Employee Turnover Rate Affects A Business

Employee Turnover Rate Affects A Business
"Turnover refers to the number of employees who leave a company in a particular period of time."
(Westover 2014 16) Throughout my entire college career I have tried to focus and narrow down on
the topic of employee turnover rates. I have researched it, I have studied it, and I have really gone
and try to analyze every possibility of cause and effect when it comes to employee turnover rates.
There are many aspects to an HRM role within a company and one of those is being able to look at
employee turnover rates due to the impact that it can have on a company's cost. I have chosen to
interview two HR managers, Ben Wood with Graphtec INC. and Bill Schlenker with Pierce
Accounting, about employee turnover rates for this assignment to have a deeper look into their
thoughts, goals, and ideas about employee turnover rates. The first question I asked was, "How do
you feel employee turnover rate can affect a business?" The question allowed me to see different
thoughts and ideas from individuals that had been working with this directly. Ben Wood, an HRM
for 5 years, stated, "I feel that turnover rates directly affect customer experience, support levels, and
how much development and improvement can be provided to a staff. It can also affect employee
morale." (Wood 2016) The effects on employee morale are an idea that I had never thought of
previously. The thought that one person leaving might have an effect on others is a though that
seems almost strange; however, with the
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Rate Equation And Order Of Reactant
Rate equation and order of reactant:
The rate of reaction is defined as how fast the reactant is converted to the product and it is measured
in moldm–3s–1
Rate=(change in concentration(〖moldm〗^(–3)))/(time taken (s)) , the unit of rate = moldm–3s–1
Rate = k [A]x [B]y [C]y
Orders of the reaction must be taken in to account when writing a rate equation. Where A, B and C
are reactant, x, y and z are the orders of the reaction with respect to A, B and C.
In my investigation I will vary the concentration of each reactant and I will measure time taken for
the reaction to turn colourless. I will use rate=1/time formula to calculate the rate of the reaction.
This will enable me to draw rate against concentration graph which I will use to ... Show more
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Collision theory:
Reactions only occur when particle of the reactant collide with a certain minimum kinetic energy.
This energy is also known as activation enthalpy this energy must be supplied to the reactant to
enable the bonds to stretch and break and the new bonds to form in the product. Most collisions do
not result in a reaction, only the collision with enough activation enthalpy will react to produce the
product. (1)(2) (10)
Concentration: The collision theory states that for any reaction to take place the two reactant
molecule must collide first. The rate of a reaction depends on the frequency of the collision between
the particles. Increasing the concentration of reactants increases the number of particles available to
react in the same volume of solution. More successful frequent collisions occur in a given time, with
sufficient activation energy to break the chemical bond. Therefore the rate of reaction will increase.
(1)(2)(6)
Surface area: Increasing the surface area of a solid reactant means more particles are exposed to the
other reactant, the number of reaction sites increase therefore it will react more quickly increasing
the reaction time.
Catalyst: A catalyst will increase the rate of reaction by lowering the activation enthalpy without
being chemically unchanged. They do this by providing an alternative pathway, forming an
intermediate compound with the reactant and then it forms the product from

Exchange Rate Movements
FIN340 304
Tutorial week 3 Questions
1. How can a central bank use direct intervention to change the value of a currency? Explain why a
central bank may desire to smooth exchange rate movements of its currency.. 2. Should the
governments of Asian countries allow their currencies to float freely? What would be the advantages
of letting their currencies float freely? What would be the disadvantages? 3. What is the impact of a
weak home currency on the home economy, other things being equal? What is the impact of a strong
home currency on the home economy, other things being equal? 4. Assume the Hong Kong dollar
(HK$) value is tied to the U.S. dollar and will remain tied to the U.S. dollar. Last month, a HK$ = ...
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By minimizing the exchange rate uncertainty, foreign business of the home country is enhanced and
can attract more funds as investments. Smoothening currency movements tends to reduce fears in
the financial markets and speculative activity that might lead to heavy decline in value of the
currency. However, speculation can only be expected to smooth exchange rate movements if
underlying economic processes are relatively stable. If there is a great deal of uncertainty over future
government actions and their economic impact, expectations will not be strongly held. Thus
expectations can change dramatically from day– to–day, leading to rapidly fluctuating exchange
rates.
2. The government of Asian country should not allow their currencies to float freely as it may leads
to critical problems to the country. Free floating currency policy may trigger speculation on
currency that can bring about financial crisis. For example, the financial crisis of Asia countries in
1997, the most famous speculator George Soros had benefited billions of money by going short of
the Asian countries currency which result collapse of the country economy. Furthermore, we take
China as another example. The growth rate of China GDP is 9.30% in 2011, the main force of the
high growth GDP in China is export of good and services which mainly due to the low price or the
low exchange rate of currency. Free floating currency will bring RMB

Target Heart Rates
This semester of physical education has taught me countless amounts of new knowledge. In this
class I had to set specific goals for myself to be accomplished throughout the semester. My five
goals were to: run a mile in under six minutes thirty seconds, lose five pounds of fat by winter
break, make my thigh muscles strong enough to squat one hundred and fifty pounds, to be able to
bench one hundred pounds, and to be able to run up and down the entire stadium in under four
minutes and thirty seconds. At the beginning of the year I weighed one hundred and thirty pounds.
By the end of the semester I weighed one hundred and thirty eight pounds but I had lost five pounds
of fat just to gain more weight in muscle. I was five feet and eight inches ... Show more content on
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As well as how big of a trunk flex we have and how fast we can do a 40 yard dash in. For week one
of the mile runs I got my fastest time of 6.13, the second week I got 7.51, my third week I ran a 6.33
mile, my forth week I ran a 6.30 mile, during my fifth week I ran a 7.43 minute mile, during the
sixth week I ran a 6.59 minute mile, the seventh week I ran a 6.39; and my eighth, ninth and tenth
week I ran a 7.12, 6.34, and a 7.21. What this shows me is that over the semester my times
fluctuated from 6.13 to 7.51. By running a 6.13, I accomplished my goal of running faster than a
6.30 minute mile. Throughout the semester my weight fluctuated between one hundred and thirty
pounds to one hundred and forty pounds. This shows that my weight stays moderately the same over
a long period of time.
Throughout this semester of PE we have played countless (not really) amounts of different sports,
such as: football, soccer, volleyball, and handball. While partaking in these sports I earned that I, a
mediocre player at most of these sports, appears to be competent in all the sports we have played so
far. However, competence and actual skill are far off from one another but still I show some skill in
all sports taken so far, even though I haven't liked some of the sports we endeavored. Due to lots of
personal sports and doing sports during school I

Rate of Reaction Coursework Essay
Investigate if changing the concentration of an acid will change the rate of the reaction when marble
is dissolved in hydrochloric acid.
Apparatus
Marble Chips
Conical Flask
Hydrochloric Acid
Gas Syringe
Delivery Tube
Stop Watch
Fair Test
To make the experiment a fair test I will use the same amount of acid for each concentration. I will
do this by using a capillary tube because they are very accurate. I will use 3g of marble in each
concentration of acid. I will clean everything out before I start the next experiment with a different
experiment.
Safety
======
Magnesium is flamable and when it reacts with acid an exothermic reaction takes place releasing a
large amount of heat energy. Acids are corosive so saftey glasses must be ... Show more content on
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Therefore, when the concentration is double, the time taken for the reaction should be halved. When
the surface area of the calcium carbonate chips is doubled there will be twice as much chance of it
colliding with the
Hydrochloric acid. Therefore I predict that when the surface area is doubled, the time taken for the
experiment is halved. A temperature increase of 10 C will see the time taken for the experiment
halved because energy of collisions in the particles increases, this means that there are going to be
more successful collisions.
Research

