it is all about the working and little bit of history of the magnetic trains, its a collection of knowledge, find the references at end for more information

1. A SEMINAR ON
ELECTRO MAGNETIC LOCOMOTIVES
Indian Institute Of Information Technology
Design & Manufacturing, Kancheepuram.
By
Sikharam Uday Kiran
EDS12M008

2. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 2
 Introduction
 Line Diagram Of Power Flow
 Conventional Rail Engine
 How Maglev Works
 Power Supply
 Superconductors
 Halbach Array’s
 Application Information
 Maglev Vs. Conventional Train
 Pros & Cons
 Summery
 Reference
PRESENTATION OUTLINE

3. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 3
Line diagram of power flow

4. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 4
Conventional Rail Engine

5. How MagLev Works
 The electromagnets on the
underside of the train pull it up to
the ferromagnetic stators on the
track and levitate the train.
 The magnets on the side keep
the train from moving from side to
side.
 A computer changes the amount
of current to keep the train 1 cm
from the track.
This means there is no friction between
the train and the track!
IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 5

6. Levitation System’s Power Supply
 Batteries on the train power the system, and therefore it
still functions without propulsion.
 The batteries can levitate the train for 30 minutes without
any additional energy.
 Linear generators in the magnets on board the train use
the motion of the train to recharge the batteries.
 Levitation system uses less power than the trains air
conditioning.
IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 6

7. Propulsion System
 The system consists of
aluminum three-phase cable
windings in the stator packs
that are on the guide way.
 When a current is supplied to
the windings, it creates a
traveling alternating current
that propels the train forward
by pushing and pulling.
IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 7

8.  When the alternating current is reversed, the train
brakes.
 Different speeds are achieved by varying the intensity of
the current.
 Only the section of track where the train is traveling is
electrified.
IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 8

9. Propulsion:
 An alternating current through coils on the guide walls of
the guide way. This creates a magnetic field that attracts
and repels the superconducting magnets on the train and
propels the train forward.
 Braking is done by sending current in the reverse
direction
IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 9

10. Levitation:
 The passing of the superconducting magnets by
levitation coils on the side of the tract induces a current
in the coils and creates a magnetic field.
 This pushes the train upward
 It can levitate 10 cm above the track.
IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 10
Lateral Guidance:
 This keeps the train in the center.

11. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 11

12. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 12
Superconductors
It conduct’s electricity without resistance below a certain
temperature i.e., 150K.
In a closed loop, an electrical current will flow continuously.

13. Made out of aluminum to minimize weight.
4 rows of 8 magnets arranged in a
Halbach Array.
2 rows for levitation.
2 rows for lateral guidance and propulsion.
Train:
IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 13

14.  These are a special arrangement that cancels
the magnetic field above the magnets, but still
allows a field below the magnets.
 The permanent magnets that will be using are
made out of Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB)
Halbach Array’s
IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 14
Source :http://www.gaussboys.com/Halbach Array

15. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 15

16. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 16
Germanymph279
ChinaMph302

17. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 17
Sample Output PWM Switching Graphs

18. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 18
A Sample
Hysteresis
Switching
Techniques

19. Application Information
Safety
 The trains are virtually impossible to derail because the
train is wrapped around the track.
 Collisions between trains are unlikely because
computers are controlling the trains movements.
Maintenance
 There is very little maintenance because there is no
contact between the parts.
IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 19

20. Comfort
 The ride is smooth while not accelerating..
Economic Efficiency
 The initial investment is similar to other high speed rail
roads. (Maglift is $20-$40 million per mile and I-279 in
Pittsburg cost $37 million per mile).
 Operating expenses are half of that of other railroads.
 A train is composed of sections
that each contain 100 seats, and
a train can have between
2 and 10 sections.
IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 20

21.  The linear generators produce electricity for the cabin of
the train.
Speed
 The train can travel at about 300 mph. (Acela can only
go 150 mph)
 For trips of distances up to 500 miles its total travel time
is equal to a planes (including check in time and travel to
airport.)
 It can accelerate to 200 mph in 3 miles, so it is ideal for
short jumps. (ICE needs 20 miles to reach 200 mph.)
IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 21
Source: www.eurail.com/trains-europe/high-speed-trains/ice

22. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 22
MagLev vs. Conventional Trains
MagLev Trains Conventional Trains
No Friction = Less
Maintenance
Routine Maintenance
Needed
No Engine = No fuel
required
Engine requires fossil
fuels
Speeds in excess of
300 mph
Speeds up to 110 mph

23. Advantages:
 It is 250 times safer than conventional railroads.
 700 times safer than automobile travel.
 Speeds up to 500 km/h.
 A accident between two maglev trains is nearly
impossible because the linear induction motors
prevent trains running in opposite directions.
IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 23

24. Disadvantages:
 The big problem about this is that the pieces for the
maglev are really expensive
 The procedure to build it up is very expensive as well.
IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 24

25. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 25
Other MagLev Applications:
 Military is looking into using MagLev.
 Possible uses could include:
 Aircraft carrier launching pad
 Rocket launching
 Space craft launching
Future scope:
 Under water rails (continental).

26. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 26
Summary
 Maglev trains use magnets to levitate and propel the
trains forward.
 Since there is no friction these trains can reach high
speeds.
 It is a safe and efficient way to travel.
 Governments have mixed feelings about the technology.
Some countries, like China, have embraced it and others
like Germany have balked at the expense.

27. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 27
References:
 http://www.gaussboys.com/Halbach Array
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_levitation
 http://science.howstuffworks.com/magnet3.htm
 http://www.howstuffworks.com/electromagnet.htm

28. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 28
Thank you…
By
Sikharam Uday Kiran
EDS12M008

29. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 29
OPTIMUM MAGNET THICKNESS
=.2*wavelength (lambda)
Optimum wavelength = 4*pi*y1 (m)
y1 = levitation height (lambda)
Br = (Tesla) remanent field of the permanent magnet
1
2
77.
MagofWt.
levWt.
y
Br

Equations used:

30. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 30
LEVITATION FORCES
vkv



2
Excitation Frequency
Peak Strength of
Magnetic Field M
M
eBB kd
ro
/
)/sin(
*]1[




31. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 31
)2(
* 1
0
2
max Co ykB
A
F
e 


dL
d
c
y
LL
L
P
w
F
F

 *
max

32. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 32
L
R
vt *
2


C
C
d
kd
P
L
2
0

turns
P
A
l
R C
*


R
L
tan

33. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 33
LEVITATION FORCES
Levitation Height = .75 cm
Transition Velocity = 3.9 m/s
Approximately 14,200 m of wire will be needed
for 24 ft of track.

34. IIITDM KANCHEEPURAM 34
Thickness of Wire # of Turns Approx Amps
.0315 in 1 492 mA
.10189 in
10 awg
1 3.8 A
.10189 in
10 awg
5 9.9 A
Coil Estimations: