Native American Code Talker Essay

Native American Code Talker Essay
A. Plan of the Investigation This investigation evaluates to what extent did the Navajo code talkers aid the American military during WWII? In order
to assess the extent to which these soldiers assisted the American military during WWII, this investigation focuses on their involvement in transmitting
military messages in their native tongue, and the events surrounding these transmissions. In addition, the contribution of other Native American code
talkers is considered and compared to that of the Navajos specifically within the investigation. B. Summary of Evidence Native American code
transmission began in World War I, with the Choctaw Indians (Meadows, "Honoring"). "Because the Native languages were not based on European
languages or... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, in response to the 800 flawless messages transmitted by Navajos at Iwo Jima, Major Howard Connor– who was the signal officer of the
Navajos at Iwo Jima– said, "Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima" ("Navajo– Unbreakable Code"). The third
Amphibious Corps was thought to have been the ones to report that, during Guam and other missions, the Navajo were "considered indispensable
for the rapid transmission of classified dispatches" (Paul, 69). Besides transmitting vital information, the Code Talkers sometimes transmitted
"dummy" messages (Takaki, 52). These false messages drove the enemy crazy, trying to decipher them, but getting nowhere (Takaki, 52). Meadows
even puts forth the idea that if the Navajo and Comanche Indian communication units had been expanded, the war may have even been shortened
(Meadows, "Comanche", 50). As stated by Campbell, "In the year 2000, Federal legislation was enacted to award Congressional Gold Medals to the
Navajo code talkers for their contribution to America's victory over the Japanese Empire in World War II" (qtd. in "Hearing"). According to Tim
Johnson, "There is no doubt that the bravery and the courage of the Navajo code talkers helped to make the United States the free and proud place it is
today" (qtd. In "Hearing"). To an extreme extent,
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Professional Communication Cultural Sensitivity Essay
Professional Communication Cultural Sensitivity Guide Cultural competence can be defined as using the ability of one's awareness, attitude,
knowledge and skill to effectively interact with a patient's many cultural differences. Madeline Leininger, a pioneer on transcultural nursing describes it
this way; "a formal area of study and practice focused on comparative human–care differences and similarities of the beliefs, values and patterned
lifeways of cultures to provide culturally congruent, meaningful, and beneficial health care to people" (Barker, 2009, p. 498). The importance of
cultural diversity in healthcare allows for the delivery of appropriate cultural autonomy. Showing respect for others will lead to trust between nurse and
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Numbering roughly 250,000, the Navajo reservation covers approximately 25,000 square miles. Window Rock located in the North Eastern part
of Arizona is the capital of the Navajo Nation. As one of the poorest regions in the country, isolation, culture, traditions, as well as economic status
affect the Navajo communities' wellbeing and healthcare. While the elderly Navajo population grows about three percent a year, life expectancy
is "73.7 years compared to 76 years for the general population" (Mercer, 1996, p 184). Elderly Navajo members are revered due to their wisdom and
life experience. Other things that negatively affect the healthcare of the Navajo are little running water or electricity, no phones, rough rugged
terrain and most must drive more than one hour to a facility that provides health care. The Navajo home or hogan entrance must face east to
welcome the sun for daily blessings. Made of tree bark, mud and wooden poles, the hogan is windowless. The majority of the Navajo population has
no indoor plumbing. Merely 38% of Navajo people actually have electricity, heat and plumbing (McCauley, 2004, p. 47). Blending old with new,
traditional and modern Western medicine and treatment give the Navajo the best of both worlds culturally. Medicine from the Navajo perspective is
about healing people by restoring balance and harmony to the spirit. Prayer as well as balance healing rituals like "Walking in Beauty" (O'Brien,

Navajo Code Talkers Essay
"The code talkers were sworn to secrecy, an oath they kept and honored," (new mexico senator Jeff Bingaman) The Navajo "code talkers" helped
us win many wars there language was made into a military code which saved many lives. They are a tribe that was in america for years. The
military asked for them after years of not letting the Navajo tribe get involved. There are many legends in the Navajo for example, the creator is a
legend of the creation of the Navajo. The mythology is the creation story it involves the first world, the second world, the third world, and several
other things. The stories are passed down generation to generation they did not write down the history it is spoken to them.The traditions of the
Navajo tribe are thing like ceremonies for illnesses and deaths. The ceremonies last at least two days it includes chanting, prayer,and song. The
Navajo houses are hogans which are made of wooden poles, mud, and tree bark. The women wore a simple two piece apron and the men wore
breechcloths. In winter they wore animal skin to keep warm, or woven yucca,which is a shrub that has a... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The code was unbreakable only the people who knew how to speak the code understood it. They used words from the language then the translation
was different from the military words. For example the english word for gini is really chickenhawk, but for the military cade it means dive
bomber. There are several other codes to like the army alphabet code its where they take the first letter of each word to make a different word or
phrase. For example Alpha Romeo Mike Yankee Alpha lima papa hotel alpha bravo echo tango. Which means army alphabet. The number code is
sorta as the alphabet code they don't change the words for the letter very much for example 1 is wun and 2 is too.

Navajo Culture Research Paper
Navajo Culture Paper
Bridget E. Ebeling
Ancilla College
The Navajo name came from the Pueblo Indians. The Pueblo lived in the Southwest before the Navajo arrived about 500 years ago. The Pueblo
welcomed their new neighbors and taught them to farm. They called the new people "Navahu" (Bowman, The Navajo, 2016). The name means
"great planted fields" or "take from fields" (Bowman, The Navajo, 2016). Spanish people changed this name to "Navajo". The name Navajo has been
spelled many ways. Today, the "Navajo" spelling is most common. Their way of living is defined in all aspects of their culture.
Navajo Culture Paper
Most Navajo people call themselves "Dine". It means "the People" in the Navajo language. The Navajo people live on a reservation ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Marrying into one's own clan is highly forbidden and would be considered incest to the Navajo. This fact has been deteriorating over time. Navajos
value strong family ties even if family members move off of the reservation. Family members who work and live outside of the reservation are
known for sending money to others back on the reservation. It is customary to state the maternal and paternal clan names when introducing oneself to
another Navajo so that they know where you came from. Two Navajo's from the same clan who meet for the very first time will call each other sister
and brother. Cousins are also seen as brothers and sisters.
Family is considered extremely important in the Navajo culture. To be without relatives is to be really poor. Children are taught from infancy that the
family and tribe are very important. If a family member goes into the hospital, it is not uncommon to have extended family visit the person in the
hospital and even stay there. If a mother has her child in the pediatric ward at the hospital, all efforts to allow her to stay in the room with the child
should be made.

