is very
good model of capturing the system requirements as the model provides the provision to include
quantifiable requirements. Moreover with it is nature of being close to the user's / stake holder's day
to day operations , is to identify gaps and include any missing , inaccurate requirements.
Talk with the individuals or teams that perform selected tasks to identify both

Building The Web Architecture : Tony's Chips
Building the Web Architecture Tony's Chips needs to understand its business requirements and
organizational goals before building a Web architecture that includes functions such as serving as
the back–up site and evaluating alternatives to the company self–hosting site. Tony's Chips must
employ qualified and knowledgeable information technology (IT) staff to manage its Web
architecture. In addition, the IT staff needs to integrate past and current experiences, skills, and
knowledge in order to successfully plan, implement, and evaluate for the Web architecture. Tony's
Chips needs to consider hiring consultants who can provide its workers with training and
development for the implementation of its project. Training and development are necessary for
many purposes such as maintaining or gaining a competitive advantage over its competitors
(Nelson, 2010). The project should be developed on a modular manner to test the functional
elements of the website. System analysts collect the existing functional requirements and system
documentation from the old website of the company that is running by using the fact finding
techniques. In addition, they will interview the employees to see what should be modify and update.
System analysts are responsibility to select developing the software in house or packed solutions.
Moving Website with Minimal Downtime The company needs to set up a notice on their website
about the migration with a specific period of time before the website is

Case Study : New Software Development Project
A) i) For the Project ASU, the major part is new Software development project. In order to be
successful with customers it is essential for ASU to have significant hit rate driven by capturing
customer value. Customer value is driven by Desired Customer Outcomes. There is need to
understand what customer needs and what will make customer successful. Based on that develop
Business strategies, requirements for the new Software Development. Figure out a way to extract
technology strategy, develop action plans and Implementation procedure. Sometimes the customers
may not know what they really need, but they could describe what will make them successful.
Listen to customers for developing something new to customers. As Dr. Shunk mentioned about ...
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The Systems Engineering Team need to watch out for the problems that will prevent meeting
customer requirements such as requirement creep, changing needs, schedule pressure, excessive
secondary innovation etc (2). ii) The value A in the Effort equation represent calibration factor
which is a constant value that is based on historical projects considering expertise, knowledge and
size of the company factors. The value of A could be arrived considering the project to be handled
by mix of experienced and also less experienced technical people com paring with the standard.
Normally it is less than 1. To validate the calibration factor, it is essential to know the requirements
such as skillset needed for this COSYSMO, adopting the model and reusing the model, risk
involved in cost estimation as most of the time we consider past projects, size drivers with rating,
viewpoints, operational scenarios, schedules efforts, life cycle etc. It is also highly dependent on
cost drivers, size drivers and Effort Multipliers (3).
B. i) According to the cost data given, it is to be inferred that enough work is done at the moth 5
with expenditure of $8 million. Therefore, the Schedule Variance is –$2million and Schedule
Performance Index is 0.8, Cost Performance Index is 1.33. The Estimate at Completion is $18
million saving $ 6million at the

Essay On Home Appliance Control System
HOME APPLIANCE CONTROL SYSTEM
1. Introduction 3
2. Project Overview 3
3. Functional Requirement 4
4. Non–Functional Requirement 4
4.1 Adaptability 4
4.2 Safety 4
5. Use Case Diagram 4
5.1 Actors 5
5.2 Use Cases 6
6. Class Diagram 7
6.1 UML Class Diagram and Description 8
6.2 CRC Cards 9
7. Sequence Diagram 12
7.1 Authentication 12
7.2 Operate Garage Door 13
7.3 Operate TV 14
7.4 Operate Microwave 16

Introduction
A home appliance control system (HACS) is a system which provides various services to remotely
operate on home appliances, such as microwave oven, TV, and garage door etc through remote
devices such as mobile phone, desktop and palm–top. This document furnishes the Use Case ...
The following figure shows the use case diagram of the HACS system from the end user point of
view.
[pic]
1 Actors
1. User User refers to the person who has an account and a password, can log in on HACS, and
operate home appliances remotely by HACS.
2. Admin Admin is a kind of user who has special rights, for example Add/Remove Device and
Add/Remove Remote System, other than basic operations.
3. Device Device refers to computer embedded home appliances that could be added onto HACS,
configured, and operated remotely.
4. TV TV is a special home appliance that has several operations, such as turn on, turn off, increase
volume, decrease volume, and change channel, which can be operated remotely.
5. Garage door Garage door is a special home appliance that has operations of opening and closing
to be manipulated remotely.
6. Microwave Microwave is a special home appliance that has several operations, such as setting
command, setting timer, starting, and so on, that can be operated remotely.
7. Remote System Remote System refers to system that has wireless connection. It can be added
onto HACS system, configured with HACS, and communicate with HACS.
8. Palm–top Palm–top is a special remote system.
9. Cell phone Cell phone is a special remote system.
10. Emergency Department Emergency Department is a public department that can help if