A reaction occurs when particles collide. This process is based on random particle movement. So
therefore, the more particles you have in a space, the more likely they are to collide. Therefore
making the reaction accelerate. This theory can be proved if you compare the rates of reaction with
marble in hydrochloric acid. 'If the acid is of a higher concentration, the reaction will be quicker.
Also if the particles have more energy, they will be travelling faster, making them collide more
frequently.
Variables/Factors
Variables
1. The amount of marble chips will not vary because more marble chips would produce more gas
when put into the HCL, so a weaker concentration of acid, could end up looking stronger than a
stronger concentration of acid.
2. The amounts

Syste Heart Rate
IMPLEMENTATION OF EXTERNAL PACEMAKER FOR ELDERLY AND HEART PATIENTS
USING PIC
P.Vignesh1, M.Karkodan2, B.Lakshadeep3, M.MadhanKumar4
1Assistant Professor/ECE, 2, 3, 4 UG Students/ECE
SELVAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, NAMAKKAL
Abstract–An increase in world population along with a significant aging portion is forcing rapid
rises in healthcare costs. The healthcare system is going through a transformation in which
continuous monitoring of inhabitants is possible even without hospitalization. Now we are using
advanced sensing systems to monitor the heart patients and provide first–aid to them in case of
emergency. We now demonstrate the real time application in heart rate beat analysing by heart rate
monitor and ensure proper working of heart. This paper reviews the latest ... Show more content on
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Normally heart beat is measured in beats per minute "bpm". Heart beat is the number of contractions
(heart beats) of heart in one minute.
Heart beat varies for everyone as listed follows :
Childhood : 120 bpm
` Adult male: 70 bpm
Adult female: 75 bpm
But the reference range is between 60 bpm (bradycardia) – 100 bpm (tachycardia) for aged people.
Pulse rate is the direct way to measure heart rate, but it can vary when some heart beats do not have
much cardiac output. At that time heart rate may be higher than the pulse rate.
3. PACEMAKER
An external pacemaker that has a pulse generator to generate an extrinsic electrical impulse, causing
the heart muscle to depolarise and then contract ; its rate is preset regardless of the heart's intrinsic
activity. It can be temporary or implanted
An artificial pacemaker located outside the body, the primary types are transcutaneous and
transvenous.
V.CONCLUSION
The progress in science & technology is a non–stop process. New things and new technology are
being invented. As the technology grows day by day, we can imagine about the future in which thing
we may occupy every

Heart Rate Workout
First off, what is a heart rate? A heart rate is an indicator of metabolic needs of the muscles during
exercise. Most people think that the faster your heart rate is the more amount of calories you burn,
but this is not true. If this were to be true then you would burn a lot of calories simply because your
heart rate gets faster when a horrifying part comes out. An effective workout is when ones lungs,
heart, and muscles work together. The heart rate can vary on the person. During the human
physiology lab I learned that if there are two people and they both run at the same rate and the same
type of courses that their heart rate can vary. My theory for this is that one person was more fit than
the other. When I mean the other is fit

Correlation Between Interest And Rate Rates
In economics, a puzzle occurs when empirical data does not match the expected outcome that theory
would predict. One such puzzle is the uncovered interest rate parity, also known as UIP. This
specific puzzle is about interest rate differentials and exchange rate fluctuations, and how the
empirical findings do not support the theory behind them. In order to further understand this vast
research has been conducted on this puzzle in order to attempt to explain why it is occurring. The
reason why there is a desire to understand why this is occurring is because one of the foundations of
corporate finance is that no arbitrage opportunities are present, but here we see what appears to be
one. However, let us first explain what theory says should ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Now looking at several case studies the first being Adrian W. Throop. In his model, he runs four
regressions where fluctuations in exchange rate between the dollar and other major currencies are
the dependent variables: Trade–Weighted US$, Yen/US$, Mark/US$, and Pound/US$. As for the
independent we see the focus on the interest rate change in the domestic and foreign market. He
includes a great deal of other information in how he acquires what he calls the real interest rate, and
thus account for shocks in the market. This is done to test the hypothesis that sticky price model of
exchange rates can explain why this puzzle is occurring with interest rate and exchange rate of
foreign currency. Whereas, the null hypothesis is that sticky price model of exchange rates cannot
explain why the puzzle is occurring. In conclusion, Throop found that although the sticky model
made sense theoretically when put to the test empirically it fell short and was not able to adequately
account for the UIP puzzle. Now looking at Alfred V. Guender and his article on UIP he also uses a
regression to test the UIP puzzle, however, he believes that the conventional test equation of the UIP
hypothesis is plagued by omitted variable bias (Guender, 2014). As such he hypothesis there is an
inverse relationship between the exchange rate change and the lagged interest rate differential, and
he also takes into account variables that are typically omitted, but do have an impact on the model
such

Interest Rate Risk
Interest Rate Risk (IRR) Management
What is Interest Rate Risk :
Interest rate risk is the risk where changes in market interest rates might adversely affect a bank's
financial condition. The management of Interest Rate Risk should be one of the critical components
of market risk management in banks. The regulatory restrictions in the past had greatly reduced
many of the risks in the banking system. Deregulation of interest rates has, however, exposed them
to the adverse impacts of interest rate risk.
What is the Impact of IRR: The immediate impact of changes in interest rates is on the Net Interest
Income (NII). A long term impact of changing interest rates is on the bank's networth since the
economic value of a bank's assets, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These policies should be applied on a consolidated basis and, as appropriate, at the level of
individual affiliates, especially when recognising legal distinctions and possible obstacles to cash
movements among affiliates. Principle 5: It is important that banks identify the risks inherent in new
products and activities and ensure these are subject to adequate procedures and controls before being
introduced or undertaken. Major hedging or risk management initiatives should be approved in
advance by the board or its appropriate delegated committee. Risk measurement, monitoring and
control functions
Principle 6: It is essential that banks have interest rate risk measurement systems that capture all
material sources of interest rate risk and that assess the effect of interest rate changes in ways that
are consistent with the scope of their activities. The assumptions underlying the system should be
clearly understood by risk managers and bank management. Principle 7: Banks must establish and
enforce operating limits and other practices that maintain exposures within levels consistent with
their internal policies.
Principle 8: Banks should measure their vulnerability to loss under stressful market conditions –
including the breakdown of key assumptions – and consider those results when establishing and
reviewing their policies and limits for interest rate risk. Principle 9: Banks must have