The New World
When the Europeans first arrived in the North American continents, they found hundreds of tribes occupying a vast and rich land that was now called
the new world. To what they had found in amazement that such a land filled of resources and native people they found to be amazing. They quickly
started to recognized the wealth of the natural resources. What for they came her to find gold soon turned out to be riches in another form of way.
Which now they had an opportunity to start a new life. However, they did not, so quick or willing to recognize the culture and the spiritual way of the
people and intellectual riches of the people they called Indians.
In the early nineteenth century, Navajos lived in what is now New Mexico in an area that was under Spanish colonial rule. Navajos lived too far from
the colonists, who were concentrated in the upper Rio Grande Valley, to be subjected to the disruption of their lives that the Pueblos suffered at the
hands of the Spanish. At times the Navajos were allied with the Spanish against other Indians, principally the Utes; other times the Spanish joined
forces with the Utes and fought the Navajos. For the Navajos, the most important by–product of Spanish colonization in New Mexico was the
introduction of horses and sheep; the smooth, long–staple, non–oily wool of the Spanish churro sheep would prove ideal for weaving. When the United
States claimed that it had acquired an interest in Navajo land by having won a war with Mexico in 1848,

Code Talkers Essay
In this precursor research paper, I will conduct a study of the code talkers from WWII. The purpose of this study is to remind other colleagues the
significance of the Navajos throughout World War II. I will use the following articles for my research, World War II Time Line
(Nationalgeographic.com), Semper Fidelis, Code talkers (Adam Jevec), Memorandum Regarding The Enlistment of Navajo (archives.gov),
Navajo Code Talkers And World War II 1943 (recordsofrights.org), and lastly the Unbreakable: Remembering the Code Talkers (Hilary Parkinson).
The main idea of my paper would be an insight look on who the code talkers were. Whose idea was it to form this group? What role did the Navajos
play in World War II, and why the Navajos? The first article that stood out to me was Semper Fidelis, Code Talkers (Adam Jevec). The article
mentions the history of code talkers, the reason why they were created, and the goal that they achieved. The... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In other words, without the Navajos, we wouldn't have been able to defeat the Japanese after they had bomb Pearl Harbor. The second article,
Memorandum Regarding The Enlistment of Navajo (archives.org) states, "Philip Johnston was the initiator of the Marine Corps' program to enlist and
train the Navajos as messengers. Although Johnston was not a Navajo, he grew up on a Navajo reservation as the son of a missionary and became
familiar with the people and their language." This quote illustrated us, who exactly came up with the idea of the code talkers. Furthermore, Phillip
Johnston was the mastermind of code talkers, even though he didn't speak the

Navajo Code Talkers And American Indians In The United...
Research Simulation Task
The excerpts from Navajo Code Talkers, and "What's So Special About Secret Codes?" and the article "American Indians in the United States Army,"
all have similarities and differences in the author's purpose. The excerpt from Navajo Code Talkers mainly focuses on what Native Americans had to
do to become a code breaker, while the article "American Indians in the United States Army," explains the effects of the code in the war. Finally, the
excerpt from "What's So Special About Secret Codes?" doesn't even mention the Navajo Code Talkers at all, it explains the history of codes and gives
examples from throughout history. In the excerpt from Navajo Code Talkers, the author's purpose is to describe the steps the U.S.... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Both Navajo Code Talkers and "American Indians in the United States Army," are about the Navajo code talkers. However, Navajo Code Talkers
focuses on the training these Native Americans went through, along with how the code was created. The article "American Indians in the United
States Army," explains how the code was used during the war. The final excerpt, "What's So Special About Secret Codes?" does not even give the
example of the Navajo code talkers at all. Instead, it gives different examples of codes that were used throughout history. Finally, all the texts
explain that codes are very important, while it be in a general sense, like in the excerpt from "What's So Special About Secret Codes?" or in a specific
way, like how the success in many of the wars the U.S. was part of depended on the Navajo code

Purpose And Symbolism Of The Leather Belt
The object that I chose to discuss is the Leather Belt. This object came from one of the most well–known Native American tribes in the United States,
the Navajo. The Navajo tribe was, and currently is, located within the four states of Arizona, Utah, New Mexico and Colorado– also known as the
Four Corners of the southwestern United States. Many people in the region still speak the Navajo language, as well as English. The Leather Belt was
originally made of leather and strapped with eight silver "conchas," the Spanish word for shells. Some believe that the Native Americans stole this idea
from the Mexicans. Within each shell, there is a silver coin design that has been stamped onto the concha. In order to attach the shells to the belt, each
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When the Mission was initially constructed, many people would depend on the Mission for food and supplies. They would starve since they were
always reliant on additional Missions and New Spain to send them food. Not only were the living conditions hard at the Mission, but the rules were
demanding as well. The way of life at Mission Santa Barbara comprised of waking up at sunrise each morning for great prayer then going to work
on the Mission. Work was not equal for everyone. Men, women and children were busy with their own jobs and those kept everyone busy throughout
the day. Men would mostly go through hard labor in the fields and take care of the crops that were being gathered, or monitor the cattle. On the other
hand, women and children classically remained inside the Mission and finished routine chores. Everyone who lived in the Mission understood that
they were likely to follow the Father's schedule and lifestyle. Not everybody could withstand such a strict lifestyle based on prayer and work;
therefore, many individuals, particularly the Native Americans who were not accustomed to this lifestyle, would try to escape from Mission

Navajo Language Essay
Our Navajo Language The Navajo Language is used in many forms within the Navajo peoples cultural system. It is yet a unique response to listen to
the youth speak the Dine' language we call Dine' Bizaad. As these young children grow into adolescence, they would later understand the meaning of
the Corn Pollen Way of Life; in a traditional sense. Our elders teach the adults to teach younger generation (the children) to get up early every
morning, to pray. Within our belief in order to receive the good things and a positive mindset for life, you have to pray and met your prayers half–way.
No matter the struggles, through our language we become stronger and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Navajo philosophy , the concept of peace is culture dependent and also situation dependent. I want to advertise the definition of peace within the
Navajo Language that has three elements: Ach'i'hozho (all is well toward oneself), K'e (the establishment of family and clan relationships),
Hodeezyeel (serenity or calm). Ach'i'hozho, K'e, Hodeezyeel are what a person is to strive for on a daily basis, where the process involves a
balancing of kindness and empathy on one hand and teachings on the other. Ach'i'hozho means a gift from elders; relates to a person's inner peace,
self–identity, which is inherited at birth. Navajo culture is being stressed to the youth and it is needed to be mention, the four parts of a person's
self identity and how it is a reflection of who and what a person is to be. The four are one's form, clan, language, and shadow. This all comes into
one because when a child is first born; traditionally the mother greets her little one by telling the baby its maternal clan followed by the paternal clan.
"Clan" affiliation presents a person with their initial history. It gives a person a sense of belonging by informing them of who is related to them. The
"language" one speaks is a testimony of the speaker's background, therefore the language one uses when interacting with others is a reflection of his
/her demeanor. A person's words go a long way in maintaining or destroying

