Professional Communication Cultural Sensitivity Essay

Professional Communication Cultural Sensitivity Essay
Professional Communication Cultural Sensitivity Guide Cultural competence can be defined as
using the ability of one's awareness, attitude, knowledge and skill to effectively interact with a
patient's many cultural differences. Madeline Leininger, a pioneer on transcultural nursing describes
it this way; "a formal area of study and practice focused on comparative human–care differences and
similarities of the beliefs, values and patterned lifeways of cultures to provide culturally congruent,
meaningful, and beneficial health care to people" (Barker, 2009, p. 498). The importance of cultural
diversity in healthcare allows for the delivery of appropriate cultural autonomy. Showing respect for
others will lead to trust between nurse and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Numbering roughly 250,000, the Navajo reservation covers approximately 25,000 square miles.
Window Rock located in the North Eastern part of Arizona is the capital of the Navajo Nation. As
one of the poorest regions in the country, isolation, culture, traditions, as well as economic status
affect the Navajo communities' wellbeing and healthcare. While the elderly Navajo population
grows about three percent a year, life expectancy is "73.7 years compared to 76 years for the general
population" (Mercer, 1996, p 184). Elderly Navajo members are revered due to their wisdom and
life experience. Other things that negatively affect the healthcare of the Navajo are little running
water or electricity, no phones, rough rugged terrain and most must drive more than one hour to a
facility that provides health care. The Navajo home or hogan entrance must face east to welcome the
sun for daily blessings. Made of tree bark, mud and wooden poles, the hogan is windowless. The
majority of the Navajo population has no indoor plumbing. Merely 38% of Navajo people actually
have electricity, heat and plumbing (McCauley, 2004, p. 47). Blending old with new, traditional and
modern Western medicine and treatment give the Navajo the best of both worlds culturally.
Medicine from the Navajo perspective is about healing people by restoring balance and harmony to
the spirit. Prayer as well as balance healing rituals like "Walking in Beauty" (O'Brien,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Navajo Tribe Research Paper
The Navajo Native Americans experienced multiple struggles throughout their tribe's history, mostly
surrounding the problems to do with the United States military and the Spaniards pushing them from
their territory. Although this was the fate of multiple tribes of Native Americans, the Navajo
struggled intensely to leave their homeland. The Navajo were a beautiful tribe with multiple
hardships. The Navajo tribe was formed sometime around the 1500s, and developed to become the
largest Native American tribe. The word Navajo comes from "Tewa Navahu", translating to mean
"highly cultivated lands" loosely. The Navajo first resided largely in New Mexican areas and
Arizona, however due to the violence against them from the Mexicans and Spaniards from the raids
on their camps, the Spaniards and United States military to intimidate the tribe. Around two–thirds
of the tribe surrendered and moved towards Utah on a trip that was later called ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Navajo had many ceremonies, some as long as nine days, which they were famous for. On
average though, ceremonies were around three to four days long ("Navajo Culture"). The Navajo
were hugely into nature, and used a type of art called 'Sandpainting' as a spiritual way to involve
nature with the healing of the ill, mentally or physically. Their ceremonies also included dry
paintings or altars, and every aspect of every day life is considered ceremonial. "The Navajo culture
used Sandpainting as a spiritual way to heal the sick. When they sandpainted, they made the
painting in a smooth bed of sand, which was only temporary. Crushed yellow ochre, red sandstone,
gypsum, and charcoal were used to create the images during their chants. The chants were for the
Earth people and the holy people to come back into harmony, which provides them protection and
healing." ("Navajo Indian Culture and

Navajo Indians Research Paper
The Navajo Indians have influenced the history and culture in Arizona in the 21st century. Through
the past and present the Navajo Indians have been around dated back to centuries before Christopher
Columbus landed in America. The Navajo were established in the Four Corners. The rich culture
that the Navajo have been creating is still current today and influenced our states' beauty. The
Navajo Indians have shaped our culture today in Arizona by their history and traditions. The Navajo
was given their name by the Tewa Indian tribe (Native American Indian Culture– Navajo, Apache,
and Hopi Indians). The Navajo name generally meaning "Takers of the field" (Native American
Indian Culture– Navajo, Apache, and Hopi Indians). Our farming techniques ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The Navajo Code Talkers has shaped our history and affected the enemy during World War II. The
Navajo Code Talkers are famous for their bravery and loyalty. The Navajo language was only
known by a few, but was used to "create a secret code to battle the Japanese's" (Discover). This
languages' purpose was to confuse and deceive our enemy, the Japanese in World War II. Many
people have said that the Navajo Code Talkers saved our nation, and helped us win World War II.
There are only 29 of the original Navajo Talkers, it is estimated that 40 to 70 are to be living today
(Last Surviving Original Code Talker, Chester Nez, Speaks During Northland College's Indigenous
Cultures Awareness Month). We are still not positive on who is alive because the government kept it
a secret for 23 years. Currently the Navajo Nation is one of the "largest federally recognized Indian
tribes in North America" (NN Agriculture). The Navajo people are very resourceful and taught us
farming techniques that help us prosper today. The Navajos "cultural uniqueness is recognized as the
core foundation for our sovereignty" (NN Agriculture). The Navajo people taught us that the
unlimited resourceful given to us by earth should be used to prosper and succeed. The Navajo
Nation is very rich in beauty, culture, and history. Many people are interested in the way of life the
Navajo have experienced. I hope we can continue to teach generations about how we are influenced
by their ways of life. We can learn many things from the Navajo Indians; they have shaped and
molded our culture in Arizona in the 21st

The New World
When the Europeans first arrived in the North American continents, they found hundreds of tribes
occupying a vast and rich land that was now called the new world. To what they had found in
amazement that such a land filled of resources and native people they found to be amazing. They
quickly started to recognized the wealth of the natural resources. What for they came her to find
gold soon turned out to be riches in another form of way. Which now they had an opportunity to
start a new life. However, they did not, so quick or willing to recognize the culture and the spiritual
way of the people and intellectual riches of the people they called Indians.
In the early nineteenth century, Navajos lived in what is now New Mexico in an area that was under
Spanish colonial rule. Navajos lived too far from the colonists, who were concentrated in the upper
Rio Grande Valley, to be subjected to the disruption of their lives that the Pueblos suffered at the
hands of the Spanish. At times the Navajos were allied with the Spanish against other Indians,
principally the Utes; other times the Spanish joined forces with the Utes and fought the Navajos. For
the Navajos, the most important by–product of Spanish colonization in New Mexico was the
introduction of horses and sheep; the smooth, long–staple, non–oily wool of the Spanish churro
sheep would prove ideal for weaving. When the United States claimed that it had acquired an
interest in Navajo land by having won a war with Mexico in 1848,