Exchange Rate Essay
Introduction
Finance plays and important role in our day–to–day routine. Considering the value of money,
countries and people have started investing them into other countries and shares. Investing money in
other countries is principally dependent on currency exchange rates.
Due to fluctuating nature of Foreign Exchange Rate, forecasting of currency exchange rate has
become an important factor in financial sector. By anticipating currency exchange rate investors can
gain more profit into their business
The main aim behind this assignment is to forecast exchange rate of USD with the help of Data
Mining which will be more reliable and process efficient.
Problem Definition
1.1 What is the background of the research?
Many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As it is very difficult to predict foreign exchange market several models are used to get the result
accurately. Data from 2000 to 2017 are only considered in this assignment due to large volume of
data are present in real time. Dataset in this assignment consists of (Interest rate, Inflation rate
(Consumer price index), Gross domestic value, Shares etc.) which mainly influences forex rates.
This process involves several process of implementation from requirements gathering, Data
collection, and development of the architecture, pre–processing of data, data analysis and
evaluation.
Data Collection
Foremost step in order to start with this assignment is collection of the dataset. Forex datasets of
United States Dollars–USD are used and data assembling are explained in detail below.
The historical data of foreign currencies exchange rate of New Zealand Dollars – NZD against
United State Dollars – USD are collected from http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/statistics/key–graphs/key–
graph–mortgage–rates.The factor that influenced the Forex rate are considered and their respective
dataset are collected individually.
Interest rate, Gross Domestic Product, Inflation rate / Consumer price index, Debt of the country,
Producer price index, Share Prize and Gold prize are the important determinants influencing Forex
rate.
The rate of interest charged by the country for any financial transaction is the major factor which
influences the

Global Financing and Rate Essay
Global Financing and Exchange Rate Mechanisms
Veronica L. Powell
University of Phoenix
MGT/448
Donald Joseph
March 31, 2009
Global Financing and Exchange Rate Mechanisms
Currency is unreliable. In some countries the United States dollar is worth more than that countries
currency, while in other countries the U.S. dollar is worth less. The exchange rate fluctuates on a
continuous base which makes the term "funny money" more realistic each day. The purpose of this
paper is to discuss hard and soft currency, the South African rand, Cuban pesos, and why the
exchange rates fluctuate.
Hard currency is a currency, usually from a highly industrialized country, that is largely accepted
globally as a form of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The rand is a parallel currency that was exclusively used for nonresident capital movements during
the 1980s and 1990s. The financial rand was available to foreigners for investment only in South
Africa was formulated by the sale of nonresidents' assets in the country (Country Data, 1996). The
two–tiered currency system insulated the country's foreign reserves from politically stimulated
capital flight, because all divestment by nonresidents were automatically met by new investment,
and the price of the financial rand varied independently of the commercial rand (Country Data,
1996). Ultimately, South Africa's economic growth depends upon increasing gold profits and foreign
investments.
The Cuban Pesos (CUP) is the official currency in Cuba. The American dollar is not accepted on
government business in Cuba since November 2004. All of the stores that sold goods in American
currency changed to the Cuban Convertible Pesos (CUC). Pesos convertibles cost the equivalent of
$1.18 United States Dollars (USD). In Cuba, currency is exchanged every day, and it is a known fact

that the pesos are unstable. The Cuban Pesos is equivalent to 100 cents (centavos). The notes can be
of the following denominations: 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 pesos; coins can be of 1, 5, and 20
centavos (Cuba Currency, 2005).

The Infant Mortality Rate Is Very High And The Death Rate
oduction
There are concerns about the death rate in Zimbabwe. The infant mortality rate is very high and the
death rate is generally high compared to other developing nations within the African continent.
There are serious issues about the high death rate in the country. This has a lot to do with the
actualization of individual rights to health and medical attention by their government. The concern
also extends to the safety of the medical environment and facilities such as hospitals and research
and treatment centers. Indeed, there is a major problem concerning the availability of resources to
achieve all these as well as the intention to do so as well (Ndlovu, 2011). It is critical that at all
times, there be a situation of guaranteed standards in such institutions. The health of the community
is indeed affected by the policy decisions made by the government. While it may be difficult to
completely rule out external factors that lead to such issues in death rates and infant mortality rates;
the government ought to make steps to end such a trend.
Location and Geography of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe is located on the Southern part of Africa;
landlocked between Zambia, South Africa, Botswana and Mozambique. The country is
approximately 150,871 square miles and ranks among the largest countries in the world as number
sixty out of the one hundred and ninety six globally recognized countries. It is thus a fairly large
country but quite average in size among African nations. The country

Rate Law Lab
The objective of this experiment was to determine the rate law for a chemical reaction between
crystal violet and hydroxide. A rate law is a part of kinetics, which is the study of how fast reactions
occur and how to control the rate of a reaction (4). The rate law is be determined by measuring and
graphing the absorbance of reactants during the reaction. The reaction was first order with respect to
crystal violet (CV+) and hydroxide (OH–). Since crystal violet is in much smaller concentration
than hydroxide, the experiment captured the reaction rate and order of crystal violet while the order
of OH was calculated post–lab using the pseudo first order method (eqn 1,2,3). The rate law for
CV++OH– CVOHis Rate = 0.1644m–1s–1[CV+][OH–].
Introduction
Kinetics is the study of how fast reactions occur and how to control that rate. The rate of a reaction
is defined by the change in concentration of reactants and products over time (4). The rate law for
this reaction is Rate = k[CV+]m[OH–]n, where m is the order with respect to CV+, n is the order
with respect to OH–, and k is the rate constant. Because the concentration of OH is so much larger
than the concentration of CV+, only [CV+] will change when significantly, which is why the
experiment only focuses on the change of concentration in crystal violet while the concentration ...
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A rate law is a mathematical equation that describe the rate of a reaction. A reaction rate is the
change in concentration of reactants or products over time (3). A Vernier colorimeter was used to
measure the absorbance (or concentration) of CV+ when mixed with OH. The concentration of CV+
generally decreased over time at a similar rate when mixed with 0.1M and 0.2M hydroxide. The data
was copied into Excel then made into

Rate Law Lab
The rate law of a reaction relates the concentration of the molecules involved in the reaction to time,
allowing us to determine how fast the reaction proceeds and what the reaction mechanism is. Based
on the data given on the reaction rate of A and B, we can find the order of the reactants and the
average rate constant for the experimental rate law. The order of A and B are determined by
comparing the trials where the other's concentration is held constant. This is done by creating a ratio
between two trials' rate=k[A]m[B]n. For A, I looked at trials 1 and 3. In the ratio, the k and the
concentration of B cancels out. This leaves the ratio of the instantaneous initial rate equaling to the
ratio of the concentration of A ((1.88x10–3/4.64x10–4)=(0.370/0.185)m). Reducing these ratios
yielded the equation 4.05=2m. Taking the natural log of both sides yields m=2. This can be double
checked by also doing the calculation with trials 2 and 4, where the concentration of B is also held
constant. It also resulted in m=2. Thus, A is second order. Because of this, a linear relationship will
be seen in the plot of 1/[A] versus time. This makes sense because when the concentration of A is
doubled, the rate is quadrupled. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the ratio, the k and the concentration of A cancels out. The ratio of the instantaneous initial rate
then equals the ratio of the concentration of B ((9.38x10–4/4.64x10–4)=(0.266/0.133)n).
Simplifying the equation yields 2.02=2.00m. Solving for n gives n=1. This was also repeated for
trials 3 and 4, where the concentration of A is, again, held constant. The calculation also gave n=1.
This also makes sense because when the concentration of B was doubled, the rate doubled as well.
Thus, B is first order and a linear relationship will be seen in the plot of ln[B] versus time. With A
being second order and B being first order, the overall reaction order for the rate law is then