Navajo : A Southern Athabaskan Language
Navajo is a Southern Athabaskan language of the Na–Dene family; it has similarities and is related to spoken languages across the western areas of
North America. The Navajo refer to themselves as the DinГ© or "People" and their language is known as DinГ© bizaad or "People's language". The
earliest recorded history appears to between the years 1581–1583 when the Spanish made their first contact with the Navajos. Nearly 200 years later
the Navajo were able to drive the Spanish settles from the Eastern regions off their land. 30 years after that in 1805, Spanish soldiers returned with a
vengeance and killed more than 100 Navajo women, children and elders hiding in a cave; this tragedy is known as the Massacre at Canyon de Chelly.
Nowadays, the Navajo language is predominately spoken in the Southwestern United States and currently the majority of the language is being used in
the Navajo Nation political area. Navajo is one of the most widely spoken Native American languages and according to an article titled, "Navajo
(DinГ© bizaad)" in 2011 it was estimated that there were nearly 170,000 Americans speaking Navajo. Though the number of speakers may seem large,
the language has had difficulties keeping a healthy speaker base. This was caused by an aggressive effort made on the part of the public and mission
schools on the western reservations, which taught young Native American students English. As referenced in Language, Culture and Society school
administrators used such

Code Talkers And Code Talkers
Throughout history, different people are treated with isolation and discrimination. This is shown in our culture through songs, movies, television
shows, and other forms of art in every corner of the world. For example, the movie and song "Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer" parallels the
oppression of minorities, specifically with the 'Code Talkers,' in the novel, Code Talkers, by Chester Nez, during World War II. Since before the
beginning of United States history, the people of the United States have oppressed and repressed the Native Americans that have lived on this land
long before them. The lyric, "All of the other reindeer/ used to laugh and call him names/ they never let poor Rudolph/ join in any reindeer games"
parallels the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And for the Code Talkers, years and years later, when they could finally discuss the code, "Senator Jeff Bingaman . . . proposed the 'Honoring the
Navajo Code Talkers Act' . . . the act called for recognition for the code talkers" (Nez 256). Both saved the day and both oppressor groups were
largely grateful for their sacrifices and for their differences that made it possible. Also, their differences from the rest of the world were not only
unique, but were hard or impossible to obtain. Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer's talent was obviously that he, "had a very shiny nose" (Autry 6).
This is difficult to obtain because he was born with it, it was not earned by him and it seems that this phenomenon has never happened before in
the North Pole reindeer world. Likewise, "pronunciation of even one Navajo word is nearly impossible for someone not used to hearing the
sounds" (Nez 91). This talent can be obtained, but is seemingly impossible to be learned later in life, as "the language was so complex it could be
learned only is one began in infancy" (Nez 91). That being said, this talent was in high demand because of the very small percentage of people who
could speak Navajo in the United States and the US Government could not simply take shortcuts in learning the language because they would need to
grow a colony of Navajo speaking children over the span of about eighteen years. Which, was time no one had.
Regardless of how the other reindeer or the United

Navajo Tribe Research Paper
The Navajo Native Americans experienced multiple struggles throughout their tribe's history, mostly surrounding the problems to do with the United
States military and the Spaniards pushing them from their territory. Although this was the fate of multiple tribes of Native Americans, the Navajo
struggled intensely to leave their homeland. The Navajo were a beautiful tribe with multiple hardships. The Navajo tribe was formed sometime
around the 1500s, and developed to become the largest Native American tribe. The word Navajo comes from "Tewa Navahu", translating to mean
"highly cultivated lands" loosely. The Navajo first resided largely in New Mexican areas and Arizona, however due to the violence against them from
the Mexicans and Spaniards from the raids on their camps, the Spaniards and United States military to intimidate the tribe. Around two–thirds of the
tribe surrendered and moved towards Utah on a trip that was later called ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Navajo had many ceremonies, some as long as nine days, which they were famous for. On average though, ceremonies were around three to
four days long ("Navajo Culture"). The Navajo were hugely into nature, and used a type of art called 'Sandpainting' as a spiritual way to involve
nature with the healing of the ill, mentally or physically. Their ceremonies also included dry paintings or altars, and every aspect of every day life is
considered ceremonial. "The Navajo culture used Sandpainting as a spiritual way to heal the sick. When they sandpainted, they made the painting in a
smooth bed of sand, which was only temporary. Crushed yellow ochre, red sandstone, gypsum, and charcoal were used to create the images during their
chants. The chants were for the Earth people and the holy people to come back into harmony, which provides them protection and healing." ("Navajo
Indian Culture and

What's Special About Secret Codes Summary
Imagine having to use a unique code to relay an urgent message that could save the lives of hundreds soldiers. Well in the passages Navajo Code
Talkers, "American Indians in the United States Army", and "What's So Special About Secret Codes?" all talk about codes. The author's purposes
are all to inform us but each of them are informing us on slightly different time frame and topics.. To begin with Navajo Code Talkers by Andrew
Santella covers around the year of 1942 and goes into depth about the Navajos training and the translation of the Navajo code. For example "...the
training course so difficult that it will turn new recruits into disciplined Marines who are ready for anything." When the Navajos first got to the Marine
camp they had to go through the difficult training but they completed the fitness tests with ease. Although that was only the beginning of what the
Navajos had to do before they could get even close to being aloud on the field. "...They received training in radio communications and basic
electronics." After finishing the boot camp training the author goes on to explain how the Navajos had to learn everything to do with these radios.
When they learned how to use these radios... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example "In the 400s BCE, a man named Demaratus wrote an urgent message on a tablet and then covered it with wax." That was the first
example the author gave and it shows how long ago people had started using codes or started hiding messages. Another example the author gave was
"Around 2,000 years ago, the Chinese wrote secret messages on hard–boiled eggs." Another way for people to hide messages without getting caught
and possibly harmed. The author purpose in writing this passage seems like it was to inform us about how long people have been using secret codes
and how they have been doing

American History Retells World War II
American history retells World War II (WWII) stories about heroes, and their contribution to the success in ending the conflict between Japan and the
United States (U.S.). The U.S. Military's attempt to seize key islands in the South Pacific seem futile as Japanese Imperial Intelligence Teams (JIIT)
monitored U.S. communications systems. Messages intercepted by the JITT compromised U.S. Military synchronization activities, putting their efforts
and the lives of American Soldier's at risk. The Navajo Code Talker program is the U.S. Marine Corps' solution to secure communications.
World War I (WWI) introduced the concept of securing lines of communication with a foreign language not used by both sides during the war.
Innovative combat Commanders utilized Native Americans and their language within their ranks to send secure message. These Native transmissions
had flaws. The messages transmitted in the native language did not have a coded format. Military terms for rank, weapons, and vehicles also did not
exist in the Native vocabulary. At the conclusion of WWI, the Germans identified the Native American tribes by their language used during the war,
exploiting and deterring any further similar attempts to secure messages. The U.S. Military ceased further improvements into the augmentation of
native languages and radio communication.
The U.S. Military, struggling with a communication disadvantage in the early stages of WWII proposed to employ Native Americans and their language