Uml Designs
INDEX 1. Unified modeling language 2. Use case Introduction 3. Use case diagram a. Use case of
ATM machine b. Use case of Library management c. Use case of Railway Reservation System 4.
Class introduction 5. Class diagram a. Class diagram of collage management system b. Class
diagram of Hospital Management system c. Class diagram of Library management system 6.
Interactive diagram Introduction 7. Interactive diagram a. Interactive diagram for ATM machine b.
Interactive diagram for Library Management system c. Interactive diagram for Railway Reservation
system 8. Collaboration introduction 9. Collaboration diagram a. Collaboration diagram for ATM
machine b. Collaboration diagram for Library machine c. Collaboration diagram for Railway ...
The following are behavioral things K ti I stitut h i P 4 ¥ ¤ £¢ 3. Co abora ion: – It de ¡ es inte action
between elements. Roll No:_____________________ OOAD LAB 1. Interaction: – It is defined
as a behavior that consists of a group of message exchanged among elements to accomplish a
specific tas . message © 2. State machine: – It is useful when the states of an object in its life cycle.
It defines the se uence of states and object goes through in response to events. c) Grouping
Things: They can be defined as a mechanism to group elements of UML model together. There is
only one grouping thing available i.e., Package. Package is used for gathering structural and
behavioral things. d) Annotational Things: – They can be defined as a mechanism to capture
remarks, description and comments of UML model elements. There is only one annotational thing
available i.e., Note. Note is used to render comments, constraints and so on of a UML element. K ti I
stitut h i P 5 Roll No:_____________________ OOAD LAB Relationships: The relationship is
another most important building block of UML. They show how elements are associated with each
other and their association describes the functionality of application. There are 5 types of
relationships. They are, 1. Dependency: It is a relationship between two things in which change in
one element also affects another. 2.

Programming Based Security Arrangements And Information...
Literature Survey Programming based security arrangements encode the information to keep
information from being stolen. In any case, a malicious program or a hacker may degenerate the
information with a specific end goal to make it unrecoverable or unusable. Likewise, encoded
working frameworks can be adulterated by malware from a programmer, making the framework
unusable. Equipment based security arrangements can avoid read and compose access to
information and henceforth offers extremely solid insurance against altering and unapproved access.
There is an alternative to software based security which is hardware based. Security tokens, for
example, those utilizing PKCS#11 might be more secure because of the physical access required so
as to be bargained. Access is given only when the associated token is matched and the right PIN is
entered (two factor validation). Dongles can be also be utilized by any individual who can increase
physical access to it. More current advancements in technology provide a solution to this problem
by offering more security for data. Working of Hardware based Security.Hardware based security is
provided by a gadget which allows a user to create admin privileges through manual actions. The
gadget uses biometric identification to keep malicious users from signing in, logging out, and
changing admin privileges. The state of the gadget users is read by the hard disk controller device.
Any illegal access by a hacker or a malicious program is

OOSE 2015 Project Minecraft
OOSE 2015 – Project Marks:        40% of overall marks for module. Project
deliverables should be completed in groups of two (2) people. The main objective of this project is
the development of a computer system for a Minecraft Game System. The project is composed of
multiple sections or deliverables. The project work should be carried out in as homework and in
specified labs. You may use any diagramming tool (Rational Rose, Visio, Gliffy, Smartdraw etc.) to
carry out the project but the final work must be presented on paper. IBM Rational Rose must be
used to complete at least three deliverables. The full Project needs to be completed and returned to
Pádraig de Burca on paper by Thursday 9 April 2015 / Saturday 11 April 2015 as ... Show more
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(10 Marks) (v) Create a glossary that lists and defines all the terms that require clarification. (5
marks) (vi) Draw a System Sequence diagram from the conceptual model. (10 Marks) (vii) Develop
a Contract for any system operation in the system sequence diagram. (5 marks) (viii) Draw a
Collaboration diagram based on the above contract. The collaboration diagram should demonstrate
the use of design patterns. (15 marks) (ix) Draw a Component diagram for the system. (10 marks)
(x) Draw a Deployment diagram for the system. (10 marks) (xi) Presentation (how well does the
package of models look?). (6 marks) (xii) Use of Rational Rose. (9 marks) OOSE Minecraft Project
Page 3 Notes UC Modelling Principles          Relevant Actors are Identified
Relevant UC's are identified UC's provide value to the actor UC descriptions are based on a
template The UC is described in great detail The activation is correctly written Mainflow is a
sequence of logical transactions The mainflow is enumerated Alternate flows are described and
labelled correctly Class Diagram Concepts The conceptual class diagram should demonstrate the use
of  names from the problem domain as documented in the use case,  attributes and methods, 
relationships,  roles,  constraints,  association class,  multiplicity  composition Principles
for Interaction Diagrams and Patterns   Demonstrate interaction diagrams collaboration
diagrams, sequence diagrams, statechart

Client Technology Tracking System Essays
Client Technology Tracking System (CTTS)
System Analysis and Design
[Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of
the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of
the contents of the document.]
2011
Client Technology Tracking System (CTTS)
System Analysis and Design
[Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of
the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of
the contents of the document.]
2011
Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Company Overview 3 Section 1: Methods and Procedure 5
Methods 5 The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This kind of situation seems to happen almost every day. Anna suggests a company wide database
that would store this kind of information. (Exhibit A–1) * Meeting between Anna Kelly
(analyst/programmer), Kathy Grey (receptionist/bookkeeper), Doug Drake (system integrator), and
Ben Logan (IT consultant). * How things are currently handled at the company are covered. (Exhibit
A–2)
For illustrating the results of the fact finding and problem formulation we used Problem Statements
matrices, Problems, Opportunities, Objectives, and Constraints Matrices etc. For the analysis and
design of the new system, we used DFDs (context diagram, diagram 0), use case diagram and use
case narratives, ERD and interface design. The DFDs and ERD diagram are designed using
Microsoft Visio 2007, and the interfaces are designed using visual studio 2008. * Problem Statement
Matrix * * Problems, Opportunities, Objectives, Constraints Matrix * Cause and effect analysis is a
technique in which problems are studied to determine their cause and effects * Use–Case Glossary *
List of Use–Cases 1. Use Case – A behaviorally related sequence of steps (scenario), both automated
and manual, for the purpose of completing a single business task. Description of system functions
from the perspective of external users in terminology they understand.