Navajo Language Essay
Our Navajo Language The Navajo Language is used in many forms within the Navajo peoples
cultural system. It is yet a unique response to listen to the youth speak the Dine' language we call
Dine' Bizaad. As these young children grow into adolescence, they would later understand the
meaning of the Corn Pollen Way of Life; in a traditional sense. Our elders teach the adults to teach
younger generation (the children) to get up early every morning, to pray. Within our belief in order
to receive the good things and a positive mindset for life, you have to pray and met your prayers
half–way. No matter the struggles, through our language we become stronger and ... Show more
In Navajo philosophy , the concept of peace is culture dependent and also situation dependent. I
want to advertise the definition of peace within the Navajo Language that has three elements:
Ach'i'hozho (all is well toward oneself), K'e (the establishment of family and clan relationships),
Hodeezyeel (serenity or calm). Ach'i'hozho, K'e, Hodeezyeel are what a person is to strive for on a
daily basis, where the process involves a balancing of kindness and empathy on one hand and
teachings on the other. Ach'i'hozho means a gift from elders; relates to a person's inner peace, self–
identity, which is inherited at birth. Navajo culture is being stressed to the youth and it is needed to
be mention, the four parts of a person's self identity and how it is a reflection of who and what a
person is to be. The four are one's form, clan, language, and shadow. This all comes into one
because when a child is first born; traditionally the mother greets her little one by telling the baby its
maternal clan followed by the paternal clan. "Clan" affiliation presents a person with their initial
history. It gives a person a sense of belonging by informing them of who is related to them. The
"language" one speaks is a testimony of the speaker's background, therefore the language one uses
when interacting with others is a reflection of his/her demeanor. A person's words go a long way in
maintaining or destroying

The West Side Of The Mississippi River Essay
Upon the arrival to the North America continent the majority of the European settlers stood close
towards the Eastern waters. Decades would pass for an idea to spark for the attempt to discover the
West side of the Mississippi River. Two Native American tribes dominated the West, however in
completely different geographical regions. Both the Chinook and Navajo tribe resided in the
Western part of North America, the Chinook had a different ideology and society structure then the
Southwestern Navajo tribe. The story of life can be described as the notorious Adam and Eve
chapter, yet Native Americans would disclose a different tail. The creation on how the world was
shaped and formed many societies have a different logic and beliefs. The Northwest region of
America is the home to a tribe called the Chinook. The prelude begins of a man who originally fell
from the sky and shortly after discovered a woman from the ground according to the First People
(n.d) "The first men of the tribe came from the sky because they were the offspring of Thunderbird.
The men then found and plucked women from the valley floor. This was the first Chinook tribe.".
The men would pull out women from rocks and it gave the shape of a woman. Original stories told
by the Chinook tribe who lived in what is now Oregon and Washington state have completely
different views on how life, men and women were created. Where down south the Navajos have a
different point of view. The Navajos believed in multiple

World War II: The Navajo Language
A large portion of America's victory in World War II is owed to the Navajo Indians, because of their
use of code talking. The previous codes used by the United States were either able to be decoded by
enemies or they required strenuous coding and decoding on both sides. The Navajo's language
proved to be a tremendously great tool that aided The United States in World War II because it could
be decoded quickly, contrary to other coding systems, and because it provided a secure way of
communicating, that very few, even on the American side could understand. In 1942, a white man
(described by the Indians as Anglo), named Philip Johnson who had grown up on a Navajo
reservation and fluently spoke the Navajo language was concerned about the security ... Show more
Jevec, "Semper Fidelis, Code Talkers") At Camp Elliot, the Navajo language was refined and
encoded to ensure security by the initial recruits and communications personnel. This was the first
Navajo code, and it consisted 211 words that were to be used to communicate in combat. Some of
the words in the vocabulary were words such as: Be–al–doh–tso–lani, that directly translated to
Many Big Guns, which was understood as Artillery, and Ni–ma–si, that directly translated to
potatoes, which was understood as hand grenades. If there was a word that needed to be relayed that
was not in the vocabulary, it was spelled out using the translated corresponding word for the abc's.
For instance, the letter A was pronounced Wol–la–chee, which translated to ant, or the letter J was
pronounced Tkele–cho–gi, which translated to Jackass. The first Navajo Code proved to be
inadequate, and many words were being spelled out. T. Holm states "They expanded the code to
include terms for various countries. Eventually the code contained a vocabulary of 411 terms."
(Code Talkers and Warriors Native Americans and World War II, 78) Those who encoded, decoded,
and translated messages regularly became exceptionally good and efficient and encoding, sending,
receiving, decoding, and translating messages. In total, 421 Navajo Indians had finished wartime
training at Camp Pendleton's code talker school, and they were all capable of communicating in the
newly coded Navajo

The Navajo Tribe was a very interesting tribe. They had many things on their camp. The tribe also
had a very well set up government and a strict set of rules. They had everything set up kind of like
we have our society today. Starting with their social organization. Then to their language being
completely different from ours both spoken and written. Their government was set up like todays is.
Their religion was the only thing completely different in many many ways. The navajo tribe didn't
have much of a political system of authority except for kinship. During the preservation period in
their time the population was divided into "localized bands". All the bands had their own recognized
leader. Even Though they did not have any "coercive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All members of a family or a "clan" are responsible for all actions. "Remaining the good family"
was very important to the whole Navajo tribe. Then to the people who were considered "bad people"
were accused of witchcraft, and were considered public enemies. Being the " bad people" was very
frowned on by the Navajo People. Then there is the Navajo language. The Navajo language was
called "linguistic sketch". Linguistic sketch was found in used in 33 different places. These places
consisted of "Affricates and Fricatives". Length phonemic in the Navajo language is where vowles
would appear short or long sometimes even longer. They also have had syllables that would either
be high or low. Even some lng or short this would often cause the falling and rising tone in the long
syllables. The rising tone was marked in the language as orthography by an ancient syllables.
Next I am going to talk about their form of government. Their form of government was called
ya'ta'eeh. Ya'ta'eeh was made up to help the navajo council make necessary and accountable rules
and actions. They made these rules to better their nation. They made the rules comprehensive and
planned them out perfectly to be understood by all

The Navajo Code Talkers Essay
The Navajo Code Talkers
During the Pacific portion of World War II, increasingly frequent instances of broken codes plagued
the United States Marine Corps. Because the Japanese had become adept code breakers, at one point
a code based on a mathematical algorithm could not be considered secure for more than 24 hours.
Desperate for an answer to the apparent problem, the Marines decided to implement a non–
mathematical code; they turned to Philip Johnston's concept of using a coded Navajo language for
transmissions.
Although this idea had been successfully implemented during World War I using the Choctaw
Indian's language, history generally credits Philip Johnston for the idea to use Navajos to transmit
code ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally, the Japanese could not imitate the code. Consequently, there was never fear that the
Marines might receive fake communications. The services these Code Talkers provided not only
saved many lives, but, according to some, actually had a huge effect on the outcome of many battles.
Maj. Gen. Robert Magnus, commander of Marine Corps Air Bases, claimed "there was a dramatic
reduction in Marine casualties" due to the usage of the Code Talkers (qtd. in Bond 3). In fact,
Sharon Bond, a writer for the St. Petersburg Times, recently declared that, "On Iwa Jima... the
Marines could not have taken the island without [the Code Talkers]" (Bond 3).
Sadly enough, the Navajos returned home after these successes unable to tell their stories or receive
recognition for their efforts because the government had classified the work Top Secret. It was not
until 1969 that the Code Talkers received some public recognition for their achievements. But, for
nearly the next twenty years, very little was known about them. In the 1980's, though, a strong
public appeal to decorate the Code Talkers for their World War II work resulted in President Reagan
declaring August 14th National Code Talker Day (Shaffer 2). Even considering this national honor,
the debate still continues over whether the