Exchange Rate Determination
exchange rate determination
"Having endeavored to forecast exchange rates for more than half a century, I have understandably
developed significant humility about my ability in this area..."[1] – Alan Greenspan
Figure 1: Exchange Rate Determination
[pic]
Source: Exchange Rate Determination
I. Short–Run Forecasting Tools
Short–term changes in exchange rates are the most difficult to predict and are often determined
based on bandwagon effects, overreaction to news, speculation, and technical analysis.[2]
Trend–Following Behavior is the tendency for the market to follow a trend. In other words an
increase in the exchange rate is more likely to be followed by another increase.
Investor Sentiment is based on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Figure 2: International Parity Conditions
[pic]
Source: Exchange Rate Determination
1) Purchasing power parity – states that since the prices should be the same across countries, the
exchange rate between two countries should be the ratio of the prices in each country.
[pic]
Example: If a hamburger is $2.54 in the United States and 3.60 real (R$) in Brazil, then the PPP spot
rate should be:
[pic] If the actual exchange rate is[pic], then according to the PPP theory the Brazilian real is
undervalued by 35%. [pic] FYI McDonalds' Big Mac is produced locally in almost 120 countries![7]
2) Covered interest–rate parity –the idea that an imbalance in parity conditions can create a "risk
less" opportunity for an arbitrager.

Exhibit 6.7 Covered Interest Arbitrage (CIA)[8] [pic]
Example: Step 1: Convert $1,000,000 at the spot rate of ¥106.00/$ to ¥106,000,000 Step 2: Invest
the proceeds, (¥106,000,000), in a euroyen account for six months, earning 4% per annum, or 2%
for 180 days. Step 3: Simultaneously sell the future yen proceeds (¥108,120,000) forward for dollars
at the 180–day forward rate of ¥103.50/$. Note: at this point you have

Rate Law Lab
The goal of this experiment was to determine the rate law for the reaction between magnesium metal
and hydrochloric acid. In order to find the overall rate law of this reaction, the total pressure change
of the reaction is recorded which allows the rate to be determined by evaluating the slope of the line
pressure versus time before the reaction reaches completion. This technique is using pressure as a
function of time. The equation that will be used to calculate the pressure of the hydrogen gas that is
produced in the reaction is the ideal gas law or PV=nRT. The reaction that is used in this study
between magnesium shot and hydrochloric acid is: Mg(s) + 2H+(aq) + Mg2+(aq) + H2(g). The
theoretical rate law for this reaction that was expected ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This means that the concentration of magnesium has no affect on the overall rate of the reaction.
This data also shows that the rate law of HCl is second order, meaning that if the concentration of
HCl were to be doubled, then the rate would increase by a factor of 4 (22) or if the concentration
were to be tripled, the rate would go up by a factor of 9 (32) and so on. This data was found to be
incorrect when comparing this rate law to the theoretical rate law: rate= k(surface area of
Mg)1[HCl]2
This inaccuracy can be contributed to the lack of time that was provided to complete the experiment
and carry out a sufficient number of trials. Because of this inaccuracy, these trials were repeated on
day 2, however with a different pressure probe and Erlenmeyer flask to ensure that this wasn't the
problem for our inaccurate data.
On day 2, the experimentally determined rate law for this reaction was found to be: rate= k(surface
area of

Understanding Exchange Rates
Understanding Exchange Rates
Section I – Introduction
Section II – Definitions and Examples
Section III – Systems and History
Section IV – Government Interventions and their Effects
Section V – Effects of the Exchange Rate on International Trade Relationships
Section VI – Other Related International Trade Considerations
Section VII – Conclusion
Section I – Introduction
Understanding the relationships among world currencies is vital to successful operations in a global
economy. There is money to be made by managers who can effectively manage exchange rates in
the course of their business dealings. There is money to be lost by managers who fail to recognize
the significance of these rate relationships.
In an effort to better ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the 3–month expected rate is accurate, I can return to the exchange in three months with only 1.2
Canadian dollars and get my 1 U.S. dollar back. That leaves me with 10 Canadian cents profit. It
may not seem worthwhile to wait three months to gain 10 cents profit. Consider however, if I had 1
million U.S. dollars to invest. I could return in three months, make my trade and gain 100,000
Canadian dollars.
These rates also offer corporations opportunities for profit as they can order items expecting to pay
when the exchange rate has changed in their favor. Let's consider an American company operating in
France. The company's accounting statements are kept in U.S. dollars. The company orders
equipment from a French supplier that is expected to cost 85,000 French francs. If the company pays
for the equipment now, the books will indicate a cost of 100,000 U.S. dollars. If the company waits

for the equipment to arrive and pays for the equipment in three months, the cost will be over
106,000 U.S. dollars. This is known as hedging – using the expected exchange rate to increase
profits or reduce losses by timing monetary exchanges.
Section II – Systems and History
This sounds a little like guesswork and gambling, but there is more to it than what appears on the
surface. The exchange rates are set by government agencies in each country. In the United States,
most of us have become accustomed to waiting for word from Alan Greenspan about changes in

Activation Rate Law
Abstract. The objective of this work was to determine the activation energy and rate law for the
reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium shot. An analysis of the reaction's initial rate at
varying molarities of hydrochloric acid and masses of magnesium shot, along with the method of
initial rates was used to determine the rate law for the reaction; rate = k (SA of Mg)a [H+]b. It was
hypothesized that the reaction would be second order overall. After determining the rate law, the
activation energy was determined by changing the temperature at which the reaction took place.
Using the rate constants calculated at the two different temperatures, the activation energy was
calculated. It was found, experimentally through the method of ... Show more content on
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One of the biggest sources of error was letting some of the hydrogen gas escape during the reaction
because the cap of the pressure probe could not be placed on top of the flask quick enough. Not
being able to measure all of the change in pressure resulted in a lower rate law because the graph of
pressure versus time had a smaller slope. In future experiments, a system in which the reactants
could be mixed with the pressure probe already in place would yield much more accurate results
because the change in pressure would be higher which would cause the initial rate to be larger.
Another source of error in the experiment was keeping the temperature of the trial in the ice bath
consistent. If the temperature of the HCl changed from when it was measure to when the reaction
took place, the activation energy calculations would have had increased error. Because the HCl was
still sitting in the ice bath, if the actual temperature was colder that what we calculated, the
activation energy would have been lowered. For future experiments, the temperature of the HCl
should be recorded as soon to when the Mg shot is added as possible, or the experiment could be run
in a temperature controlled