* Use–Case Model

The Job Of The Analyst
The part of the job of the analyst in identifying a business need that looks interesting and enjoyable
to me would be engaging the stakeholders (organization management, sponsors/champions, and
system users among other stakeholders) in identifying the various business requirements. This, in
my view, is one of the crucial areas because it would allow me as an analyst to understanding the
state of an existing system and determine how a new system would impact on the business
performance of an organization. Without a clear picture of the business requirements, there is a high
likelihood that a new system would not bring the anticipated results. I would use my interviewing
skills to get the different perspectives of the stakeholders as an initial step in system development. It
is clear to me that interviewing, as a method of gathering business requirements, is sometimes
cumbersome and time consuming. However, I am of the view that with the right skills in conducting
interviews, an analyst can be able to probe deeper on issues and challenges of an existing system
and the specifications that a new system is expected to meet. I would achieve this through
conducting individual interviews, joint interviews as well as forming focus groups. The part of the
job of the analyst in identifying a business need that looks unenjoyable to me and that which would
not suit me would be digging into the financial records to investigate the impact of an existing
system and postulate how a new

Application Of Uml Using Uml Diagrams Used At Each Stage...
What is the role of UML in the software development process. Give examples of the UML diagrams
used at each stage of the software development process ? The role of UML in the software
development process: UML is a standard language for specifying, visualizing, constructing and
documenting the artifacts of software systems. UML is a pictorial language used to make software
blue prints. UML is used to model software systems but it is not limited to that boundary it is also
used to model non software systems as well like process flow. We can also generate codes in various
languages using UML diagrams. UML has relation with object oriented analysis and design later it
becomes an object management group. UML diagrams are used to model ... Show more content on
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Design of a framework comprises of classes, interfaces and joint effort. UML gives class outline,
article chart to bolster this. Implementation characterizes the parts collected together to make a
complete physical framework. UML segment graph is utilized to bolster execution point of view.
Process characterizes the stream of the framework. So the same components as utilized as a part of
Design are likewise used to bolster this point of view. Deployment speaks to the physical hubs of the
framework that structures the equipment. UML sending outline is utilized to bolster this point. Class
diagram: Class diagram is basically a graphical representation of the static view of the system and
represent the different aspects of the application. So a collection of class diagrams represent the
whole system. Class diagram is likewise considered as the establishment for part and sending
outlines. Class outlines are not just used to envision the static perspective of the framework however
they are additionally used to build the executable code for forward and figuring out of any
framework. Generally UML diagrams are not directly mapped with any object oriented
programming languages but the class diagram is an exception. Class diagrams are used for
describing the static view of the system and showing the collaboration among the elements of the
static view. Class diagram constructs software applications using object oriented language.
Component diagram: Component diagrams are

The Administrator Will Click On `` Send Status `` Option
1. After logging to the system the administrator will click on send status option. 2. After a click on
above option, the urban officer can see some request which had been send by the users and then
he/she will be sending the status to the system administrator. To model a system the most important
aspect is to take the changing behavior. To make it clear a little in details, changing behavior means
the way the system behave when it is running operating. So only unchanging behavior is not enough
to model a system rather active behavior is more important than stationary behavior. In UML there
are five diagrams available to model active nature and use case diagram is one of them. Now as we
have to talk about that the use case diagram is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Class diagram commonly contain the following things: 1. Classes 2. Interfaces 3. Collaborations 4.
Dependency, generalization, and association relationships. The class diagrams are extensively used
for the modeling of object oriented systems because they are the only UML diagrams which can
match directly to object oriented language. The class diagram shows a set of classes, interfaces,
associations, collaborations and restrictions. It is called a structural diagram. Description: The class
diagram shows the static design view of a system. It shows the relation between classes,
collaborations and interfaces. The system has the following classes. Administrator: This class shows
the details of the Administrator. It contains admin id, password as attributes. It has the operations
like Add Officer () Delete Officer() Receiving Requests() Providing Services() User: This class
shows the details of the Administrator. It contains user id, password as attributes. It has the
operations like Financial Request() Training Request() Service Request() Town officer: This class
shows the details of the urban officer. It contains the id and password, location as attributes. It has
the operations like Receive Requests () Verification() Specify Status() Training center: This class
shows the details of the Training center. It contains the id and password, location as attributes. It has
the

Nt1310 Unit 2 Team Assignment
The following figure (see Figure A1) shows the concept map task creation use case. An instructor
can create a concept map task and name it, add a concept mapping question to the task, update a
question in the task, delete a question from the task and view a question in the task, as well as
change attributes for a question in the task. Figure A1. Creating a concept map task use case
diagram
Figure A2 displays the assigning a concept map task use case. When an instructor wants to assign a
concept map task, he or she can set some attributes for the task. For example, the instructor can set
task beginning date and due date. The instructor can choose to assign the concept map task to the
registering student ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A student may interact with the user module and task module to take a concept map task. After
registering the knowledge assessment system, the student logs in the system with valid user name
and password and obtains authenticated by the user module, then the student can select a concept
map task which has been assigned to him or her by the instructor, and take the concept map, then
submit his or her response. Figure B1 shows how a student takes a concept map task and submits his
or her response. Figure B1. The interaction diagram of taking a concept map task
The interaction for requesting an assessment report for students. A student may interact with the user
module, assessment module and report module to request an assessment report after submitting her
or his concept maps. After logging in the system with a valid account, the student can request an
assessment report, and the report module would check whether the assessment report is ready; if not
ready, the report module would communicate with the assessment module to get the auto–assessing
results and generate the assessment report, then send the assessment report back, Figure B2 shows
how a student requests an assessment