Ned's Argumentative Essay
From the time Ned enters boarding school, to his time as a code talker, tradition plays an imperative
role in the narrative. At first, Navajo traditions and language are virtually beaten out of students in
boarding school. A wooden sign at the entrance of the school reads, "Tradition is the enemy of
progress" (Bruchac, p.23). At school, the children were told not to even speak their language, and if
they were caught, they were punished ruthlessly. As Ned put it, "Anything that belonged to the
Navajo way was bad, and our Navajo language was the worst." (Bruchac, p.23) As Ned goes into
high school, the culture of the Navajos is still strongly dissuaded, though not as much as in prior
years of boarding school. In one instance, Ned says something in Navajo and is heard by a teacher,
and is forced to sit in front of the rest of his class wearing a dunce hat. Since he was painstakingly
embarrassed by the experience, he is not caught speaking his native language for the duration of
high school. Even though some of the students want to keep hold of their Navajo roots and culture,
they all seem to end up thoughtlessly absorbing white culture. Little did they know that one aspect
of their culture would become extremely imperative in the years to come. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
At one time when Ned was at home on the reservation, a Marine recruiter came to recruit the men
on the men to join the Marines. The Marines were recruiting Navajos specifically. At first, no one
knew why. The first twenty nine shortly found out they were needed for a "special purpose". They
were not aware at the time, but they were eventually going to become code

Navajo Code Talkers Essay
"The code talkers were sworn to secrecy, an oath they kept and honored," (new mexico senator Jeff
Bingaman) The Navajo "code talkers" helped us win many wars there language was made into a
military code which saved many lives. They are a tribe that was in america for years. The military
asked for them after years of not letting the Navajo tribe get involved. There are many legends in the
Navajo for example, the creator is a legend of the creation of the Navajo. The mythology is the
creation story it involves the first world, the second world, the third world, and several other things.
The stories are passed down generation to generation they did not write down the history it is
spoken to them.The traditions of the Navajo tribe are thing like ceremonies for illnesses and deaths.
The ceremonies last at least two days it includes chanting, prayer,and song. The Navajo houses are
hogans which are made of wooden poles, mud, and tree bark. The women wore a simple two piece
apron and the men wore breechcloths. In winter they wore animal skin to keep warm, or woven
yucca,which is a shrub that has a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The code was unbreakable only the people who knew how to speak the code understood it. They
used words from the language then the translation was different from the military words. For
example the english word for gini is really chickenhawk, but for the military cade it means dive
bomber. There are several other codes to like the army alphabet code its where they take the first
letter of each word to make a different word or phrase. For example Alpha Romeo Mike Yankee
Alpha lima papa hotel alpha bravo echo tango. Which means army alphabet. The number code is
sorta as the alphabet code they don't change the words for the letter very much for example 1 is wun
and 2 is too.

An Efficient Way Transmit Codes
Throughout time the need for an efficient way transmit codes were essential to success, after World
War I and into the start of World War II American forces was running out of ideas for codes. The
USA had always used the white's soldiers for the code talkers because there were easy to train, and a
abundance of them to choose making them the practice choose for code talkers. Until Philip
Johnston, he was an initiator that worked for a Marine Corps ' program. As a kid and into his teens
he grew up on a Navajo reservation and his dad was a missionary. Whit all the time that Johnston
spent of the reservation he became familiar with the people and their language. With the use of the
Navajos it grained equality for Native Americans which was not found in the late 1800's, and soon it
gained them a greater respect by the whites into today's age. In the late 1800's Indians were seen
through the eyes of the settlers as pests, people who occupy the land that rightfully belonged to the
whites. They were thought of as savages. However this was not true, the Navajo Indians and many
other tribes were only willing to fight for their land, families and the property that they have
inhabited for hundreds of years (Robert A. Roessel, 1). In this time of lack of control, Navajos were
overpowered by Americans who were in position of authority and control. This is because
Americans lacked the understanding of the Navajo way, leading to be fatal for many as they were
being transferred, resigned,

Essay on Navajo Code Talkers in WW2
Navajo Code Talkers: Unknown Heroes
Seldom has it ever occurred that heroes to our country, let alone in general, have had to wait decades
for proper acknowledgement for their heroic deeds. This is not the case for the Navajo Code Talkers.
These brave souls had to wait a total of six decades to be acknowledged for their contributions to the
United States and the Allied Forces of WWII. The code talkers were an influential piece to the
success of the United States forces in the Pacific. Thus had it not been for the Native Americans that
volunteered to be code talkers, there might not have been such a drastic turn around in the fighting
of the Pacific Theatre. Prior to the use of the Navajo language as code there had only been one other
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The key to this code was that it was entirely oral, nothing was ever written down. Thus the entire
code had to be memorized which would not prove to be too difficult since it was Native Navajos
speaking their own language. Some translations were rather simple bombs for example reminded the
code talkers of eggs so they used their word for eggs chosea–ye–shi. The native word for frog; chal
was used as code for an amphibious assault. "A bomber plane now was jeeshoo (buzzard), a
submarine beeshloo (iron fish), and a battleship was lootsoh (whale). Britain became Tota (between
the waters), India Ee (white clothes), and Germany Beeshbich aahi (iron hat). Each letter of the
alphabet underwent a similar transformation. In the code wolachii (ant) stood for ‘a', shash (bear)
for ‘b' and mosi (cat) for ‘c'" (Diné). On a more comedic note "Descriptive Navajo names for
enemies and enemy leaders were coined. Adolf Hitler was Daghailchiih (Moustache Smeller)."
("Coded Contributions" History Today, Jul 91) It is ironic that the very language white Americans
and settlers and missionaries have been urging and forcing the Navajos to stop using since their
arrival would be need by the "whites" in order to be successful. Perhaps more ironic was that it was
the son of a protestant missionary that came up with a proposal for the idea. This man was named
Philip Johnston. He had grown up on a Navajo reservation in New Mexico. "His proposal reached
the

Navajo Code Talkers And American Indians In The United...
Research Simulation Task
The excerpts from Navajo Code Talkers, and "What's So Special About Secret Codes?" and the
article "American Indians in the United States Army," all have similarities and differences in the
author's purpose. The excerpt from Navajo Code Talkers mainly focuses on what Native Americans
had to do to become a code breaker, while the article "American Indians in the United States Army,"
explains the effects of the code in the war. Finally, the excerpt from "What's So Special About Secret
Codes?" doesn't even mention the Navajo Code Talkers at all, it explains the history of codes and
gives examples from throughout history. In the excerpt from Navajo Code Talkers, the author's
purpose is to describe the steps the U.S. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both Navajo Code Talkers and "American Indians in the United States Army," are about the Navajo
code talkers. However, Navajo Code Talkers focuses on the training these Native Americans went
through, along with how the code was created. The article "American Indians in the United States
Army," explains how the code was used during the war. The final excerpt, "What's So Special About
Secret Codes?" does not even give the example of the Navajo code talkers at all. Instead, it gives
different examples of codes that were used throughout history. Finally, all the texts explain that
codes are very important, while it be in a general sense, like in the excerpt from "What's So Special
About Secret Codes?" or in a specific way, like how the success in many of the wars the U.S. was
part of depended on the Navajo code