Navajo Code Talkers Research Paper
In 1997, a group of Indian Code Talkers were communicating between radio during war time communications. These codes were created by Native
Americans, also the Choctaw language was used during these wars to create secret messages. The United States used these codes because they
believed it would secure any messages that they send. Navajo Code Talkers had many advantages in WWII because it saved millions of lives due to
their ability to communicate with one another. Since the United States had this code, it gave them an advantage against their enemies. What caused the
event? The Navajo Code Talkers became a necessity for the military because they were able to create a code that no one can decipher except for them.
The idea came from Philip Johnston because he was a missionary to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Johnston was a World War I veteran, and he knew that the military was searching for a code. As stated by the Naval History and Heritage Command,
"Johnston believed Navajo answered the military requirement for an indecipherable code because Navajo is an unwritten language of extreme
complexity. Its syntax and tonal qualities, not to mention dialects, make it unintelligible to anyone without extensive exposure and training" (2016).
This code does not include alphabet, symbols, and is spoken only on the Navajo lands. When the war was happening in the United States, they became
vulnerable to Japanese intelligence specialists as stated by Nadra Nittle, "They used their English–speaking soldiers to intercept the messages issued by
the U.S. military. Each time the military devised a code, Japanese intelligence experts deciphered it" (2017). The United States wanted to have
something derived for themselves without anyone

Navajo Indians Research Paper
The Navajo Indians have influenced the history and culture in Arizona in the 21st century. Through the past and present the Navajo Indians have been
around dated back to centuries before Christopher Columbus landed in America. The Navajo were established in the Four Corners. The rich culture that
the Navajo have been creating is still current today and influenced our states' beauty. The Navajo Indians have shaped our culture today in Arizona by
their history and traditions. The Navajo was given their name by the Tewa Indian tribe (Native American Indian Culture– Navajo, Apache, and Hopi
Indians). The Navajo name generally meaning "Takers of the field" (Native American Indian Culture– Navajo, Apache, and Hopi Indians). Our farming
techniques... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Navajo Code Talkers has shaped our history and affected the enemy during World War II. The Navajo Code Talkers are famous for their
bravery and loyalty. The Navajo language was only known by a few, but was used to "create a secret code to battle the Japanese's" (Discover). This
languages' purpose was to confuse and deceive our enemy, the Japanese in World War II. Many people have said that the Navajo Code Talkers
saved our nation, and helped us win World War II. There are only 29 of the original Navajo Talkers, it is estimated that 40 to 70 are to be living
today (Last Surviving Original Code Talker, Chester Nez, Speaks During Northland College's Indigenous Cultures Awareness Month). We are still not
positive on who is alive because the government kept it a secret for 23 years. Currently the Navajo Nation is one of the "largest federally recognized
Indian tribes in North America" (NN Agriculture). TheNavajo people are very resourceful and taught us farming techniques that help us prosper
today. The Navajos "cultural uniqueness is recognized as the core foundation for our sovereignty" (NN Agriculture). The Navajo people taught us
that the unlimited resourceful given to us by earth should be used to prosper and succeed. The Navajo Nation is very rich in beauty, culture, and
history. Many people are interested in the way of life the Navajo have experienced. I hope we can continue to teach generations about how we are
influenced by their ways of life. We can learn many things from the Navajo Indians; they have shaped and molded our culture in Arizona in the 21st

The Navajo Tribe : The History Of The Navajo Tribe
The Navajo Tribe:
Throughout history, the Navajo tribe hasn't always been what it is today. Although the Navajos first location of existence is not well known, they're
one of the most studied Native American tribes.Their culture was affected by relocation of environment, wars between the Spaniards and the U.S.
Government, and more. Even though most people would think in today's world, Navajos don't exist anymore, they have a population of 250,000.
Located in the states of Utah, Arizona and New Mexico, the Navajo nation covers 27,000 miles of land. Even through wars, The treaty between the
United States and the Navajos, and the colonization of Christopher Columbus, the tribe has been able to maintain what they can from their culture
throughout the years.
To begin with, according to " A History of The Navajos" by Garrick and Roberta Glenn Bailey, " The term 'Navajo' did not appear in the spanish
records until 1626, when Fray de ZГЎrate SalmerГіn noted the presence of the "Apache Indians of NabajГє," a group occupying the Chama Valley and
a portion of the San Juan Basin in northwestern New Mexico". Furthermore, Navajo is the name of their language which is also known as "dinГ©
Bizaad" and this tribe also likes to call themselves dine or the people. An article in navajo people.org, states that " Navajo is a language of the Apachean
subgroup of the Athabaskan branch of the Na–DenГ© language family, along with Apache. The Athabaskan language family includes approximately 44
different

Code Talker Book Report
If you were a Navajo boy, forced out of your own culture and made to live in the brutal world of white man's racial standards; could you survive
that reality? The book code talker, written by Joseph Bruchac, biased on the historically fictionalized story of Neds Begay's life. Ned as a child, is
herded into the extremely deprecative atmosphere, of boarding school. Ned, eventually goes on to fight for the same country that implemented him
into the hardship he was forced to endure; at the same time making friends that would be so loyal as to sacrifice themselves for him. Ned's friends
talked to cheer each other up and be were always there for Ned or anyone else if things got tough for them. They would laugh, talk and overall have
such a strong connection with each other that even if it was for a second Ned would forget... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For Ned, the thought of his family only made him fight harder. They were extremely supportive of his decision to go to war. They knew he couldn't
be stopped, but his parents instigated the rule that Ned may only be of the correct age to join the military. Ned respected their request and when he
came of age was shipped out. During war Ned would often catch himself thinking about them and the he received telling him to hurry home only made
it harder for him. Letters saying, "Dear son we pray for your quick return home." He fought harder so as to haisen his return home. Through all the love
and support he felt was converted into strength, strength he used to fight for his loved ones. Ned would use the compassion he felt and use it as a
tool, a tool to destroy his enemies, and it was quite a powerful tool. At time he would stare at the stars and it would take him back home, to the hills,
the rivers and his loving friends and family and all the support of his tribe. Ned believed that his survival was due to his ancestors watching over him
during his his times of hardships and

Navajo Code Talkers Research Paper
SSG Rodriguez, Victor
ALC 35F3014–021–025
12th PLT, SSG Wilson
Navajo Code Talkers
During World War I the military utilized American Indian language to have a secure code. This allowed for secure communications while conduction
operations throughout Europe. Prior to the onset of World War II Adolph Hitler and the Japanese sent students to theUnited States to study Indian
languages to break the "unbreakable" code; this lead to the development of a new language utilizing the Navajo language. Those who served their
country were known as the Code Talkers.
The first 29 recruits were sent to military training in San Diego CA in May of 1942. Following the completion of their training they were tasked with
developing a written language for Navajos. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were given a transmission to get from one unit to another. "The Code Talkers successfully translated, transmitted and retranslated a test message
in two and a half minutes. Without using the Navajo code, it could take hours for a soldier to complete the same task." (CIA, 2008) With the success
of this test Navajos begin to be deployed in every major operation in the Pacific theater.
"Major Howard Connor, who was the signal officer of the Navajos at Iwo Jima, said, 'Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken
Iwo Jima.'" (CIA, 2008) Japanese were skilled at breaking codes developed by the Army and Air Corp but failed to break the code utilized by the
Marines and the Navajo Code Talkers. The code was so complex and detailed that you had to be trained as aCode Talker to be able to fully understand.
The Japanese took a non–code trained Navajo soldier captive while serving in Japan. As a POW he was forced to listen to recordings of the Navajos
speak in code. Although he spoke the language he was unable to decipher the code and give the Japanese the means to decipher it. After his release he
eventually met a Code Talker. His statement to them was "I never figured out what you guys who got me into all that trouble were saying." (Committe,