Unified Modeling Language ( Uml ) For Database Systems And...
Unified Modeling Language (UML) for Database Systems and Computer Applications Abstract This
paper shows the ideas of database frameworks and also the outline of the utilization of Brought
together Demonstrating Dialect (UML) as a standard documentation of true protests in creating item
situated configuration procedure for PC applications. The UML is a device for determining
programming frameworks that incorporate institutionalized charts to characterize outline and
outwardly guide or model a product framework 's configuration and structure. UML graphs
incorporate the utilization case outline, class chart, grouping graph, state diagram graph, movement
chart, segment chart, and sending graph. The incorporation of these graphs to distinctive
programming methods has been examined. Keywords: android, android platform, SQLite database
1. Introduction The initial phase in building up an article situated outline approach for PC
applications and in addition for database frameworks is the utilization of UML (Bound together
Demonstrating Dialect) as a standard documentation for the displaying of true questions.
Programming frameworks originators and engineers are given numerous decisions for giving solid,
adaptable and effective article constancy for PC applications and database frameworks. They could
pick between Item Arranged, Object–Social cross breeds, unadulterated Social and custom
arrangements taking into account open or exclusive record groups. UML is viewed as an

Essay On Unified Modeling Language
The Unified Modeling language (UML) was released by the Object Management Group (OMG) in
the effort to provide a standardized design language to build and develop computer applications. The
purpose of the design language is to allow IT professionals to distribute system structure and design
plans in a comprehensible graphical manner, similar to blueprints of a building. Modeling is an
important part of software projects, large and small. With modeling, the software development team
are better able to work with the end–user in providing a visual program design. Surveys reveal that
the development of large software applications have many impediments and have a large probability
of failure. Modeling provides a greater opportunity for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The use–case diagram's purpose is to help development teams visualize the functional requirements
of a system, including the relationship of actors (human beings who will interact with the system)
to essential processes, as well as the relationships among different use cases. The class diagram
shows how the different entities (people, things, and data) relate to each other. The Sequence
diagrams is almost self explanatory, it shows a detailed flow for a specific use case or even just part
of a specific use case. The statechart diagram models the different states that a class can be in and
how that class transitions from state to state. Activity diagrams show the procedural flow of control
between two or more class objects while processing an activity. A component diagram provides a
physical view of the system. Its purpose is to show the dependencies that the software has on the
other software components (e.g., software libraries) in the system. The deployment diagram shows
how a system will be physically deployed in the hardware environment. Its purpose is to show
where the different components of the system will physically run and how they will communicate
with each other. Two main criticisms of UML is whether diagrams are needed at all, and during
what stage of the software development process they should be used, also, the frequency of any
updates of the diagrams. The other is that the UML diagrams just lack the detail

Application Of Unified Modeling Language
ASSIGNMENT–3 Summary some developers like Jacobson et al, Rumbaugh et al, Booch
developed competing object oriented software engineering methods. Unified modeling language
(UML) is developed in mid 1990s by combining such previously developed software engineering
methods. Object management group(OMG) took control of UML formal evolution in to its hand. It
is largely used as it is considered as a modeling standard for object oriented software development.
Some books, articles and contributions are done by the researchers for defining various aspects of
the software and guidelines on how to use this language. It is important to remember that UML is a
language not a methodology, so that we cannot have consistent guidelines. They even did a
examination on unified modeling language because of its widely acceptance. They even got little
evidence on the level and nature of unified modeling language use. There study included seven
unified modeling language components which are used in system analysis and design. Which
addressed three key questions they are firstly, to what extent and purposes can unified modeling
language analysis components can be used. secondly, does the complexity of the language is due to
the differences in the levels of component use and do such differences exist or not?.thirdly, do UML
is successful in establishing proper communication between the software

SOF 535 Chocoholics Anonymous Report Te Essay
Chocoholics Anonymous
Team Protégé
Thomas P. Vande Zande
Padma Rilapur
Sravani Tadimeti
Tenaaz Aqthari Syed Muneer
Stratford University SOF 535
Professor Butu
December 6, 2014
Abstract *Enter abstract here*
Chocoholics Anonymous
While assessing the needs of the Chocoholics Anonymous organization our team agreed
unanimously that we wanted to gain the most value out of this project. We first sat down and
decided our approach for how to handle this project in the most professional and business simulating
way possible. During this sit down we agreed to treat this project like a real business venture. For
that we would use a hybrid approach that consisted of some project management techniques as well
as agile software ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These use cases would drive the goals of the project and our general though and planning process to
the user interface.
User Experience
We found that as we defined the use cases we began immediately thinking about how the use cases
would look as a user interface and user experience. The user experience is an important piece to the
overall puzzle of creating software. According to blog writer Dmitry Fadeyev a good user interface
needs to be clear, concise, familiar, responsive, consistent, attractive, efficient, and forgiving
(Fadeyev, 2009). When we set out to come up with a mocked user interface we talked about what
items would make these graphics easy to understand. As well what would make them pop on the
page or whatever would display them. For this we came up with a decent mocked set of graphics in
html to emulate what the user would see in the interface for the application. This set of mocked up
graphics would prove to be attractive, consistent, and even familiar. The other items on the list such
as responsiveness, efficiency, and forgiveness would have to be realized after the actual
development itself was accomplished.
The screen shots in Appendix E clearly show the basic principals we attempted to mock/create. We
knew that a basic drop

A Study Of A Problem Domain Essay
System Analysis is the study of a problem domain to recommend improvements and specify the
business requirements and priorities for the solution. It involves the analyzing and understanding a
problem, then identifying alternative solutions, choosing the best course of action and then
designing the chosen solution. It involves determining how existing systems work and the problems
associated with existing systems. It is worthy to note that before a new system can be designed, it is
necessary to study the system that is to be improved upon or replaced, if there is any. 3.1 THE
EXISTING SYSTEM 3.1.1 REVIEW OF THEEXISTING SYSTEM Timetabling is the whole
process concerned with making a timetable having events arranged according to a time when they
take place which must be subject to the timing constraints of each entity placed in the table.
University timetabling in this context refers to the rigorous task educational center staff in a Federal
University Lokoja undergo to draw up timetables that satisfies various courses that should
compulsorily be inherent in the final timetable solution. These courses are usually taught by varied
lecturers in different departments who may also wish to specify some timing constraints on their
courses. Given all the courses and course details, the educational center staff in Federal University
Lokoja is charged with the responsibility of creating a near optimal timetable which would serve as
a guide for academic activities in the university.