What's Special About Secret Codes Summary
Imagine having to use a unique code to relay an urgent message that could save the lives of
hundreds soldiers. Well in the passages Navajo Code Talkers, "American Indians in the United
States Army", and "What's So Special About Secret Codes?" all talk about codes. The author's
purposes are all to inform us but each of them are informing us on slightly different time frame and
topics.. To begin with Navajo Code Talkers by Andrew Santella covers around the year of 1942 and
goes into depth about the Navajos training and the translation of the Navajo code. For example
"...the training course so difficult that it will turn new recruits into disciplined Marines who are
ready for anything." When the Navajos first got to the Marine camp they had to go through the
difficult training but they completed the fitness tests with ease. Although that was only the
beginning of what the Navajos had to do before they could get even close to being aloud on the
field. "...They received training in radio communications and basic electronics." After finishing the
boot camp training the author goes on to explain how the Navajos had to learn everything to do with
these radios. When they learned how to use these radios ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example "In the 400s BCE, a man named Demaratus wrote an urgent message on a tablet and
then covered it with wax." That was the first example the author gave and it shows how long ago
people had started using codes or started hiding messages. Another example the author gave was
"Around 2,000 years ago, the Chinese wrote secret messages on hard–boiled eggs." Another way for
people to hide messages without getting caught and possibly harmed. The author purpose in writing
this passage seems like it was to inform us about how long people have been using secret codes and
how they have been doing

Code Talker Book Report
If you were a Navajo boy, forced out of your own culture and made to live in the brutal world of
white man's racial standards; could you survive that reality? The book code talker, written by Joseph
Bruchac, biased on the historically fictionalized story of Neds Begay's life. Ned as a child, is herded
into the extremely deprecative atmosphere, of boarding school. Ned, eventually goes on to fight for
the same country that implemented him into the hardship he was forced to endure; at the same time
making friends that would be so loyal as to sacrifice themselves for him. Ned's friends talked to
cheer each other up and be were always there for Ned or anyone else if things got tough for them.
They would laugh, talk and overall have such a strong connection with each other that even if it was
for a second Ned would forget ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For Ned, the thought of his family only made him fight harder. They were extremely supportive of
his decision to go to war. They knew he couldn't be stopped, but his parents instigated the rule that
Ned may only be of the correct age to join the military. Ned respected their request and when he
came of age was shipped out. During war Ned would often catch himself thinking about them and
the he received telling him to hurry home only made it harder for him. Letters saying, "Dear son we
pray for your quick return home." He fought harder so as to haisen his return home. Through all the
love and support he felt was converted into strength, strength he used to fight for his loved ones.
Ned would use the compassion he felt and use it as a tool, a tool to destroy his enemies, and it was
quite a powerful tool. At time he would stare at the stars and it would take him back home, to the
hills, the rivers and his loving friends and family and all the support of his tribe. Ned believed that
his survival was due to his ancestors watching over him during his his times of hardships and

The Navajo Tribe : The History Of The Navajo Tribe
The Navajo Tribe:
Throughout history, the Navajo tribe hasn't always been what it is today. Although the Navajos first
location of existence is not well known, they're one of the most studied Native American
tribes.Their culture was affected by relocation of environment, wars between the Spaniards and the
U.S. Government, and more. Even though most people would think in today's world, Navajos don't
exist anymore, they have a population of 250,000. Located in the states of Utah, Arizona and New
Mexico, the Navajo nation covers 27,000 miles of land. Even through wars, The treaty between the
United States and the Navajos, and the colonization of Christopher Columbus, the tribe has been
able to maintain what they can from their culture throughout the years.
To begin with, according to " A History of The Navajos" by Garrick and Roberta Glenn Bailey, "
The term 'Navajo' did not appear in the spanish records until 1626, when Fray de Zárate Salmerón
noted the presence of the "Apache Indians of Nabajú," a group occupying the Chama Valley and a
portion of the San Juan Basin in northwestern New Mexico". Furthermore, Navajo is the name of
their language which is also known as "diné Bizaad" and this tribe also likes to call themselves dine
or the people. An article in navajo people.org, states that " Navajo is a language of the Apachean
subgroup of the Athabaskan branch of the Na–Dené language family, along with Apache. The
Athabaskan language family includes approximately 44 different

The word Navajo means highly cultivated lands. The Navajo tribes began in the 1500s. They
survived by trading maize and woven items for bison meat and weapons ("Navajo Indians"). The
Navajos are the largest of all Native American tribes. They live on the largest reservation in the
United States in the Four Corners area ("The Navajo Tribe"). They lived in small, simple homes
made of sticks and bark. Eventually they built the homes out of stones and adobe. They designed
their homes so the doors would face the east, causing the sun to shine in. These homes are called
hogans.
When the Spanish came, the Navajos used the wool from sheep for their clothes. They would also
use the meat of the sheep for food. They did not immediately eat ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This expressed the need for government ("History"). In 1991, the Navajo governmental system was
remodeled after the American government It still contains many important elements of Navajo
culture. They have three branches of government like the United States. The Navajo Nation is
divided into Chapter Houses. Delegates come together in a central council and vote on decisions
(Gilio–Whitaker). The Navajo government had become the largest and most sophisticated of the
American Indian governments ("History"). The Navajos continue to speak traditionally in their
Navajo language. This shows how they maintain tradition while continuing with progress. The
Navajo Indians played a crucial role in World War II. Navajo Code Talkers were used for military
communication. The Japanese could not decode the Navajo language. The Navajo Code Talkers
participated in every assault that the United States conducted in the Pacific ("History"). They sent
messages via telephone and radio. This is considered a main factor in the victory of the Allies. Very
few Navajo code talkers are still alive today

The Native American Movement In Chester Nez's Code Talker
In Code Talker, the response of the Navajo men to the call for young men to become soldiers was
one filled with eagerness and prideful intent. One thing that stood out to me in particular was when
Nez claimed that many men even lied about their age just so they could meet the requirements to be
considered. The weight of this is huge because this was a tribe that had undoubtedly been moved
and bullied by the white men and even had their children sent to white boarding schools to become
"Americanized," and yet they still felt the desire to fight for America as their own country. Similar to
the African American movement with W.E.B. Dubois, the native tribe saw war as a chance to show
their value, and they did. The change we see in Chester Nez throughout the events of the war is he
went from hating the thought to boarding school to eventually being very grateful that he had gone,
because if he hadn't, he would not have learned english or been able to help create the secret code.
With this in mind and the before and after pictures in the source packets, the change in Native
Americans in general is that they kept their traditions, but they also allowed Americanization to take
place in a balance. This is the reason that Chester Nez did not move back to his tribal land after the
war, but looked for a job and home in a suburban area. In instances like this one, or even instances
like the report of the Santella family by Manuel Gamio, we see that in order for diversity to be