The Navajo Language : The American Indian War Essay
The Navajo Language On September 11, 2001 the world watched as the lives of many regardless of age, race, gender, and ethnicity changed as we
witnessed a terror attack unfold on our homeland, the United States of America. The graphic images of the twin towers collapsing and an airline jet
crashing into the Pentagon portrayed an image of what the American Indian's must have seen as the Unites States Government (USG) made advances
on their ancestral lands, threatening their very livelihood. As a direct result of conflicts with the USG, American Indians were relocated to reservations,
where they suffered poverty, racism, and termination of their culture, traditions, and language. Despite their tragic history, the American Indian Soldiers
have made countless contributions to the freedoms of this great nation. The American Indian's service to the United States Armed Forces (USAF) is
dated back to the American Revolution, the War of 1812, and every major conflict recorded in American history, to the current war against terrorism.
Even though congress marked the American Indians for abolishment at one point in American history, the use of the Navajo language during World
War II is the only reason that America still reigns "Home of the Brave".
The Navajo People
The Navajo (or Dine), which means "The People" are located on the Navajo reservation, spanning more than 27,000 miles, at the four corners of
Arizona, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. The 2010 Census Brief reports the

The Navajo People and Their Environmental Concerns Essay
The Navajo People and Their Environmental Concerns
Introduction
This nation was built on the foundation that "All Men are Created Equal." Under the eyes of God, no man is better than another. This has held our
nation together and forced us to exist interdependently. We are fortunate to live in a nation that possesses such a wealth of diversity. It makesour nation
unique and gives people the opportunity to learn about the beauty of culture. However, history has shown us that not all have embraced diversity. For
this reason, civil rights movements have long been a part of our history. Citizens of this country recognize key figures in Civil Rights movements such
as Martin Luther King Jr. and Cesar Chavez who have promoted ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
census, 37% of Navajos live under the poverty line.
The Navajo Indian Reservation is the largest reservation in the nation.
Native Americans and Alaskan Natives account for only 1.5% of the entire nation's population, most of which reside in the western and
southwestern states of the United States ().
In total, American Indians own approximately 55 millions acres.
This land amount is less than 3% of what they originally owned.
About 250 different tribal languages are spoken.
Indians are the only U.S. minority that must legally prove its minority status.
These numbers represent the struggle the Native American faces. First, 97% of their land was taken away from them over the last 500 years. The land
belonged to their ancestors. No land titles or claims existed before the arrival of the Spanish and English. Their lands were communal and they existed
with unwritten boundaries. Cases of such cultural displacement exist amongst indigenous people around the globe. For instance, the Mapuche Indians
in Chile were victims of the Spanish conquest. Before 1866, the Mapuche lived on over 100,000 square kilometers of land. Between 1866 and 1927,
they were forced to then live on 5,000

The Navajo Tribe was a very interesting tribe. They had many things on their camp. The tribe also had a very well set up government and a strict set
of rules. They had everything set up kind of like we have our society today. Starting with their social organization. Then to their language being
completely different from ours both spoken and written. Their government was set up like todays is. Their religion was the only thing completely
different in many many ways. The navajo tribe didn't have much of a political system of authority except for kinship. During the preservation period in
their time the population was divided into "localized bands". All the bands had their own recognized leader. Even Though they did not have any
"coercive... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All members of a family or a "clan" are responsible for all actions. "Remaining the good family" was very important to the whole Navajo tribe. Then to
the people who were considered "bad people" were accused of witchcraft, and were considered public enemies. Being the " bad people" was very
frowned on by the Navajo People. Then there is the Navajo language. The Navajo language was called "linguistic sketch". Linguistic sketch was
found in used in 33 different places. These places consisted of "Affricates and Fricatives". Length phonemic in the Navajo language is where vowles
would appear short or long sometimes even longer. They also have had syllables that would either be high or low. Even some lng or short this would
often cause the falling and rising tone in the long syllables. The rising tone was marked in the language as orthography by an ancient syllables.
Next I am going to talk about their form of government. Their form of government was called ya'ta'eeh. Ya'ta'eeh was made up to help the navajo
council make necessary and accountable rules and actions. They made these rules to better their nation. They made the rules comprehensive and
planned them out perfectly to be understood by all

Similarities Between Public Speaking And Navajo Language
I have always been able to accomplish things to the best of my abilities. in the company of this approach, I am pleased to state I have always been
successful with my academics. Nevertheless, do not assume I have constantly encountered academic subjects with ease. There are two topics I have
struggled with. The two subjects–public speaking and Navajo language– have posed a few challenges for me. In my uprising, I was an extremely timid
and prudent child. Although I was social–able amongst my peers and friends, whenever I heard the teacher announce the class was going to present in
front of the class, I became washed with anxiety. Although I was familiar with pretty much every person in the classroom, my voice shook as I would
try to talk. The factors contributing to my apprehension in public speaking are my lack of outgoing–ness. Because I was so shy, I did not communicate
and was not as open to my surroundings. I mainly kept to my friends, my family, and myself.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In my earlier years, I was practically fluent. But after enrolling in school and having to learn the English language and literature, my Navajo
vocabulary began diminishing. Now, when my grandmother, or another elder, try talking to me in the native language, I only understand a few
words. I believe that my challenges in this subject are not only due to my lack of interest, but also due to the years not having to take Navajo classes.
After junior high, I was determined to only take part in the core classes, which did not include Navajo. Because of this, I lost my skills in this

An Efficient Way Transmit Codes
Throughout time the need for an efficient way transmit codes were essential to success, after World War I and into the start of World War II
American forces was running out of ideas for codes. The USA had always used the white's soldiers for the code talkers because there were easy to
train, and a abundance of them to choose making them the practice choose for code talkers. Until Philip Johnston, he was an initiator that worked
for a Marine Corps ' program. As a kid and into his teens he grew up on a Navajo reservation and his dad was a missionary. Whit all the time that
Johnston spent of the reservation he became familiar with the people and their language. With the use of the Navajos it grained equality for Native
Americans which was not found in the late 1800's, and soon it gained them a greater respect by the whites into today's age. In the late 1800's
Indians were seen through the eyes of the settlers as pests, people who occupy the land that rightfully belonged to the whites. They were thought of
as savages. However this was not true, the Navajo Indians and many other tribes were only willing to fight for their land, families and the property
that they have inhabited for hundreds of years (Robert A. Roessel, 1). In this time of lack of control, Navajos were overpowered by Americans who
were in position of authority and control. This is because Americans lacked the understanding of the Navajo way, leading to be fatal for many as they
were being transferred, resigned,