Different Methods Of Collaboration
Activities: An activity represents the performance of some behavior in the workflow. Transitions:
Transitions are used to show the passing of the flow of control from activity to activity. They are
typically triggered by the completion of the behavior in the originating activity. Decision points:
When modeling the workflow of a system it is often necessary to show where the flow of control
branches based on a decision point. The transitions from a decision point contain a guard condition,
which is used to determine which path from the decision point is taken. Decisions along with their
guard conditions allow you to show alternate paths through a work flow. 10. Identification of
analysis classes 1) use–case driven approach One of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this case, we know from the use case diagram that the traveler is the actor for this use case. The
use case description tells us that traveler search for the flight by giving arrival and departure city.
The objective of the use case search flight is allowing the user to search for flights First begin by
picking out from the description all the important things or concepts in the application domain. Our
first list might include traveler, airline database, and user database. But we are only interested in
those about which the system must store some information or knowledge in order to achieve its
objectives. The traveler will be modeled as an actor. For the purposes of this particular use case, it is
unlikely the system will need to encapsulate any further knowledge about the actor. The
collaboration diagram for the above use case. Collaboration is between individual object instances,
not between classes. This is shown in the diagram by the convention of writing a colon before the
class name, which indicates that this is an anonymous instance of the class, rather than the class
itself. Messages between classes are shown by arrows, and their sequence is indicated by the
number alongside. In this example, these are not yet labeled, although some those that can be most
easily related to the use case description will probably soon be given names that correspond to
responsibilities of the class to which the message is

Cs 2401 Unit 1
CS 2401: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 1 UNIT 4 DISCUSSION ASSIGNMENT Discuss the 4+1
model of software engineering This is The 4+ 1 Model of a systems architecture in year 1995 the
person name called Philippe question developed a model that lets architects break down and look at
a system according to five different views and this called the 4 +1 model. When you're trying to
look at something a large and complex as an entire system architecture it's useful to be able to break
down the hole in two sets of related parts you can use the 4+1 model to understand the role that each
kind of UML diagram plays in the model that you're creating as a whole as follow– Here the model
depicts five use the logical view, the process view, the physical view, development view and use
case view. These views of the system are concurrent and each offers its own ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
So you could say that logical view describes the system's object model. *Uml diagram that show the
logical view include these class diagrams and class diagrams by the way are by far the most
common kind of uml diagrams. you'll be seeing and working with these a lot also state diagrams,
object object diagrams, sequence diagrams, and communication diagrams. Each type of diagram has
its own set of function statement definition. Process view– this describes a system's processes, it
shows any communication between those processes, explores what needs to happen inside the
system. Particularly helpful when your system will have a number of simultaneous threads or
processes. And uml activity diagrams represent the process view. Physical View– this models the
system execution environment, maps software artifacts onto the hardware that hosts them. *Uml
deployment diagrams are used to model the physical view of a

The Unified Modeling Language ( Uml )
The Unified Modeling language (UML) is defined in the Software Engineering as a form of defining
the design of the system. It is a way to envision the system architecture in the form of a diagram.
The paper discusses about the genesis of UML modeling and the forms of diagrams which are used
in the UML modeling based on the survey conducted on various employees based on their skill set
and level of experience in the software engineering field. Now we will go through each aspect of the
UML modeling and try to derive conclusions on how far was UML modeling has been able to
penetrate into day to day activities of this field and also discuss about the complexities associated
with each components of the UML modeling as well as pros and cons. UML is powerful modeling
language by which we can develop many diagrams which are user ready.UML can be used in web
and commercial applications etc.UML is used to visualize, construct and to make a note of the
software systems. In the beginning it was only used for the object oriented documentation and it can
be also applied in the visualization of certain systems for elements such as discrete components in a
system and their interaction and user interaction. The UML contains many diagrams which are used
to envision a system architecture. In UML the diagrams are divided into two types
mainly1)Structural UML diagrams and 2)Behavioral UML diagrams . The Structural UML diagrams
contain class diagram, composite diagram, component diagram,

Types And Categories Of Requirements
2) Describe the Types and Categories of Requirements. Discuss the Requirements Artifacts that are
offered in the Unified Process. Requirements are categorized as functional and non–functional.
Functional (behavioral) requirements identifies/recognize the actions that are required to complete
the user goals. For example, for a receptionist to create an appointment for the patient, he/she must
take numbers of steps, such as logging into the system by providing appropriate ID/password, find
patient in the system, select date/time/doctor for appointment, saves the appointment etc. One of the
best ways of documenting functional requirements are use case. Functional requirements are what
the user expects from the system/software. For example if the system is to schedule an appointment
for patient, then that system should be able to create a new appointment, edit/modify the existing
appointment, cancel/delete an existing appointment, etc. Basically, functional requirements defines
what a system is meant to do and on the other hand, non–functional requirements defines how a
system is supposed to be. Non–functional requirements are not related to the functionality of the
product/system. It defines the qualities around the system (FURPS+ model) and not the specific
behavior of a given system. In the Unified Process, requirements are categorized as FURPS+ model
which means functional, usability, reliability, performance and supportability. + in FURPS+ are
sub factors such as