Navajo Code Talkers Research Paper
In 1997, a group of Indian Code Talkers were communicating between radio during war time
communications. These codes were created by Native Americans, also the Choctaw language was
used during these wars to create secret messages. The United States used these codes because they
believed it would secure any messages that they send. Navajo Code Talkers had many advantages in
WWII because it saved millions of lives due to their ability to communicate with one another. Since
the United States had this code, it gave them an advantage against their enemies. What caused the
event? The Navajo Code Talkers became a necessity for the military because they were able to
create a code that no one can decipher except for them. The idea came from Philip Johnston because
he was a missionary to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Johnston was a World War I veteran, and he knew that the military was searching for a code. As
stated by the Naval History and Heritage Command, "Johnston believed Navajo answered the
military requirement for an indecipherable code because Navajo is an unwritten language of extreme
complexity. Its syntax and tonal qualities, not to mention dialects, make it unintelligible to anyone
without extensive exposure and training" (2016). This code does not include alphabet, symbols, and
is spoken only on the Navajo lands. When the war was happening in the United States, they became
vulnerable to Japanese intelligence specialists as stated by Nadra Nittle, "They used their English–
speaking soldiers to intercept the messages issued by the U.S. military. Each time the military
devised a code, Japanese intelligence experts deciphered it" (2017). The United States wanted to
have something derived for themselves without anyone

Navajo Code Talkers Case Study
What battles did the code talkers help in? How did the talkers understand each other among all the
confusion? What made the code so unbreakable no one could figure out what the code meant? The
Navajo Code Talkers were an elite group of Navajos who had to create a code that was unbreakable.
The Code Talkers had to understand each other perfectly. The talkers did this by meeting in a room
for a really long time to make the code. When the Navajos made the code the coders named certain
vehicles after animals. For example the Navajos named submarines "iron fish". Everyone was
trained and quizzed so hard so that the coders could send and receive messages perfectly. Once there
was a 6 hour period where the Navajos sent and received more than 800 messages perfectly. ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of those major battles was Okinawa. The code Talkers also led in Iwo Jima as they had to relay
enemy positions to the ships so they could focus their fire. At one point in the war, the Allies were
leading an island hopping campaign in the Pacific. When the Allies had to go from island to island,
the Navajos had to transmit codes perfectly to each other to make the campaign successful. Captain
Howard Connor even said, "Were it not for the Navajo Code Talkers, the Marines would have never
taken Iwo Jima." The Navajo Code was very complicated making it hard to understand for the
Japanese. The Code Talkers had 2–3 different words for each letter. When the Navajos named a
vehicle that vehicle was named with an animal with a certain characteristic. For instance they called
dive bombers "Gini", which means Chicken Hawk, because Chicken Hawks dive. The Japanese had
already studied Native American languages such as Cherokee, Creek, and Choctaw, as well as many
others. In World War I we used those languages but after the war the Japs learned about them so
that's why the U.S. decided to use the

American History Retells World War II
American history retells World War II (WWII) stories about heroes, and their contribution to the
success in ending the conflict between Japan and the United States (U.S.). The U.S. Military's
attempt to seize key islands in the South Pacific seem futile as Japanese Imperial Intelligence Teams
(JIIT) monitored U.S. communications systems. Messages intercepted by the JITT compromised
U.S. Military synchronization activities, putting their efforts and the lives of American Soldier's at
risk. The Navajo Code Talker program is the U.S. Marine Corps' solution to secure communications.
World War I (WWI) introduced the concept of securing lines of communication with a foreign
language not used by both sides during the war. Innovative combat Commanders utilized Native
Americans and their language within their ranks to send secure message. These Native transmissions
had flaws. The messages transmitted in the native language did not have a coded format. Military
terms for rank, weapons, and vehicles also did not exist in the Native vocabulary. At the conclusion
of WWI, the Germans identified the Native American tribes by their language used during the war,
exploiting and deterring any further similar attempts to secure messages. The U.S. Military ceased
further improvements into the augmentation of native languages and radio communication.
The U.S. Military, struggling with a communication disadvantage in the early stages of WWII
proposed to employ Native Americans and their language

Code Talker, By Joseph Bruchac
It became a point in time, where enlisting in World War II, was the mentality of providing a unique
opportunity. During this time, segregation was running the United States and ultimately whites ran
the show. Many white teachers made others feel useless and inferior to others. The American society
was in a transition period of cultural expansion. Whites felt the need to require patience, tact, and a
high tolerance for injustice. For Navajo Indian Ned Begay, he wanted to make a difference and
prove them wrong. Ned was intelligent and interested in learning and doing well in school. As a
high school sophomore, recruiters came and appointed him for a special mission to learn and break
the unbreakable code that was based on the Navajo language. This book "Code talker: A Novel
about the Navajo Marines of World War Two", by Joseph Bruchac, symbolizes the grueling journey
of being a crucial part of the United States during World War Two. The deeply affecting novel
honors all the young men, like Ned, who dared to serve for the opportunity to save countless
American lives. "The lives of many men depended entirely on our memories" (1 Bruchac). An
honorable group of men who took their culture and language of the Navajo Indians to break the
unbreakable code against Japan. The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7th, 1941 and it
shocked the world. The Japanese became complex and adapted to breaking into codes from other
countries. The Americans knew they needed

Adolf Hitler Rises to Power in Europe While the U.S....
The instability created in Europe by World War I set the stage for another international conflict
World War II, which broke out two decades later and proved to be even more devastating. Rising to
power in an unstable country, Germany, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party had ambitions of world
domination. Hitler's invasion of Poland in September 1939 drove Great Britain and France to
declare war on Germany, and World War II had begun. Over the next six years, the conflict would
take more lives and destroy more land and property around the globe than any previous war with
estimated 45–60 million casualties (Stevenson). During World War II various codes were used by
American soldiers to relay encrypted messages. The Axis powers, however, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The use of the Navajo language to create a code during World War II was the idea of Philip
Johnston, the son of William and Margaret Johnston who were Protestant missionaries to the Navajo
(Holm 71). Johnston was born and raised in the reservation; he was also the one of very few
Americans who could speak the Navajo language precisely (Aaseng 17). In February of 1942,
Johnston was able to present the language to the commanders of the Marine Corps and the idea
impressed them, so that they allowed Johnston to start a Navajo Code Talker Test Program. Later in
April, Johnston and the Marine Corps commanders went to the reservation and recruited thirty men
(Aaseng 23). The men that were recruited marked the start of the pilot program. Of the first thirty
men who joined the program, only twenty–nine completed it and went to help the war effort. The
two men that had dropped out were not qualified for service as code talkers for the Marine Corps
(Paul 75). This group of the twenty–nine Navajo men came to be called the "original twenty–nine."
The Navajo men that were recruited often lacked birth certificates so it was impossible for the
Marine Corps to verify ages, but after the war it was discovered that some recruits were as young as
fifteen and some were as old as thirty– five (Paul 14). Once the Navajo men were given the task to
create the code it was not an easy task. Each military word had to be given a code name and the
code name had to be