The Native American Experience: Through The Eyes of...
Code
"What I'm about to tell you, Corporal, cannot leave this room. Under no circumstances can you allow your code talker to fall into enemy hands. Your
mission is to protect the code... at all cost." In the movie, Windtalkers, this is how a commander wants his marine to treat the paired Navajo code
talker. That is, if it's necessary, his marine could kill the Navajo, just like abandoning one of his properties. Even in the mid 1900s, the Native
Americans were still treated not as human beings, but rather, machines; therefore, it is not hard for us to imagine how even more frightening the Native
Americans' circumstances were in the early days when they were first colonized by the western settlers. In Deborah Miranda's "Indian ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is also this depressing lost of Native Americans' culture that has motivated them to never stop trying to return home. However, in the memory of the
speaker's dad, these Native Americans were just "swollen bellies of salmon coming back to a river that wasn't there" (CR 123). Salmon have the nature
of returning back to the place, where they were born in, to reproduce. Comparing the Native Americans to salmon, the author identifies the importance
of their land to their nature. That is, losing the land is the same as losing their reproduction. Therefore, taking the land away for the modern
developments, the western culture has ultimately become the nightmare for the Native Americans.
Similar to Deborah, in "Itch Like Crazy: Resistance", Wendy also uses mother–child metaphors to deliver the ultimate relationship between the people
and their land that the land gives birth to the Native Americans. When the speaker in the poem refers to the place, namely the "Turtle", where the
history of colonization has happened to the Native Americans, she identifies this area as "my mother, the stones, channels of water, / blood of her
veins, every place a place where history walked" (CR 125). Comparing the land to the "mother", Wendy suggests that the perspective of the Native
Americans toward their land is very different than how

Ned's Argumentative Essay
From the time Ned enters boarding school, to his time as a code talker, tradition plays an imperative role in the narrative. At first, Navajo traditions
and language are virtually beaten out of students in boarding school. A wooden sign at the entrance of the school reads, "Tradition is the enemy of
progress" (Bruchac, p.23). At school, the children were told not to even speak their language, and if they were caught, they were punished
ruthlessly. As Ned put it, "Anything that belonged to the Navajo way was bad, and our Navajo language was the worst." (Bruchac, p.23) As Ned
goes into high school, the culture of the Navajos is still strongly dissuaded, though not as much as in prior years of boarding school. In one instance,
Ned says something in Navajo and is heard by a teacher, and is forced to sit in front of the rest of his class wearing a dunce hat. Since he was
painstakingly embarrassed by the experience, he is not caught speaking his native language for the duration of high school. Even though some of the
students want to keep hold of their Navajo roots and culture, they all seem to end up thoughtlessly absorbing white culture. Little did they know that
one aspect of their culture would become extremely imperative in the years to come.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At one time when Ned was at home on the reservation, a Marine recruiter came to recruit the men on the men to join the Marines. The Marines were
recruiting Navajos specifically. At first, no one knew why. The first twenty nine shortly found out they were needed for a "special purpose". They were
not aware at the time, but they were eventually going to become code

The West Side Of The Mississippi River Essay
Upon the arrival to the North America continent the majority of the European settlers stood close towards the Eastern waters. Decades would
pass for an idea to spark for the attempt to discover the West side of the Mississippi River. Two Native American tribes dominated the West,
however in completely different geographical regions. Both the Chinook and Navajo tribe resided in the Western part of North America, the
Chinook had a different ideology and society structure then the Southwestern Navajo tribe. The story of life can be described as the notorious
Adam and Eve chapter, yet Native Americans would disclose a different tail. The creation on how the world was shaped and formed many
societies have a different logic and beliefs. The Northwest region of America is the home to a tribe called the Chinook. The prelude begins of a
man who originally fell from the sky and shortly after discovered a woman from the ground according to the First People (n.d) "The first men of the
tribe came from the sky because they were the offspring of Thunderbird. The men then found and plucked women from the valley floor. This was the
first Chinook tribe.". The men would pull out women from rocks and it gave the shape of a woman. Original stories told by the Chinook tribe who
lived in what is now Oregon and Washington state have completely different views on how life, men and women were created. Where down south the
Navajos have a different point of view. The Navajos believed in multiple

A Brief Look at the Navajo Nation
The times have changed, but the spirit lives on. The Navajo are a Native American tribe that resides as their own nation in the southwestern part of
the United States. The land consists of desert and mountains, so the Navajo had to learn many skills to live and adapt with the land. They gathered
plants and nuts to eat, hunted animals for meat, and used the skins to keep warm at night as the temperature in the desert drops to below freezing.
As times changed the Navajo adapted their skills to benefit them. They got herds of goats and sheep and used wool from the sheep to weave
amazing blankets. Today, the Navajo tribe teaches their cultural traditions and beliefs to their children and followers. They believe nature is sacred
and they give thanks to the animals and plants they use for food. The Navajo passed on their beliefs that the people emerged into the world to escape
a flood in the lower world. The Navajo also tell many stories to show respect for nature and the spirits and neglect the ones of being treated unlawfully.
The Navajo Nation allows these people to try and maintain the lifestyle that their ancestors lived, with some modern exceptions. Most Navajo people
live on the reservations, but sadly, they are poverty stricken. However, it is a place where they are sheltered from a growing society. Due to all of this,
the Navajo's unique traditions and beliefs, along with its prior mistreatment, justify the formation of their own nation.
There are 500 Native American

How Did The Navajo Code Talkers Help The Allies
There was a group of Navajo men, called Code Talkers, that played a major part in helping the Allies in World War II. Their work was so successful for
multiple reasons.
Code Talkers were Navajo men who used their native language to develop a code that was indecipherable to Japanese cryptologists. In the beginning
there were twenty–nine Navajo men creating the codes, called the "Original 29," but several hundred Navajos would join and learn the code. For
years the Navajos were unable to speak of what they did in the war, but now they've been given authorization to tell their tale. Their code played a
major part in helping the Allies win the war. The article states that,"The group participated in every assault the Marines conducted in the Pacific,
sending thousands of covert messages regarding the movements of Japanese troops, battlefield tactics, and other details that would prove critical to the
war's ultimate outcome," proving that the Code ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reason being that the Navajos native language was unwritten. The article explains,"After basic training in 1942, Nez's platoon was tasked with
developing a code, based on the then–unwritten Navajo language. Using Navajo words for red soil, war chief, clan, braided hair, beads, ant, and
hummingbird, for example, the Original 29 came up with an alphabet and a glossary of more than 200 terms." This shows that because the language
was unwritten, you'd have to know the language to even have a chance of figuring out the codes. The Code Talkers were the walking carriers of the
code and each message that was read by a Code Talker, was destroyed immediately afterwards. The Navajo code was so indecipherable, that a Navajo
soldiers that had been captured by the Japanese, couldn't decipher it. The article states that, "After the war, the soldier told one of the Code Talkers, "I
never figured out what you guys who got me into all that trouble were