Summary And Critique : How Uml Is Used
Summary and Critique : How UML is used Summary: Unified Modeling Language is used in the
field of Software Engineering which depicts the view and documentation of a software system. The
UML diagram helps in code generation but much information is lost in code generation. It uses
object oriented design concepts. This was proposed by Grady Booch, Ivar Jacobson and James
Rumbaugh. The paper provides the statistics and usage of UML in various phases of Software
Development. The Client Involvement with UML components is presented and analyzed. The paper
discusses how the UML is used and its extent of use and how successful in implementing it. UML
has nine types of diagrams out of which six diagrams are considered in researching. The paper
considered only 6 out of 9 of which they are Use Case, Collaboration, Activity, Sequence, State
chart, Class Diagrams and Use Case narratives are used to survey. The Object diagram is closely
related to Class Diagram. The Deployment and Component Diagram used in architecture modeling
are removed from the survey as they are less relevant. The Survey results states respondents
involving in an average of 27 projects about 6.2 using UML over an average 15 year career in
information technology. Half of the UML projects are not use–case driven. Class Diagrams re most
used component. Developers believe that UML diagrams can be understood by clients. Most of the
system analysts and programmers use class and sequence diagrams and use–case narratives.

Evaluation Of A Use Case Analysis
6.0 USE CASE ANALYSIS
The Use Case analysis is a method which focuses highly on the systems functional Requirements
and when completed will consist of a Use Case Model. The model consists of actors, Use cases, use
case scenarios and other criteria which helps represents the use case. Within a use case Model there
are many relationships (generalization, include and extends) which help represent the flow and
functionality of the system and its entity's.
A Use case describes the behaviour of a process within a system and usually has relationships with
actors (external sources who interact with system). A Use Case scenario is identifying the specific
executions carried out during a Use Case and these help create and gather requirements.
Requirement Specification Approaches Evaluations Volere O' Brien Use Case analysis
Advantages Reduces Risk Of Requirements not being executed Easier for business directors to
understand approach Manages the complexity of the system Follows a highly recommendable
structure Highly supported for Testing Shows interaction with the system in an understandable way
Reduces Risk of Scope changes Focuses from the start on business goals Helps envisage the
outcomes from the system by analysing processes Allows for the business requirements to be
modified Easy to organize architecturally important requirements Shows inputs to the processes and
is the basis for requirements
Disadvantages Requires a high amount of business time and resources Method

Model Driven Development Of Real Time And Distributed...
Model–Driven Development of Real–Time and Distributed Software SYSC–5708 (Department of
Systems and Computer Engineering) PROJECT REPORT FALL 2014 Prof. Dorina C. Petriu
Submitted by: TARANJEET SINGH #7212973 ELEVATOR SYSTEM MODELLING USING
UML INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT In this project a descriptinve UML modelling for an
elevator control system is depicted. Elevator system can be considered as an real time embedded
system and hence the object oriented concepts of UML can be exploited. Although the current
object–oriented analysis and design methods focus only on the software of a system which might be
troublesome for a real time system merely because of more comprehensive and intellegent approach
that it requires. Some of the real time aspects that needs to be considered are : 1. Modeling of the
network 2. Time constraints 3. Definition of task and task communication 4. Definition of hardware
elements and their characteristics However, UML can be used to define and analyse a real time
features of a complex system and can somewhat address the above mentioned aspects. In order to
describe the modelling from the hardware and software side, we have made use of three different
views to model the structure of the system namely object construction and the software structure
view which plays role to describe the software architecture of the system and the third one is the
system architecture view which represents the system hardware and

Examples Of Object Oriented Analysis Design
Object Oriented Analysis Design (OOAD) Object Oriental Analysis Design is a hands on approach
used to model and create systems as a group of interacting objects. The term Object, describes a
form of entity or thing of concern. Objects are typically modeled after real world entities or
concepts. For the business analyst, examples of objects may range from; invoice, product, contract,
etc. Objects usually contain attributes that can be set to specific values. With Object Oriented
Approach to system design, it tries to lessen the impact of problems by combining related data and
functions into the same module. Objects In the real world can be characterized by two things; data
and behavior. For example, a television is an object and possess data in the sense that it is tuned to a
particular channel, the scan rate is set to a certain value, the contrast and brightness is a particular
value and so on. The television object can also do things. The television can switch on and off, the
channel can be changed, and so on. Below is a graphical representation of a single object and its
characteristics: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the object–oriented analysis (OOA) phase object–modeling techniques are used to analyze
the functional requirements for a system and create models which reflect the logical design of the
system. During the object–oriented design (OOD) phase of the system, models are elaborated upon
to include implementation specific details that show how the physical design of the system will
come together. OOA focuses on what the system does (its static structure and behavior), OOD on
how the system does it (its run–time implementation).

Quality Assurance. Quality Assurance Approach. White Box
Quality Assurance
Quality Assurance Approach
White box testing approach is used to ensure the quality of the components in the web application.
This is essentially done by the developers who have implemented the requirements and have
knowledge of the functionality. In addition, during the iterative development the business analysts
who have written the business use case are also involved in this white box testing when the
component is fully implemented. This quality control process eventually leads to assurance of
quality. The QA process also verifies all documents are available in the project repository. This
includes the versioned project plan, weekly bug lists i.e. open and closed bugs, enhancement request
that need to go through ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The record is maintained in a tabular format and the corrective actions are planned to create new
revisions of the project artifacts. If the requirements were not met as expected by the use cases, then
the revision is part of the iterative development. If the formative evaluation results in changes to the
original requirement, then the change is processed through the change control management plan. For
example, one of the requirement mentioned that the time zone option list should show up only if the
transfer reason was time zone change. While this passed the unit test during formative testing, the
business user then realized, the service request could have a different reason like manager discretion
and still need time zone alignment. So, the business user created a change request to remove the
dependency of showing the time zone option list and instead show it all the time.
Another change was made to the notification message in case of rejection of a transfer request. The
business user, during formative testing, realized that a message of rejection sounds demoralizing, so
it was decided to change the message to indicate that the request has been closed as it needs more
information. The idea was to soften the blow of not doing what the engineer wanted. Since this was
a minor change in text, it was incorporated without additional budgeting.
Summative Evaluation Plan
At the end of the project,