Reaction Rate Lab
Introduction The reaction rates provide important information concerning the factors that control the
speed of a chemical reaction or the steps that occur in complex mechanisms of a chemical reaction
in a study called chemical kinetics. The most common factors that affect the reaction rate are
concentration, temperature and actions of catalyst. The rate of reaction is ( Rate=k[A]n[B]m) which
is written in rate law expression. Reaction rates may be determined by following the appearance of
disappearance of chemical substance or the change in a characteristic property. In the experiment
hydrogen peroxide will undergo decomposition and the product oxygen gas collected. Initial rate at
which the O2 is produced will be monitored to determine the rate 2H2O22H2O(l)+O2(g). Since the
reaction rates depend on reactant concentrations, the rate at which O2is produced on lt during the
initial few minutes of the reaction, the reaction concentrations should not decrease significantly.
This method of investigation is called the initial rate method. Experimental ... Show more content on
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Start LoggerPro program then set up bath of 500 mL of water in an a 800 mL beaker and heat to 60
celsius. Weigh a dry 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask, add 9g of lauric acid to the flask and weigh again
place the flask in the water bath until the acid is completely melted inside of the flask. Once the
solution is melted remove the flask from the water bath. Let the solution cool to 60 celsius then start
the data on LoggerPro the temperature will drop but once it gets to a set temperature for 2 minutes
stop the data collection. Then proceed to clean up by using removing the probe and cleaning it with
a paper

Enzyme Reaction Rate
Enzymes play a critical role in metabolic processes by speeding up chemical reactions. Enzymes
lower energy barriers by acting as a catalyst for a reaction. An example is hydrolysis that occurs in
glucose. Without enzymes glucose will still hydrolyze, but at a slow rate. With the right enzyme
hydrolysis will occur even more rapidly than before. Enzymes work by having a substrates enter
their active site. Induce fit (the substrates forms weak bonds with the enzyme causing the enzymes
shape to enfold the substrate) than occurs to the enzyme. It must be kept in mind however, that the
enzymes only work on specific substrates and not all of them also known as enzyme specificity.
There are many factors that may affect enzyme reaction rates. The pH and temperature of the
environment that the enzyme is in may denature the enzyme if it is not in the optimal area for the
specific enzyme. If the pH and temperature of the environment is in the optimal area than the
enzyme will work at its best if not than reaction rates may slow down. In competitive inhibition a
competitive inhibitor mimics the substrate. This causes the substrate not to enter the active site of
the enzyme. Likewise there is noncompetitive inhibition where a ... Show more content on
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The final product then reacts the allosteric site of the first enzyme. This causes the first enzyme
shape to be altered, preventing the substrate from bonding to it a forming a product. Without the first
key enzyme to from a product none of the other enzymes further down the series can catalyze a
reaction. In the case of ATP, feedback inhibition is key to regulating the molecule and preventing
energy from being wasted. When ATP is very abundant catabolism slows down as the molecule
binds to enzymes inhibiting them. When ADP (a ATP molecule that had a phosphate group
removed) is abundant than they act as an activator promoting the catabolism of

Rate Of Reaction Lab
Aim– To show the effect of the particle size of solids on rate of reaction.
Hypothesis– If the size of the particles are smaller, there will be more collision between the particles
as surface area will be more and therefore the rate of reaction will be more than if the size of the
particle are larger.
Precautions:
1. Wear safety glasses to prevent chemicals from going into your eyes.
2. You should wear a lab coat to make sure not to spill anything on your clothes.
3. Wear clothing that covers your entire body so your skin does not get exposed to any chemicals if
it falls on you.
4. Dispose of chemicals in the proper way that particular chemical should to protect the
environment.
5. Be familiar with the first–aid kit if needed at any time. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Take a chip of zinc approximately 0.5 cm × 2 cm. Find its mass and take powdered zinc with
approximately the same mass.
3. Add both to separate test tube with HCl.
4. Observe both solutions and write down your observations in an observation table.
Equation– Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 +H2
Aim– To show the effect of the particle size of solids on rate of reaction.
Hypothesis– If the size of the particles are smaller, there will be more collision between the particles
as surface area will be more and therefore the rate of reaction will be more than if the size of the
particle are larger.
Precautions:
1. Wear safety glasses to prevent chemicals from going into your eyes.
2. You should wear a lab coat to make sure not to spill anything on your clothes.
3. Wear clothing that covers your entire body so your skin does not get exposed to any chemicals if
it falls on you.
4. Dispose of chemicals in the proper way that particular chemical should to protect the
environment.
5. Be familiar with the first–aid kit if needed at any time.
Material Required:
1. Solid zinc (approx. 0.5 cm × 2 cm)
2. Powdered zinc
3. Balance

4. 2 Test tube
5. 1M Hydrochloric acid (approx. 20 ml)
Variables:
1. Controlled variables– (i) Volume of Hydrochloric acid
(ii) Size of zinc
(iii) Concentration of

Improving the Employment Rate
The year 2013 was the year that the United States was to prevail and work towards the expectations
to increase hiring for the US people. The only problem was that the employment rate barely budged
from 3 years leading up to 2013. The goal for the US is to improve its employment rate from the
recession period that put a lot of people out of work and as well put a huge dent in the US economy
that we are still trying to overcome. The US population grows about 200,000 people a month in a 12
month span, and with the US economy adds only 173,000 jobs a month. Now, with that a quarter of
the population is without a job which is a complete slowdown in hiring. Federal budget cuts, banks
being on edge with Wall Street, and slow growth in the countries of China and Europe have hurt
international trade, and these are only a few factors that hurt the hiring process in 2013. The year
2014 is the year the country is looking to progress on the economy giving the opportunity of more
jobs to be added to the working field. The year 2014 people are going to be looking to bounce back
to the hiring field to try and make up from what they did not have in the previous years, so where
can people find jobs would be a very particular question to the US people? Manufacturing
companies will be a hotspot for people as it increased 21,000 jobs monthly. The retail sector has
always been a major boom, and it is planning to be this year 2014 also. Jobs fell 12,900 after a
strong increase in the previous

Reaction Rate Of Reaction
Background: A clock reaction generally involves a mixture of solutions that, after a certain amount
of time, displays a sudden colour change. This process demonstrates chemical kinetics in action,
which is the study of chemical processes and rates of reaction where the reaction rate is the speed at
which the chemical reaction proceeds. It is dependent on several factors that rely on one basic
underlying principle called collision theory. In order for a reaction to occur, the reactant molecules
must collide with each other with a certain minimum energy called the activation energy to break
and form the appropriate bonds as well as have the correct orientation when colliding. If the
favourable amount of collisions increase, then the rate of the reaction would increase. However, if
the reactant particles do not collide frequently or collide with less energy than the activation energy,
they bounce apart and the reaction would then proceed slowly or not at all. Concentration is one of
the factors that affects reaction rate. Raising the concentration of the reactants, alters the number of
particles per unit volume. Thus the more molecules present in a given volume, the greater the
probability of them colliding. If they have energies equal to or greater than the activation energy, a
higher concentration would therefore result in an increase in the reaction rate. The opposite is true if
there is a lower concentration of reactant molecules.
The relationship between rate and