Native American Civilization
the Native culture. Some may argue that it was for the purpose of creating civilized people out of
Native Americans, but, who said they weren't civilized in the first place? Native Americans were
suffering after being removed from their reservations into the boarding schools, and their overall
goal of destructing the Native culture. First, boarding schools were highly affecting the Natives as
they were deadly infections like Tuberculosis and the flu, which caused many deaths. As well as
being physiological affected, they were physically affected like the diseases, causing many deaths
among them. The Carlisle boarding school had nearly 200 children dead and buried between 1879
and 1918, as that kept on happening Pratt decided to request "healthy children" from the Indian
reservations to the school. The cleaning conditions during this time were not the best and with the
percentage of 74% of circulating viruses that shows that children are more likely to die from any
bacteria causing disease than any other age group, so it was more probable for children to die from
these causes, causing them death, and even worse not changing at all. The way boarding schools
were in the sanitary conditions, remained the same all through the end of the off–reservation schools
that were created. Interviews were made explaining how there were people informing what they
went through or sharing their testimony. A woman was interviewed, she was one of the girls that
shared a dorm with a

The Native American Experience: Through The Eyes of...
Code
"What I'm about to tell you, Corporal, cannot leave this room. Under no circumstances can you
allow your code talker to fall into enemy hands. Your mission is to protect the code... at all cost." In
the movie, Windtalkers, this is how a commander wants his marine to treat the paired Navajo code
talker. That is, if it's necessary, his marine could kill the Navajo, just like abandoning one of his
properties. Even in the mid 1900s, the Native Americans were still treated not as human beings, but
rather, machines; therefore, it is not hard for us to imagine how even more frightening the Native
Americans' circumstances were in the early days when they were first colonized by the western
settlers. In Deborah Miranda's "Indian ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is also this depressing lost of Native Americans' culture that has motivated them to never stop
trying to return home. However, in the memory of the speaker's dad, these Native Americans were
just "swollen bellies of salmon coming back to a river that wasn't there" (CR 123). Salmon have the
nature of returning back to the place, where they were born in, to reproduce. Comparing the Native
Americans to salmon, the author identifies the importance of their land to their nature. That is,
losing the land is the same as losing their reproduction. Therefore, taking the land away for the
modern developments, the western culture has ultimately become the nightmare for the Native
Americans.
Similar to Deborah, in "Itch Like Crazy: Resistance", Wendy also uses mother–child metaphors to
deliver the ultimate relationship between the people and their land that the land gives birth to the
Native Americans. When the speaker in the poem refers to the place, namely the "Turtle", where the
history of colonization has happened to the Native Americans, she identifies this area as "my
mother, the stones, channels of water, / blood of her veins, every place a place where history
walked" (CR 125). Comparing the land to the "mother", Wendy suggests that the perspective of the
Native Americans toward their land is very different than how

Navajo : A Southern Athabaskan Language
Navajo is a Southern Athabaskan language of the Na–Dene family; it has similarities and is related
to spoken languages across the western areas of North America. The Navajo refer to themselves as
the Diné or "People" and their language is known as Diné bizaad or "People's language". The
earliest recorded history appears to between the years 1581–1583 when the Spanish made their first
contact with the Navajos. Nearly 200 years later the Navajo were able to drive the Spanish settles
from the Eastern regions off their land. 30 years after that in 1805, Spanish soldiers returned with a
vengeance and killed more than 100 Navajo women, children and elders hiding in a cave; this
tragedy is known as the Massacre at Canyon de Chelly. Nowadays, the Navajo language is
predominately spoken in the Southwestern United States and currently the majority of the language
is being used in the Navajo Nation political area. Navajo is one of the most widely spoken Native
American languages and according to an article titled, "Navajo (Diné bizaad)" in 2011 it was
estimated that there were nearly 170,000 Americans speaking Navajo. Though the number of
speakers may seem large, the language has had difficulties keeping a healthy speaker base. This was
caused by an aggressive effort made on the part of the public and mission schools on the western
reservations, which taught young Native American students English. As referenced in Language,
Culture and Society school administrators used such

The American Indian War : The War Of 1812 And An Airline...
The Review of History On September 11, 2001 the world watched as the lives of many regardless of
age, race, gender, and ethnicity changed as we witnessed a terror attack unfold on our homeland, the
United States of America. The graphic images of the twin towers collapsing and an airline jet plan
crashing into the Pentagon portrayed an image of what the American Indian's must have seen as the
Unites States Government (USG) made advances on their ancestral lands, threatening their very
livelihood. As a direct result of conflicts with the USG, American Indians were relocated on
reservations, where they suffered poverty, racism, and termination of their culture, traditions, and
language. Despite their tragic history, the American Indian Soldiers has made countless
contributions to the freedoms of this great nation. The American Indian's service to the United States
Armed Forces (USAF) is dated back to the American Revolution, the War of 1812, and every major
conflict recorded in American history, to the current war against terrorism. Even though congress
marked the American Indians for abolishment at one point in American history, the use of the
Navajo language during World War II is the only reason that America still reigns "Home of the
Brave".
The Navajo People
The Navajo (or Dine), which means "The People" are located on the Navajo reservation, spanning
more than 27,000 miles, at the four corners of Arizona, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. The 2010
Census Brief reports

Code Talkers Essay
In this precursor research paper, I will conduct a study of the code talkers from WWII. The purpose
of this study is to remind other colleagues the significance of the Navajos throughout World War II.
I will use the following articles for my research, World War II Time Line (Nationalgeographic.com),
Semper Fidelis, Code talkers (Adam Jevec), Memorandum Regarding The Enlistment of Navajo
(archives.gov), Navajo Code Talkers And World War II 1943 (recordsofrights.org), and lastly the
Unbreakable: Remembering the Code Talkers (Hilary Parkinson). The main idea of my paper would
be an insight look on who the code talkers were. Whose idea was it to form this group? What role
did the Navajos play in World War II, and why the Navajos? The first article that stood out to me
was Semper Fidelis, Code Talkers (Adam Jevec). The article mentions the history of code talkers,
the reason why they were created, and the goal that they achieved. The ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In other words, without the Navajos, we wouldn't have been able to defeat the Japanese after they
had bomb Pearl Harbor. The second article, Memorandum Regarding The Enlistment of Navajo
(archives.org) states, "Philip Johnston was the initiator of the Marine Corps' program to enlist and
train the Navajos as messengers. Although Johnston was not a Navajo, he grew up on a Navajo
reservation as the son of a missionary and became familiar with the people and their language." This
quote illustrated us, who exactly came up with the idea of the code talkers. Furthermore, Phillip
Johnston was the mastermind of code talkers, even though he didn't speak the