Taking a Look at Enterprise Architect UML Tool
Quiz 2: Tool Template 1. Full title or Brief Description: Enterprise Architect is a UML tool
developed by SparxSystems. It is visual and powerful UML design tool. It is integrated environment
with additional functionalities to user. 2. Technical Specification and Platform Requirements:
Enterprise Architect runs on Windows platform without any extra software requirement. Extra
software is needed to run Enterprise Architect on Linux operating system. Windows operating
system: 1. Windows operating system. 2. Minimum 128 MB RAM to run application. 3. 175 MB
hard disk to store files. 4. 1024 * 768 or higher resolution display. Linux operating system: 1. Linux
kernel 2.4 or new version. 2. Crossover software. 2.1. Download and install Crossover. 2.2. Under
Crossover menu select 'install windows software' and locate Enterprise Architect. 2.3. Change the
installer to setup.exe. 3. 64 MB RAM. 4. 174 MB free hard disk space. 5. 1024 * 768 or higher
resolution display. 3. URL: Downloaded from: http://www.sparxsystems.com/products/ea/trial.html.
30 days trial version is available. Documentation of tool is available on Sparx systems website. In
overview section on website, features of tool are described. Release history, different editions of
tool, license information and user guide is also available. 4. Introduction: Enterprise Architect is a
visual platform for designing and constructing software systems. The purpose of the

Applying The 4 + 1 View With Uml
Applying the 4 + 1 View with UML 2
Summary
The (UML) Unified Modeling Language is a general–purpose modeling language in the field of
software application design, which is developed to supply a conventional means to envision the
design of a system. It was produced and created by James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson and Grady
Booch at Rational Software during 1994–95 with additional advancement led by them with 1996. In
1997 it was embraced as a basic by the (OMG) Object Management Group, and has actually been
handled by this company since. In 2000 the Unified Modeling Language was likewise approved by
the (ISO) International Organization for Standardization as an authorized ISO specification. Ever
since it has actually been regularly modified ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The timeline reveals the highlights of the past of object–oriented modeling techniques and symbols.
It is initially based upon the notations of the Booch approach, the (OMT) Object–modeling method
and (OOSE) Object–oriented software engineering, which it has actually incorporated into a solitary
language.
 UML 2. X
Apparently, the UML 2.0 significant modification switched out version 1.5 in 2005, which was
created by a bigger consortium to boost the language further to mirror brand–new experience on the
use of its attributes. Even if UML 2.1 was never ever launched as an official requirement, versions
2.1.1 and 2.1.2 showed up in 2007, adhered to by UML 2.2 in February 2009. UML 2.3 was
officially launched in May 2010. UML 2.4.1 was officially released in August 2011. UML 2.5 was
launched in October 2012 as a Present version and has yet to come to be formally launched.
There are 4 parts of the UML 2. X spec:.
 The Facilities that define the core meta model on which the Superstructure is based
 The (OCL) Object Constraint Language for specifying guidelines for model aspects
 The UML Layout Interchange that specifies exactly how UML 2 diagram formats are exchanged
 The Superstructure that specifies the symbols and semiotics for diagrams and their design
components
 The existing versions of these criteria comply with

UML Superstructure

Uml Lab Manual
OOAD THROUGH UML LAB MANUAL K MALLIKHARJUNA RAO Asst. Professor
Department of MCA Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology Bachupally,
Hyderabad– 500072 Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction Class Diagrams Object Diagrams Interaction
Diagrams i. Sequence Diagrams ii. Collaboration Diagrams 5. Behavioral Modeling i. Use case
Diagrams 6. Activity Diagrams 7. Advanced Behavioral Modeling i. State Chart Diagrams 8.
Architectural Modeling i.Component Diagrams ii.Deployment Diagrams Introduction In late
1960's people were concentrating on Procedure Oriented Languages such as COBOL, FORTRAN,
PASCAL...etc. Later on they preferred Object Oriented Languages. In the middle of 1970–80 three
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
– Define a society of roles and other elements. – Provide cooperative behavior. – Capture structural
and behavioral dimensions. – UML uses ‗pattern‖ as a synonym (careful) Name Behavior 4.Use
Case – – – – A sequence of actions that produce an observable result for a specific actor. A set of
scenarios tied together by a common user goal. Provides a structure for behavioral things. Realized
through a collaboration (usually realized by a set of actors and the system to be built). Place order 5.
Active Class – Special class whose objects own one or more processes or threads. – Can initiate
control activity. Heavy border Name Attributes Operations Event Manager Thread Time Suspend ()
Flush () 6. Component Replaceable part of a system. Components can be packaged logically.
Conforms to a set of interfaces. Provides the realization of an interface. Represents a physical
module of code 7. Node Element that exists at run time. Represents a computational resource.
Generally has memory and processing power. Orderform.java Web Server Construct Description
Syntax class a description of a set of objects that share the same attributes, operations, methods,
relationships and semantics. interface a named set of operations that characterize the behavior of an
element. component a physical, replaceable part of a system