Basics of Exchange Rates
BACK TO
BASICS
Why Exchange Rates?
Luis A.V. Catão
OW does one determine whether a currency is fundamentally undervalued or overvalued? this
question lies at the core of international economics, many trade disputes, and the new IMF
surveillance effort. George Soros had the answer once–in 1992–when he successfully bet $1 billion
against the pound sterling, in what turned out to be the beginning of a new era in large–scale
currency speculation. Under assault by Soros and other speculators, who believed that the pound
was overvalued, the British currency crashed, in turn forcing the United Kingdom's dramatic exit
from the european exchange Rate Mechanism (eRM), the precursor to the common european
currency, the euro, to which it never ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
to do this, economists usually measure the real exchange rate in terms of a broad basket of goods.
Because the price of such a basket normally takes the form of an index number–such as the
consumer price index (CPI), which includes both goods and services–the ReR is also typically
expressed as an index that can be bench–
marked to any chosen time period. Going back to the dollareuro example, if an ReR index is 1.2,
the average consumer prices in europe are 20 percent higher than in the United States, relative to the
chosen benchmark. Indexes don't measure absolute prices (such as the price of the Big Mac), but
changes in overall prices relative to a base year (if, say, the index is 100 in the year 2000 and 120 in
2007, average prices are 20 percent higher than in 2000). In this case, if ReR indexes between
countries don't change over time, we say that relative PPP holds. ReR indexes between two
countries can be important. the massive U.S. trade deficit with China has become a political and
economic issue, and whether its roots are in a fundamentally misaligned exchange rate is a point of
contention. But, for the most part, economists and policymakers are more interested in the real
effective exchange rate (ReeR) when measuring a currency's overall alignment. the ReeR is an
average of the bilateral ReRs between the country and each of its trading partners, weighted by the
respective trade shares of each partner. Being an average, a country's ReeR may be in

Rate Law Lab
Introduction The Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to determine the order of a reaction using initial
rates and the rate law expression. Background: The use of the rate law expression is to determine the
order of the reaction. The rate expression should be in the format of "Rate = k[A]x" in which k is the
specific constant, [A] is the concentration of the reactant, and x is equal to the stoichiometric ratio
(Simmons–Willis, p1.) To determine the order of the rate law you must add the "x's" of the reactants
(MindTouch.) To calculate the activation energy the formula when there is a change in temperature
"ln(k2/k1) = (E/R)((1/T1)–(1/T2))" is needed (Hummel, et al., chapter 11) Safety Hazards/
Precautions: In this lab iodine is toxic and is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, successfully creating a rate law expression and finding the initial rates. Sources of the errors
and areas of improvement: A source of error for this lab would be the overheating the water bath.
Having the water bath at the right temperature is important when collecting data. By not rushing to
heat the water bath we may have reduced any error that occurred during our

Introducing The Internal Rate Of Return
INTRODUCING THE INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR)
The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is that discount rate providing a net value of zero for a future
series of cash flows. The IRR and Net Present Value (NPV) are used to decide between investments
to select what investment should provide the most returns. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE NPV
AND IRR
The main difference is that the Net Present Value or Net Present Value (NPV) is used as actual
amounts, while the IRR is the interest yield as a percentage expected from an investment.
When using the IRR, one generally selects the projects whose IRR is greater than the cost of capital.
However, selecting the Internal Rate of Return as opposed to the Net Present Value means that if
investors focus on maximizing IRR instead of NPV, there is a risk in picking a company with a
return on investment bigger than the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) but less than the
present return on existing assets.
IRR represent the actual annual return investment only when the project generates 0 interim cash
flows – or if those investments can be invested at the current IRR.
So the goal should not be to maximize the Net Present Value (NPV).
However, this article aims to present the limitations and benefits of using the Internal Rate of Return
(IRR).
Net Present Value (NPV)
The net present value of a project depends very closely the discount rate used. So when it comes
time to compare two projects, the choice of discount rate, which is often based on

Rate Laws Lab
Reaction order and rate laws are key to understanding the speed in which a reaction occurs and the
necessary amounts of each reactant in a reaction. Reaction order determines the concentration of
each reactant and can be used to calculate the amount of a substance in a reaction. The zeroth, first,
and second orders are the most common and were used in this lab. The order of a reaction can be
found by comparing the quantity of a specific substance and the rate in which the reaction occurred.
Rate laws contribute to the speed of differing reactions. This is a necessary principle in many fields.
For example, it is necessary to know the speed of a reaction that goes on during the inflation of an
airbag. Without knowing the rate law the speed could ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
HCl concluded to be zeroth order but generally reacted faster than Na2S2O3, which was first order.
The rate law for this reaction is rate=k[Na2S2O3]. Both reactions, when graphed, showed a straight
line though. The average reaction time with HCl was 44 sec (well #1), 53.1 sec (well #2), and 61.2
sec (well #3). Resulting in a reaction rate of 0.012 sec–1 (well #1), 0.019 sec–1 (well #2), and 0.16
sec–1 (well #3). While the average reaction time for Na2S2O3 was 33.4 sec (well #4), 81.48 sec
(well #5), and 121.22 sec (well #6). Causing the reaction rate to be 0.03 sec–1 (well #4), 0.012 sec–
1 (well #5), and 0.0082 sec–1 (well #6). These results are accurate and can be considered

Federal Fund Rate Analysis
The federal fund rate is the essential tool that the Federal Open Market Committee uses to impact
interest rates and the economy. Changes in the federal assets rate have broad impacts by affecting
the acquiring expense of banks in the overnight loaning business sector, and in this way the profits
offered on bank deposit items, for example, declarations of deposit, investment accounts and
currency business sector accounts. Changes in the federal assets rate and the markdown rate
additionally manage changes in The Wall Street Journal prime rate, which is of interest to
borrowers. The prime rate is the basic record for most Visas, home value advances and credit
extensions, automobile advances, and individual advances. Numerous little business ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rather, income are come back to our individuals as lower loan rates, higher interest on stores, lower
charges, upgraded administration, and financial strength. Dissimilar to banks, credit unions are
represented by a volunteer board of directors, chose by the credit union's membership. Genesis
board individuals serve intentionally with no compensation for their administration. Credit unions
are tax–exempt because they are non–profit making, democratic, monetary cooperatives, claimed by
their individuals. Their board of governors serve as unpaid volunteers, chose by individuals. They
have constraints on who they can serve and confinements on items and administrations additionally
have a social mission to give administration to individuals of unassuming means as a major aspect
of their part.
4
Beth Federal credit union has no an account yield while the Teacher Federal Credit Union has an
account yield of 0.05. Minimum fee to open for BFCU is 0.0$ while that of TFCU is 0.0$. The same
applies to the monthly service fee for the two credit unions that they have same figure. For nun–
sufficient fund fee, BFCU has a figure of 30$ the as that of TFCU. The range of rates on personal
car loans (new and used) and on a 30 yr mortgage is 2.5%.

Heart Rate Investigation Report
Heart Rate Investigation
Megan Wydell 8C
Partners: Georgia Hiscock, Gabi McArthur
Aim: To investigate how the length of exercise affects the circulatory and respiratory systems;
specifically the rate at which the heart returns to its resting rate after various lengths of exercise.
Hypothesis: As one exercises for longer amounts of time one's heart rate will increase and take
longer to get back to resting heart rate.
Materials:
Stop watch
Heart rate
Treadmill
Method:
1. The heart rate monitor was attached to the test subject.
2. Resting heart rate was taken (using heart rate monitor)
3. The treadmill was started and the subject began running as timer was started.
4. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is because for the muscles to continue to exert high amounts of energy they need to have
constant oxygenated blood going to them so breathing becomes faster so the oxygen can get to the
blood and the heart beats faster so that the oxygenated blood can reach the muscles quicker.
The reason your heart takes longer to get back to its resting rate after longer lengths of exercise is
because your heart is already at a relatively high rate so it will take a while to get back to resting rate
(just like it will take a hot cup of water longer to freeze, than it will take a cold cup of water to
freeze.) Added on to that muscles produce wastes so after a long amount of exercise the heart needs
to keep beating slightly fast to get rid of the wastes that were produced by the muscles after the
exercise.
Improvement/Recommendations:
An improvement to the experiment could be doing the trials for a longer amount of time until it
reached the resting heart rate, using a heart rate monitor or manual pulse reading for the whole
experiment instead of alternating between

Nominal Interest Rates
Nominal Interest Rates vs. Real Interest Rates Assume we purchase a 1 year bond for face esteem
that pays 6% toward the end of the year. We pay $100 toward the start of the year and get $106
toward the end of the year. In this manner the security pays a loan fee of 6%. This 6% is the
ostensible loan cost, as we have not represented swelling. At whatever point individuals discuss the
loan cost they're discussing the ostensible financing cost, unless they state generally. Presently
assume the swelling rate is 3% for that year. We can purchase a wicker container of products today
and it will cost $100, or we can purchase that crate one year from now and it will cost $103. On the
off chance that we purchase the security with a 6% ostensible ... Show more content on
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The contrast between Nominal GDP and Real GDP is utilized to gauge swelling in a measurement
called The GDP Deflator. Nominal Wages vs. Real Wages These work similarly as the ostensible
financing cost. So if your ostensible compensation is $50,000 in 2002 and $55,000 in 2003, yet the
value level has ascended by 12%, then your $55,000 in 2003 purchases what $49,107 would have in
2002, so your genuine pay has gone done. You can compute a genuine compensation as far as some
base year by the accompanying––Real Wage = Nominal Wage / 1 + % Increase in Prices Since Base

The Epidemiology Of Heart Rate
Heart rate is the number of times a minute our heart makes a beat. It is a very vital sound. There are
two parts to each heartbeat. The first part is when the heart contracts and pumps blood, is called the
'systole' (sis–tol). The second part is when the heart relaxes so the chambers can refill with blood, is
called 'diastole' (di–as–tol). Heart rate is what causes blood to run through your arteries. The heart
uses a lot of force to pump blood to the whole body. If your heart stops working then none of your
body will be able to get blood and you most likely die if some can't get your heart to start back up
again. The heart is one of the most vital arteries in the body.
Your heart is located under your ribcage in between your lungs in the ... Show more content on
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The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and cellular
waste products all throughout the body. The cardiovascular systems main power is the heart. There
are two main circulatory loops in the human body. The pulmonary circulation loop and the systemic
circulation loop. The pulmonary circulation moves deoxygenated blood from the right side of the
heart to the lungs, where the blood picks up oxygen and returns to the left side of the heart. The
pumping chambers of the heart that support the pulmonary circulation loop are the right atrium and
right ventricle. The systemic circulation brings very high oxygenated blood from the left side of the
heart to all of the tissues of the body, except for the heart and lungs. Systemic circulation removes
wastes from body tissues and returns deoxygenated blood to the right side of the heart. The left
atrium and left ventricle of the heart are the pumping chambers for the systemic circulation

how appreciation affects interest rates and exchange rates
1. Explain the how appreciation affects interest rates and exchange rates. How does this influence
commodity currency? Should we return to a gold standard? Why or why not?
Business dictionary defines an exchange rate as the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for
another. In other words, it is the value of another country's currency compared to that of your own.
If you are planning a trip to travel abroad this is something that needs to be calculated along the trip,
because in order to purchase goods or services while aboard one would need to "purchase" the local
currency. Just like the price of any asset, the exchange rate is the price at which you can buy that
currency. If you are traveling within Europe, for example, and ... Show more content on
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For instance, if the dollar depreciates relative to the euro, the exchange rate rises. When the dollar
depreciates relative to the euro, the dollar becomes more competitive because the price of American
goods when exchanged to euro will be cheaper leading to a larger American export. On the other
hand, European countries that denominate its goods and services in Euros will have lost
competitiveness to the dollar. The price of European products will thus become more expensive in
America. A currency appreciates as a result of increased demand for that currency on world markets.
Its value in the world market increases. This increase in demand can occur for several reasons which
include: When a country's exports are high, the buyers of these exports need its currency to pay for
those exports. Also when the country's central bank increases interest rates, people will want that
currency to deposit in the banks to earn that higher interest rate. The higher the interest rate the
stronger the currency.
Gold standard Between 1870 and 1914, there was a global fixed exchange rate. Currencies were
linked to gold, meaning that the value of a local currency was fixed at a set exchange rate to gold
ounces. This was known as the gold standard. This allowed for unrestricted capital mobility as well
as global stability in currencies and trade. However, with the start of World War I, the gold standard
was abandoned. To help combat the Great Depression, faced

Interest and Real Rate
P6–1 Interest rate fundamentals: The real rate of return Carl Foster, a trainee at an Investment
banking firm, is trying to get an idea of what real rate of return investors Are expecting in today's
marketplace. He has looked up the rate paid on 3–month U.S. Treasury bills and found it to be 5.5%.
He has decided to use the rate of change In the Consumer Price Index as a proxy for the inflationary
expectations of Investors. That annualized rate now stands at 3%. On the basis of the information
That Carl has collected, what estimate can he make of the real rate of return?
P6–2 Real rate of interest To estimate the real rate of interest, the economics division of Mountain
Banks–a major bank holding company–has gathered the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the real rate of interest is currently 2.5%, find the nominal rate of interest on each of the following
U.S. Treasury issues: 20–year bond, 3–month bill, 2–year note, and 5–year bond.
b. If the real rate of interest suddenly dropped to 2% without any change in inflationary
expectations, what effect, if any, would this have on your answers in part a? Explain.
c. Using your findings in part a, draw a yield curve for U.S. Treasury securities.
Describe the general shape and expectations reflected by the curve.
d. What would a follower of the liquidity preference theory say about how the preferences of lenders
and borrowers tend to affect the shape of the yield curve drawn in part c? Illustrate that effect by
placing on your graph a dotted line that approximates the yield curve without the effect of liquidity
preference.
e. What would a follower of the market segmentation theory say about the supply and demand for
long–term loans versus the supply and demand for short–term loans given the yield curve
constructed for part c of this problem?
P6–6 Nominal and real rates and yield curves A firm wishing to evaluate interest rate behavior has
gathered