Navajo Code Talkers Case Study
What battles did the code talkers help in? How did the talkers understand each other among all the confusion? What made the code so unbreakable
no one could figure out what the code meant? The Navajo Code Talkers were an elite group of Navajos who had to create a code that was
unbreakable. The Code Talkers had to understand each other perfectly. The talkers did this by meeting in a room for a really long time to make the
code. When the Navajos made the code the coders named certain vehicles after animals. For example the Navajos named submarines "iron fish".
Everyone was trained and quizzed so hard so that the coders could send and receive messages perfectly. Once there was a 6 hour period where the
Navajos sent and received more than 800 messages perfectly.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of those major battles was Okinawa. The code Talkers also led in Iwo Jima as they had to relay enemy positions to the ships so they could
focus their fire. At one point in the war, the Allies were leading an island hopping campaign in the Pacific. When the Allies had to go from island to
island, the Navajos had to transmit codes perfectly to each other to make the campaign successful. Captain Howard Connor even said, "Were it not
for the Navajo Code Talkers, the Marines would have never taken Iwo Jima." The Navajo Code was very complicated making it hard to understand
for the Japanese. The Code Talkers had 2–3 different words for each letter. When the Navajos named a vehicle that vehicle was named with an animal
with a certain characteristic. For instance they called dive bombers "Gini", which means Chicken Hawk, because Chicken Hawks dive. The Japanese
had already studied Native American languages such as Cherokee, Creek, and Choctaw, as well as many others. In World War I we used those
languages but after the war the Japs learned about them so that's why the U.S. decided to use the

Native American Civilization
the Native culture. Some may argue that it was for the purpose of creating civilized people out of Native Americans, but, who said they weren't
civilized in the first place? Native Americans were suffering after being removed from their reservations into the boarding schools, and their overall
goal of destructing the Native culture. First, boarding schools were highly affecting the Natives as they were deadly infections like Tuberculosis and
the flu, which caused many deaths. As well as being physiological affected, they were physically affected like the diseases, causing many deaths
among them. The Carlisle boarding school had nearly 200 children dead and buried between 1879 and 1918, as that kept on happening Pratt decided
to request "healthy children" from the Indian reservations to the school. The cleaning conditions during this time were not the best and with the
percentage of 74% of circulating viruses that shows that children are more likely to die from any bacteria causing disease than any other age group,
so it was more probable for children to die from these causes, causing them death, and even worse not changing at all. The way boarding schools were
in the sanitary conditions, remained the same all through the end of the off–reservation schools that were created. Interviews were made explaining
how there were people informing what they went through or sharing their testimony. A woman was interviewed, she was one of the girls that shared a
dorm with a

The Navajo Code Talkers Essay
The Navajo Code Talkers
During the Pacific portion of World War II, increasingly frequent instances of broken codes plagued the United States Marine Corps. Because the
Japanese had become adept code breakers, at one point a code based on a mathematical algorithm could not be considered secure for more than 24
hours. Desperate for an answer to the apparent problem, the Marines decided to implement a non–mathematical code; they turned to Philip Johnston's
concept of using a coded Navajo language for transmissions.
Although this idea had been successfully implemented during World War I using the Choctaw Indian's language, history generally credits Philip
Johnston for the idea to use Navajos to transmit code ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally, the Japanese could not imitate the code. Consequently, there was never fear that the Marines might receive fake communications. The
services these Code Talkers provided not only saved many lives, but, according to some, actually had a huge effect on the outcome of many battles.
Maj. Gen. Robert Magnus, commander of Marine Corps Air Bases, claimed "there was a dramatic reduction in Marine casualties" due to the usage of
the Code Talkers (qtd. in Bond 3). In fact, Sharon Bond, a writer for the St. Petersburg Times, recently declared that, "On Iwa Jima... the Marines could
not have taken the island without [the Code Talkers]" (Bond 3).
Sadly enough, the Navajos returned home after these successes unable to tell their stories or receive recognition for their efforts because the
government had classified the work Top Secret. It was not until 1969 that the Code Talkers received some public recognition for their achievements.
But, for nearly the next twenty years, very little was known about them. In the 1980's, though, a strong public appeal to decorate the Code Talkers for
their World War II work resulted in President Reagan declaring August 14th National Code Talker Day (Shaffer 2). Even considering this national
honor, the debate still continues over whether the

Code Talker, By Joseph Bruchac
It became a point in time, where enlisting in World War II, was the mentality of providing a unique opportunity. During this time, segregation was
running the United States and ultimately whites ran the show. Many white teachers made others feel useless and inferior to others. The American
society was in a transition period of cultural expansion. Whites felt the need to require patience, tact, and a high tolerance for injustice. For Navajo
Indian Ned Begay, he wanted to make a difference and prove them wrong. Ned was intelligent and interested in learning and doing well in school. As
a high school sophomore, recruiters came and appointed him for a special mission to learn and break the unbreakable code that was based on the Navajo
language. This book "Code talker: A Novel about the Navajo Marines of World War Two", by Joseph Bruchac, symbolizes the grueling journey of
being a crucial part of the United States during World War Two. The deeply affecting novel honors all the young men, like Ned, who dared to serve
for the opportunity to save countless American lives. "The lives of many men depended entirely on our memories" (1 Bruchac). An honorable group
of men who took their culture and language of the Navajo Indians to break the unbreakable code against Japan. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on
December 7th, 1941 and it shocked the world. The Japanese became complex and adapted to breaking into codes from other countries. The Americans
knew they needed

World War II: The Navajo Language
A large portion of America's victory in World War II is owed to the Navajo Indians, because of their use of code talking. The previous codes used by
the United States were either able to be decoded by enemies or they required strenuous coding and decoding on both sides. The Navajo's language
proved to be a tremendously great tool that aided The United States in World War II because it could be decoded quickly, contrary to other coding
systems, and because it provided a secure way of communicating, that very few, even on the American side could understand. In 1942, a white man
(described by the Indians as Anglo), named Philip Johnson who had grown up on a Navajo reservation and fluently spoke the Navajo language was
concerned about the security ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jevec, "Semper Fidelis, Code Talkers") At Camp Elliot, the Navajo language was refined and encoded to ensure security by the initial recruits and
communications personnel. This was the first Navajo code, and it consisted 211 words that were to be used to communicate in combat. Some of the
words in the vocabulary were words such as: Be–al–doh–tso–lani, that directly translated to Many Big Guns, which was understood as Artillery, and
Ni–ma–si, that directly translated to potatoes, which was understood as hand grenades. If there was a word that needed to be relayed that was not in
the vocabulary, it was spelled out using the translated corresponding word for the abc's. For instance, the letter A was pronounced Wol
–la–chee, which
translated to ant, or the letter J was pronounced Tkele–cho–gi, which translated to Jackass. The first Navajo Code proved to be inadequate, and many
words were being spelled out. T. Holm states "They expanded the code to include terms for various countries. Eventually the code contained a
vocabulary of 411 terms." (Code Talkers and Warriors Native Americans and World War II, 78) Those who encoded, decoded, and translated messages
regularly became exceptionally good and efficient and encoding, sending, receiving, decoding, and translating messages. In total, 421 Navajo Indians
had finished wartime training at Camp Pendleton's code talker school, and they were all capable of communicating in the newly coded Navajo