The Unified Modeling Language ( Uml )
Avinash Mallireddy #700626589 Article Review The Unified Modeling Language (UML) may be a
graphical language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of
software–intensive systems. UML provides parts and functions to support the need of complicated
systems. UML follows the item destined ideas and methodology. Therefore object destined systems
square measure typically sculpt risqué mistreatment the pictorial language. The UML has a vital role
during this Object Oriented analysis and style, The UML diagrams square measure wont to model
the look. That the UML has a vital role to play. UML may be a most helpful methodology of mental
image and documenting software system systems style. UML uses ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
UML Notations: UML notations are the foremost necessary components in clay sculpture.
Economical and acceptable use of notations is improbably necessary for making a complete and
meaty model. The example is useless unless its purpose is described properly. So learning notations
need to be strained from the really start. Only completely different notations are for things and
relationships. And additionally the UML diagrams are created practice the notations of things and
relationships. Extensibility is another necessary feature that creates UML plenty of powerful and
versatile. UML Advantages: The UML is going to be utilized to model concerning any kind of
application, running on any character and combination of hardware, software, language, and
network, in UML. Built upon the Microsoft operative Framework (MOF) Meta model for object
adjusted modeling. UML Profiles facilitate to model Transactional, Real–time, and Fault–Tolerant
systems in a passing natural approach. This contains a capability to induce check scripts except stub
code once integrated with integrated development network. The reverse engineering support, UML
regenerate vogue level artifacts in accordance with the changes you created to the structure of
sophistication relationship. It explains the concepts like business modeling, enterprise style and
OOAD. To grasp the UML model, one needn 't grasp

Requirements And Scope Of Application
CHAPTER 6
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
SPECIFICATION (SRS IS TO BE PREPARED USING RELEVANT MATHEMATICS DERIVED
AND SOFTWARE ENGG. INDICATORS IN ANNEX AAND B)
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.1.1 Purpose and Scope of Document
Our software module determines the garbage levels in the bins of a particular location.The main
parameters used in our software are the sensor values and GSM module (for
communication).According to that user gets the information where to dump trash and administrator
gets the idea which bins are getting filled faster so according to that more bins can be provided and
garbage collection in that area can be accelerated.The goal of our module is to automate garbage
management and keep the city clean and hygienic. 6.1.2 Overview of responsibilities of Developer
Building a prototype of an intelligent bin which will continuously monitor the level of garbage
present in the bin with the help of sensors. There are two different types of sensors used in this
model:
HX711 sensor : It is present at the bottom of the bin and it will measure the weight of the bin and
garbage present in it. This value will be converted to digital value with the help of an ADC.
HC–SR04 : Used to measure the detect the level of garbage. It works on ultrasonic waves similar to
that of a sonar based on proximity the level of the garbage will be detected. There are multiple
sensors installed based on the size of the bin. Using the current positions of the sensors the bin will
be calibrated. The value

How Uml Is Used A Standard For Modeling
How UML Is Used
Student ID: 700623304
Name: Nitin Kumar Reddy, Chinthaparthi Muduganti
Summary:–
The Unified Modeling Language, in the area of software engineering is referred to a standard
notation of modeling language. For Object oriented development, UML is approved as a standard
for modeling. According to software engineering, Unified Modeling Language is a language but
not a methodology. UML is a graphical language which includes a set of charts and diagrams for
depicting programming frameworks. The key aim of UML is to design and document the software
or the system. The UML has evolved in the mid of 1990's with the combination of thee competitive
approaches of Object Oriented methodologies, which were formulated by Grady Booch, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
UML consists of several diagrams which are used in developing the project or software. Among
those 6 diagrams are used frequently to develop the software. Use case diagram is the representation
of the interaction between the customer or the user with the system or product. Class diagram shows
the architecture of the software by determining the classes used in the system. Activity diagrams are
the pictorial notation of the steps which are followed in developing the system. Collaboration
diagram shows the interaction between the objects and classes of the system. Sequence diagram
defines the steps involved in the project and in which order they should occur. State chart diagrams
are typically used to define the properties of the software. Object diagram is alike to the class
diagram, which concentrates on the attributes and classes of the product. Component diagram shows
how small chunks of components are combined unitedly to form a bigger component of the product.
Deployment diagram depicts how the system should deploy and where the deployment should be
done.
But the three diagrams Object, Component and Deployment diagrams are not included in the
research conducted by the OMG group, as they are not used frequently and to keep the research at a
lower level. The Group OMG corresponded to support the research and informed every member of
the project. People who have reached the group in person got encouragement to contribute the link
with different users

Uml Usage And Standardizing Its Guidelines
UML usage and standardizing its guidelines. Name – Sriram.UdayKumar Id # 700622897
SUMMARY Unified modeling language came into being in the mid 90's, it is combination of many
object oriented (OO) software methods. This language is widely accepted as modeling standard for
OO software development. OMG (Object Management Group, www.omg.org) group took the
responsibility of taking care of the progress of this language. Many people invested their time and
articulated the concepts of this language, this is a not a methodology but a programming language
hence guidelines are not base lined. Though this language is widely accepted there is very little
information of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To keep this article more precise only 6 of 9 UML diagrams are emphasized here; namely, Use case
Class Activity Collaboration Sequence Statechart Use case narrative diagram in additional to these 6
above mentioned diagrams Object diagram is more like class diagram hence it is eliminated along
with Component and development diagrams. From the survey results, 117 responses were useful and
mentioned UML was used in their projects, and 11 respondents cited UML also being used along
with other OO methodologies. On an average of 27 projects, 6.7 used UML and average of 15 years
4.7 used UML in IT. UML project budget was $1000000, 6.5 resources–year and contained about
50,000 lines of code. From the survey responses below is the diagram that shows UML components
usage: Diagram 1: UML Component Usage Based upon the survey each component's utilization is
showcased , few claimed using 2/3rd or more of the components in their projects, few never used it
and few said it provided more information, from the table it is so evident that Use case narrative
component doesn't provide any new information. Though UML is represented as use case driven,
class diagram is widely used cause 73% as per the survey respondents said they used class diagram
in 2/3rd of their project and 90% respondents felt it provided new

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