Australia Cash Rate
Determining the cash rate by the Reserve Bank of Australia establishes a number of different factors
for the Australian economy. The RBA is responsible for controlling monetary policy and ensuring
that Australia's financial system is stable. In light of recent events that have impacted economic
growth, the RBA has maintained a 2.0% cash rate, which affects the overnight rate for loans to
commercial banks. Previously held at 2.25%, a decrease by 25 basis points brought down the cash
rate to 2.0%, an all time low in the past decade. The RBA held an expansionary stance to promote
investment and spending in the local economy in order to drive growth. It is recommended that the
RBA maintain the current cash rate of 2.0% in light of consumer confidence ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In particular, a cause for concern is the 'housing bubble', which has caused house prices to
significantly increase. Property investment increased by 9% over the year to last quarter, where
Sydney's housing price has increased by 16.2% over the past year, and 10.2% in Melbourne
(CoreLogic RP Data). With increasing prices, affordability worsens, where an "inevitable rate hike
by the Reserve Bank of Australia will cause a price correction" in the near future (Powell, 2015).
However rising prices don't normally present a problem where wages are also increasing. In
comparison, real wages only "grew by meagre 2% in the past year." Thus consumers have less
money to spend, while also most of it is going towards repayments on home loans (Spasic, 2015).
With inflation levels relatively low, there would be no reason to increase the cash rate, as growth
rates are fairly low, as well as causing the housing bubble to 'pop' due to a disruption of a variety of
factors. One of these factors include, consumers who won't borrow as much, due to the cost of
borrowing increasing and thus a drop in demand, and therefore affecting real GDP due to the drop in
real estate value. In contrast, a reduction in the cash rate will further increase housing prices and
therefore accelerate the effects of the housing bubble which will inevitably result in a correction

Sprint Breathing Rate
For persons 1–3, as predicted, the heartrate and breathing rate were relatively low with Person 1,
respectively, being 74 & 20, Person 2 being 86 & 16 and Person 3 being 73 and 19. The 50m Sprint
resulted in having the highest heartrate for persons 1 and 2, 152 and 171 respectively, and the Stairs
resulted in being the highest for Person 2 at 130. Strangely, the breaths per minute for persons 1 and
2 were highest, at 40 and 39 respectively, whereas Person 3 experienced their highest breaths at 43
for the 50m Sprint, which coincides with their highest heart rate. These trends show that the
hypothesis is correct in the sense that the heart and breathing rate did increase with physical
exercise, however, the hypothesised theory that the Sprint ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
When exercise is undertaken more oxygen is used for the necessary organs, therefore resulting in
CO2, once a gas exchange has occurred. When put under stress the body responded by increasing
the heart rate, by enlarging the arterioles and venules to allow more oxygenated blood to flow to the
necessary muscles and decreasing the size of ones that weren't as important. In order to keep up with
the demand for oxygenated blood, the breathing rate increased drastically. The method was
relatively effective for recording the necessary data. However, some modifications had to be made
such as: the amount of laps on the stairs. This changed to two laps, as once was believed to not
provide enough varying data. The method could have been improved by ensuring that, once
completed, the person performing was at or very close to their resting heart and breathing rate
before commencing the next exercise as this would be one factor in providing inaccurate results.
Another improvement is that, rather than running a certain amount of time (stairs), the person would
run for a length of time and then test their heart and breathing rate as some people may not finish,
and therefore put their body through enough stress, to provide difference within their

Rate of Return
ch10
Student:
___________________________________________________________________________
1.
The capital gains yield plus the dividend yield on a security is called the:
A. geometric return.
B. average period return.
C. current yield.
D. total return.
2.
The expected return on a security in the market context is:
A. a negative function of execs security risk.
B. a positive function of the beta.
C. a negative function of the beta.
D. a positive function of the excess security risk.
E. independent of beta.
3.
A capital gain occurs when:
A. the selling price is less than the purchase price.
B. the purchase price is less than the selling price.
C. there is no dividend paid.
D. there is no income component of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What was the average risk premium earned by long–term Bonds, and small company stocks
respectively?
A. 9.5%; 1.8%
B. 4.4; 11.9%
C. 2.16%; 7.37%
D. 1.8%; 13.3%
19. The Alpha stock you bought for $26 3/4 a year ago is now selling for $32 1/2. Alpha also paid

you $2.25 in dividends. What would your dollar return be from this stock?
A. $7.75
B. $8.00
C. $8.25
D. $5.75
20. Suppose you own a risky asset with an expected return of 12% and a standard deviation of 20%.
If the returns are normally distributed, the approximate probability of receiving a return greater than
32% is: A. .67.
B. .33.
C. .05.
D. .02.
E. .16.
21. Suppose you own a risky asset with an expected return of 12% and a standard deviation of 20%.
If the returns are normally distributed, the approximate probability of receiving a return greater than
72%, or less than –48% is:
A. greater than 99%
B. greater than 95%
C. less than 5%
D. less than 1%
22. Last year you bought some Alpha stock for $26 3/4 a share. It is currently selling for $32 1/2.
You received a dividend of $2.25 during the year. What is your total rate of return?
A. 30%
B. 21%
C. 8.5%
D. 12%
23. The return pattern on your favorite stock has been 5%, 8%, –12%, 15%, 21% over the last five
years.
What has your average return and total change in

The Interest Rate And Interest Rates
Since people always prefer money right now to the present prospect of getting the same amount of
money some time in the future, the present good always commands a premium in the market over
the future. This premium is the interest rate, and its height will vary according to the degree to
which people prefer the present to the future, i.e., the degree of their time–preferences. (Ebling,
1996, p.82)
In determining the originary interest rate, Mises thinks that the rate of originary interest directs the
investment activities of the entrepreneurs. It determines the length of waiting time and of the period
of production in every branch of industry. I do not completely agree in this view. Though it is true
that the interest rate plays an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is therefore impossible to formulate any praxeological theorem concerning the relation of the
amount of capital available in the whole nation or to individual people on the one hand and the
amount of saving or capital consumption and the height of the originary rate of interest on the other
hand. The allocation of scarce resources to want–satisfaction in various periods of the future is
determined by value judgments and indirectly by all those factors which constitute the individuality
of the acting man. (Mises, 1949, p. 24)
The interest rate has three related jobs. First, the interest rate equalizes savings and borrowing.
Secondly, the interest rate equalizes net savings and investment. Thirdly, the interest rate allocates
spending for consumption relative to investment. (Foldvary, 2015, web.)
INTEREST, CREDIT EXPANSION, AND THE TRADE CYCLE
In standard economics, the rate of interest is determined by the market for loanable funds, funds
available for borrowing. The supply of loanable funds comes from savings and from money
creation. Savings is defined as income minus spending for consumption. Time preference is a
general tendency rather than a universal absolute; hence, some people with a strong concern for their
future would save funds even at an interest rate of zero. With a higher rate of interest, more people
are willing to save funds, so at some quantity of saved funds, the supply curve of savings rises with
higher rates of real

The Effect Of Heart Rate On Exercise
The Effect of Heart Rate on Exercise
By: Danielle Dufault
Biology 122
October 10, 2016
Lab Partners:
Carlie Tammaro,
Emily Guay,
James Dawli
Introduction
The effects of heart rate on differing durations of exercise were studied in this experiment. For
people, heart rate tends to increase as they perform physical exercises. The amount of beats per
minute gradually increases as people perform physical activities. Heart rates taken before exercise
are relatively low, and heart rates taken one minute after exercise increase significantly. Heart rates
slowly begin to decrease after they are taken two minutes and three minutes after performing the
step test, which is to be expected. The rates of intensity throughout exercise relates with changes in
heart rate throughout the step test performed in the experiment (Karvonen 2012). The age of the
participants affected the experiment, since the heart rate during physical exercise, in this case the
step test, is affected by age (Tulppo 1998).
The heart rates of participants was tested before the step test, one minute, two minutes, and three
minutes after the step test was performed in this experiment. Since heart rate increases while
someone is performing physical activity, it was expected that heart rates of the students would be
higher than before the step

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