The Native American Movement In Chester Nez's Code Talker
In Code Talker, the response of the Navajo men to the call for young men to become soldiers was one filled with eagerness and prideful intent. One
thing that stood out to me in particular was when Nez claimed that many men even lied about their age just so they could meet the requirements to
be considered. The weight of this is huge because this was a tribe that had undoubtedly been moved and bullied by the white men and even had
their children sent to white boarding schools to become "Americanized," and yet they still felt the desire to fight for America as their own country.
Similar to the African American movement with W.E.B. Dubois, the native tribe saw war as a chance to show their value, and they did. The
change we see in Chester Nez throughout the events of the war is he went from hating the thought to boarding school to eventually being very
grateful that he had gone, because if he hadn't, he would not have learned english or been able to help create the secret code. With this in mind and
the before and after pictures in the source packets, the change in Native Americans in general is that they kept their traditions, but they also allowed
Americanization to take place in a balance. This is the reason that Chester Nez did not move back to his tribal land after the war, but looked for a
job and home in a suburban area. In instances like this one, or even instances like the report of the Santella family by Manuel Gamio, we see that in
order for diversity to be

The word Navajo means highly cultivated lands. The Navajo tribes began in the 1500s. They survived by trading maize and woven items for bison
meat and weapons ("Navajo Indians"). The Navajos are the largest of all Native American tribes. They live on the largest reservation in the United
States in the Four Corners area ("The Navajo Tribe"). They lived in small, simple homes made of sticks and bark. Eventually they built the homes out
of stones and adobe. They designed their homes so the doors would face the east, causing the sun to shine in. These homes are called hogans.
When the Spanish came, the Navajos used the wool from sheep for their clothes. They would also use the meat of the sheep for food. They did not
immediately eat ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This expressed the need for government ("History"). In 1991, the Navajo governmental system was remodeled after the American government It still
contains many important elements of Navajo culture. They have three branches of government like the United States. The Navajo Nation is divided into
Chapter Houses. Delegates come together in a central council and vote on decisions (Gilio–Whitaker). The Navajo government had become the largest
and most sophisticated of the American Indian governments ("History"). The Navajos continue to speak traditionally in their Navajo language. This
shows how they maintain tradition while continuing with progress. The Navajo Indians played a crucial role in World War II. Navajo Code Talkers
were used for military communication. The Japanese could not decode the Navajo language. The Navajo Code Talkers participated in every assault
that the United States conducted in the Pacific ("History"). They sent messages via telephone and radio. This is considered a main factor in the
victory of the Allies. Very few Navajo code talkers are still alive today

Essay on Navajo Code Talkers in WW2
Navajo Code Talkers: Unknown Heroes
Seldom has it ever occurred that heroes to our country, let alone in general, have had to wait decades for proper acknowledgement for their heroic
deeds. This is not the case for the Navajo Code Talkers. These brave souls had to wait a total of six decades to be acknowledged for their
contributions to the United States and the Allied Forces of WWII. The code talkers were an influential piece to the success of the United States forces
in the Pacific. Thus had it not been for the Native Americans that volunteered to be code talkers, there might not have been such a drastic turn around in
the fighting of the Pacific Theatre. Prior to the use of the Navajo language as code there had only been one other ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The key to this code was that it was entirely oral, nothing was ever written down. Thus the entire code had to be memorized which would not prove
to be too difficult since it was Native Navajos speaking their own language. Some translations were rather simple bombs for example reminded the
code talkers of eggs so they used their word for eggs chosea–ye–shi. The native word for frog; chal was used as code for an amphibious assault. "A
bomber plane now was jeeshoo (buzzard), a submarine beeshloo (iron fish), and a battleship was lootsoh (whale). Britain became Tota (between
the waters), India Ee (white clothes), and Germany Beeshbich aahi (iron hat). Each letter of the alphabet underwent a similar transformation. In
the code wolachii (ant) stood for В‘a', shash (bear) for В‘b' and mosi (cat) for В‘c'" (DinГ©). On a more comedic note "Descriptive Navajo names
for enemies and enemy leaders were coined. Adolf Hitler was Daghailchiih (Moustache Smeller)." ("Coded Contributions" History Today, Jul 91) It
is ironic that the very language white Americans and settlers and missionaries have been urging and forcing the Navajos to stop using since their
arrival would be need by the "whites" in order to be successful. Perhaps more ironic was that it was the son of a protestant missionary that came up
with a proposal for the idea. This man was named Philip Johnston. He had grown up on a Navajo reservation in New Mexico. "His proposal reached the

The American Indian War : The War Of 1812 And An Airline...
The Review of History On September 11, 2001 the world watched as the lives of many regardless of age, race, gender, and ethnicity changed as we
witnessed a terror attack unfold on our homeland, the United States of America. The graphic images of the twin towers collapsing and an airline jet
plan crashing into the Pentagon portrayed an image of what the American Indian's must have seen as the Unites States Government (USG) made
advances on their ancestral lands, threatening their very livelihood. As a direct result of conflicts with the USG, American Indians were relocated on
reservations, where they suffered poverty, racism, and termination of their culture, traditions, and language. Despite their tragic history, the American
Indian Soldiers has made countless contributions to the freedoms of this great nation. The American Indian's service to the United States Armed Forces
(USAF) is dated back to the American Revolution, the War of 1812, and every major conflict recorded in American history, to the current war against
terrorism. Even though congress marked the American Indians for abolishment at one point in American history, the use of the Navajo language during
World War II is the only reason that America still reigns "Home of the Brave".
The Navajo People
The Navajo (or Dine), which means "The People" are located on the Navajo reservation, spanning more than 27,000 miles, at the four corners of
Arizona, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. The 2010 Census Brief reports

Adolf Hitler Rises to Power in Europe While the U.S....
The instability created in Europe by World War I set the stage for another international conflict World War II, which broke out two decades later and
proved to be even more devastating. Rising to power in an unstable country, Germany, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party had ambitions of world
domination. Hitler's invasion of Poland in September 1939 drove Great Britain and France to declare war on Germany, and World War II had begun.
Over the next six years, the conflict would take more lives and destroy more land and property around the globe than any previous war with estimated
45–60 million casualties (Stevenson). During World War II various codes were used by American soldiers to relay encrypted messages. The Axis
powers, however,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The use of the Navajo language to create a code during World War II was the idea of Philip Johnston, the son of William and Margaret Johnston who
were Protestant missionaries to the Navajo (Holm 71). Johnston was born and raised in the reservation; he was also the one of very few Americans
who could speak the Navajo language precisely (Aaseng 17). In February of 1942, Johnston was able to present the language to the commanders of the
Marine Corps and the idea impressed them, so that they allowed Johnston to start a Navajo Code Talker Test Program. Later in April, Johnston and the
Marine Corps commanders went to the reservation and recruited thirty men (Aaseng 23). The men that were recruited marked the start of the pilot
program. Of the first thirty men who joined the program, only twenty–nine completed it and went to help the war effort. The two men that had dropped
out were not qualified for service as code talkers for the Marine Corps (Paul 75). This group of the twenty–nine Navajo men came to be called the
"original twenty–nine." The Navajo men that were recruited often lacked birth certificates so it was impossible for the Marine Corps to verify ages,
but after the war it was discovered that some recruits were as young as fifteen and some were as old as thirty– five (Paul 14). Once the Navajo men
were given the task to create the code it was not an easy task. Each military word had to be given a code name and the code name had to be

Native American Code Talker Essay

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Native American Code Talker Essay