Native American Code Talker Essay
A. Plan of the Investigation This investigation evaluates to what extent did the Navajo code talkers
aid the American military during WWII? In order to assess the extent to which these soldiers
assisted the American military during WWII, this investigation focuses on their involvement in
transmitting military messages in their native tongue, and the events surrounding these
transmissions. In addition, the contribution of other Native American code talkers is considered and
compared to that of the Navajos specifically within the investigation. B. Summary of Evidence
Native American code transmission began in World War I, with the Choctaw Indians (Meadows,
"Honoring"). "Because the Native languages were not based on European languages or ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, in response to the 800 flawless messages transmitted by Navajos at Iwo Jima, Major
Howard Connor– who was the signal officer of the Navajos at Iwo Jima– said, "Were it not for the
Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima" ("Navajo– Unbreakable Code"). The third
Amphibious Corps was thought to have been the ones to report that, during Guam and other
missions, the Navajo were "considered indispensable for the rapid transmission of classified
dispatches" (Paul, 69). Besides transmitting vital information, the Code Talkers sometimes
transmitted "dummy" messages (Takaki, 52). These false messages drove the enemy crazy, trying to
decipher them, but getting nowhere (Takaki, 52). Meadows even puts forth the idea that if the
Navajo and Comanche Indian communication units had been expanded, the war may have even
been shortened (Meadows, "Comanche", 50). As stated by Campbell, "In the year 2000, Federal
legislation was enacted to award Congressional Gold Medals to the Navajo code talkers for their
contribution to America's victory over the Japanese Empire in World War II" (qtd. in "Hearing").
According to Tim Johnson, "There is no doubt that the bravery and the courage of the Navajo code
talkers helped to make the United States the free and proud place it is today" (qtd. In "Hearing"). To
an extreme extent,

Similarities Between Public Speaking And Navajo Language
I have always been able to accomplish things to the best of my abilities. in the company of this
approach, I am pleased to state I have always been successful with my academics. Nevertheless, do
not assume I have constantly encountered academic subjects with ease. There are two topics I have
struggled with. The two subjects–public speaking and Navajo language– have posed a few
challenges for me. In my uprising, I was an extremely timid and prudent child. Although I was
social–able amongst my peers and friends, whenever I heard the teacher announce the class was
going to present in front of the class, I became washed with anxiety. Although I was familiar with
pretty much every person in the classroom, my voice shook as I would try to talk. The factors
contributing to my apprehension in public speaking are my lack of outgoing–ness. Because I was so
shy, I did not communicate and was not as open to my surroundings. I mainly kept to my friends,
my family, and myself. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In my earlier years, I was practically fluent. But after enrolling in school and having to learn the
English language and literature, my Navajo vocabulary began diminishing. Now, when my
grandmother, or another elder, try talking to me in the native language, I only understand a few
words. I believe that my challenges in this subject are not only due to my lack of interest, but also
due to the years not having to take Navajo classes. After junior high, I was determined to only take
part in the core classes, which did not include Navajo. Because of this, I lost my skills in this

A Brief Look at the Navajo Nation
The times have changed, but the spirit lives on. The Navajo are a Native American tribe that resides
as their own nation in the southwestern part of the United States. The land consists of desert and
mountains, so the Navajo had to learn many skills to live and adapt with the land. They gathered
plants and nuts to eat, hunted animals for meat, and used the skins to keep warm at night as the
temperature in the desert drops to below freezing. As times changed the Navajo adapted their skills
to benefit them. They got herds of goats and sheep and used wool from the sheep to weave amazing
blankets. Today, the Navajo tribe teaches their cultural traditions and beliefs to their children and
followers. They believe nature is sacred and they give thanks to the animals and plants they use for
food. The Navajo passed on their beliefs that the people emerged into the world to escape a flood in
the lower world. The Navajo also tell many stories to show respect for nature and the spirits and
neglect the ones of being treated unlawfully. The Navajo Nation allows these people to try and
maintain the lifestyle that their ancestors lived, with some modern exceptions. Most Navajo people
live on the reservations, but sadly, they are poverty stricken. However, it is a place where they are
sheltered from a growing society. Due to all of this, the Navajo's unique traditions and beliefs, along
with its prior mistreatment, justify the formation of their own nation.
There are 500 Native American

Navajo Culture Research Paper
Navajo Culture Paper
Bridget E. Ebeling
Ancilla College
The Navajo name came from the Pueblo Indians. The Pueblo lived in the Southwest before the
Navajo arrived about 500 years ago. The Pueblo welcomed their new neighbors and taught them to
farm. They called the new people "Navahu" (Bowman, The Navajo, 2016). The name means "great
planted fields" or "take from fields" (Bowman, The Navajo, 2016). Spanish people changed this
name to "Navajo". The name Navajo has been spelled many ways. Today, the "Navajo" spelling is
most common. Their way of living is defined in all aspects of their culture.
Navajo Culture Paper
Most Navajo people call themselves "Dine". It means "the People" in the Navajo language. The
Navajo people live on a reservation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Marrying into one's own clan is highly forbidden and would be considered incest to the Navajo. This
fact has been deteriorating over time. Navajos value strong family ties even if family members move
off of the reservation. Family members who work and live outside of the reservation are known for
sending money to others back on the reservation. It is customary to state the maternal and paternal
clan names when introducing oneself to another Navajo so that they know where you came from.
Two Navajo's from the same clan who meet for the very first time will call each other sister and
brother. Cousins are also seen as brothers and sisters.
Family is considered extremely important in the Navajo culture. To be without relatives is to be
really poor. Children are taught from infancy that the family and tribe are very important. If a family
member goes into the hospital, it is not uncommon to have extended family visit the person in the
hospital and even stay there. If a mother has her child in the pediatric ward at the hospital, all efforts
to allow her to stay in the room with the child should be made.

Purpose And Symbolism Of The Leather Belt
The object that I chose to discuss is the Leather Belt. This object came from one of the most well–
known Native American tribes in the United States, the Navajo. The Navajo tribe was, and currently
is, located within the four states of Arizona, Utah, New Mexico and Colorado – also known as the
Four Corners of the southwestern United States. Many people in the region still speak the Navajo
language, as well as English. The Leather Belt was originally made of leather and strapped with
eight silver "conchas," the Spanish word for shells. Some believe that the Native Americans stole
this idea from the Mexicans. Within each shell, there is a silver coin design that has been stamped
onto the concha. In order to attach the shells to the belt, each ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When the Mission was initially constructed, many people would depend on the Mission for food and
supplies. They would starve since they were always reliant on additional Missions and New Spain to
send them food. Not only were the living conditions hard at the Mission, but the rules were
demanding as well. The way of life at Mission Santa Barbara comprised of waking up at sunrise
each morning for great prayer then going to work on the Mission. Work was not equal for everyone.
Men, women and children were busy with their own jobs and those kept everyone busy throughout
the day. Men would mostly go through hard labor in the fields and take care of the crops that were
being gathered, or monitor the cattle. On the other hand, women and children classically remained
inside the Mission and finished routine chores. Everyone who lived in the Mission understood that
they were likely to follow the Father's schedule and lifestyle. Not everybody could withstand such a
strict lifestyle based on prayer and work; therefore, many individuals, particularly the Native
Americans who were not accustomed to this lifestyle, would try to escape from Mission

Navajo Code Talkers Research Paper
SSG Rodriguez, Victor
ALC 35F3014–021–025
12th PLT, SSG Wilson
Navajo Code Talkers
During World War I the military utilized American Indian language to have a secure code. This
allowed for secure communications while conduction operations throughout Europe. Prior to the
onset of World War II Adolph Hitler and the Japanese sent students to the United States to study
Indian languages to break the "unbreakable" code; this lead to the development of a new language
utilizing the Navajo language. Those who served their country were known as the Code Talkers.
The first 29 recruits were sent to military training in San Diego CA in May of 1942. Following the
completion of their training they were tasked with developing a written language for Navajos. ...
They were given a transmission to get from one unit to another. "The Code Talkers successfully
translated, transmitted and retranslated a test message in two and a half minutes. Without using the
Navajo code, it could take hours for a soldier to complete the same task." (CIA, 2008) With the
success of this test Navajos begin to be deployed in every major operation in the Pacific theater.
"Major Howard Connor, who was the signal officer of the Navajos at Iwo Jima, said, 'Were it not for
the Navajos, the Marines would never have taken Iwo Jima.'" (CIA, 2008) Japanese were skilled at
breaking codes developed by the Army and Air Corp but failed to break the code utilized by the
Marines and the Navajo Code Talkers. The code was so complex and detailed that you had to be
trained as a Code Talker to be able to fully understand.
The Japanese took a non–code trained Navajo soldier captive while serving in Japan. As a POW he
was forced to listen to recordings of the Navajos speak in code. Although he spoke the language he
was unable to decipher the code and give the Japanese the means to decipher it. After his release he
eventually met a Code Talker. His statement to them was "I never figured out what you guys who
got me into all that trouble were saying." (Committe,

How Did The Navajo Code Talkers Help The Allies
There was a group of Navajo men, called Code Talkers, that played a major part in helping the
Allies in World War II. Their work was so successful for multiple reasons.
Code Talkers were Navajo men who used their native language to develop a code that was
indecipherable to Japanese cryptologists. In the beginning there were twenty–nine Navajo men
creating the codes, called the "Original 29," but several hundred Navajos would join and learn the
code. For years the Navajos were unable to speak of what they did in the war, but now they've been
given authorization to tell their tale. Their code played a major part in helping the Allies win the
war. The article states that,"The group participated in every assault the Marines conducted in the
Pacific, sending thousands of covert messages regarding the movements of Japanese troops,
battlefield tactics, and other details that would prove critical to the war's ultimate outcome," proving
that the Code ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The reason being that the Navajos native language was unwritten. The article explains,"After basic
training in 1942, Nez's platoon was tasked with developing a code, based on the then–unwritten
Navajo language. Using Navajo words for red soil, war chief, clan, braided hair, beads, ant, and
hummingbird, for example, the Original 29 came up with an alphabet and a glossary of more than
200 terms." This shows that because the language was unwritten, you'd have to know the language
to even have a chance of figuring out the codes. The Code Talkers were the walking carriers of the
code and each message that was read by a Code Talker, was destroyed immediately afterwards. The
Navajo code was so indecipherable, that a Navajo soldiers that had been captured by the Japanese,
couldn't decipher it. The article states that, "After the war, the soldier told one of the Code Talkers,
"I never figured out what you guys who got me into all that trouble were

The Navajo People and Their Environmental Concerns Essay
The Navajo People and Their Environmental Concerns
Introduction
This nation was built on the foundation that "All Men are Created Equal." Under the eyes of God,
no man is better than another. This has held our nation together and forced us to exist
interdependently. We are fortunate to live in a nation that possesses such a wealth of diversity. It
makes our nation unique and gives people the opportunity to learn about the beauty of culture.
However, history has shown us that not all have embraced diversity. For this reason, civil rights
movements have long been a part of our history. Citizens of this country recognize key figures in
Civil Rights movements such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Cesar Chavez who have promoted ...
census, 37% of Navajos live under the poverty line.
 The Navajo Indian Reservation is the largest reservation in the nation.
 Native Americans and Alaskan Natives account for only 1.5% of the entire nation's
population, most of which reside in the western and southwestern states of the United States ().
 In total, American Indians own approximately 55 millions acres.
 This land amount is less than 3% of what they originally owned.
 About 250 different tribal languages are spoken.
 Indians are the only U.S. minority that must legally prove its minority status.
These numbers represent the struggle the Native American faces. First, 97% of their land was taken
away from them over the last 500 years. The land belonged to their ancestors. No land titles or
claims existed before the arrival of the Spanish and English. Their lands were communal and they
existed with unwritten boundaries. Cases of such cultural displacement exist amongst indigenous
people around the globe. For instance, the Mapuche Indians in Chile were victims of the Spanish
conquest. Before 1866, the Mapuche lived on over 100,000 square kilometers of land. Between
1866 and 1927, they were forced to then live on 5,000

Code Talkers And Code Talkers
Throughout history, different people are treated with isolation and discrimination. This is shown in
our culture through songs, movies, television shows, and other forms of art in every corner of the
world. For example, the movie and song "Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer" parallels the
oppression of minorities, specifically with the 'Code Talkers,' in the novel, Code Talkers, by Chester
Nez, during World War II. Since before the beginning of United States history, the people of the
United States have oppressed and repressed the Native Americans that have lived on this land long
before them. The lyric, "All of the other reindeer/ used to laugh and call him names/ they never let
poor Rudolph/ join in any reindeer games" parallels the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And for the Code Talkers, years and years later, when they could finally discuss the code, "Senator
Jeff Bingaman . . . proposed the 'Honoring the Navajo Code Talkers Act' . . . the act called for
recognition for the code talkers" (Nez 256). Both saved the day and both oppressor groups were
largely grateful for their sacrifices and for their differences that made it possible. Also, their
differences from the rest of the world were not only unique, but were hard or impossible to obtain.
Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer's talent was obviously that he, "had a very shiny nose" (Autry 6).
This is difficult to obtain because he was born with it, it was not earned by him and it seems that this
phenomenon has never happened before in the North Pole reindeer world. Likewise, "pronunciation
of even one Navajo word is nearly impossible for someone not used to hearing the sounds" (Nez
91). This talent can be obtained, but is seemingly impossible to be learned later in life, as "the
language was so complex it could be learned only is one began in infancy" (Nez 91). That being
said, this talent was in high demand because of the very small percentage of people who could speak
Navajo in the United States and the US Government could not simply take shortcuts in learning the
language because they would need to grow a colony of Navajo speaking children over the span of
about eighteen years. Which, was time no one had.
Regardless of how the other reindeer or the United

The Navajo Language : The American Indian War Essay
The Navajo Language On September 11, 2001 the world watched as the lives of many regardless of
age, race, gender, and ethnicity changed as we witnessed a terror attack unfold on our homeland, the
United States of America. The graphic images of the twin towers collapsing and an airline jet
crashing into the Pentagon portrayed an image of what the American Indian's must have seen as the
Unites States Government (USG) made advances on their ancestral lands, threatening their very
livelihood. As a direct result of conflicts with the USG, American Indians were relocated to
reservations, where they suffered poverty, racism, and termination of their culture, traditions, and
language. Despite their tragic history, the American Indian Soldiers have made countless
contributions to the freedoms of this great nation. The American Indian's service to the United States
Armed Forces (USAF) is dated back to the American Revolution, the War of 1812, and every major
conflict recorded in American history, to the current war against terrorism. Even though congress
marked the American Indians for abolishment at one point in American history, the use of the
Navajo language during World War II is the only reason that America still reigns "Home of the
Brave".
The Navajo People
The Navajo (or Dine), which means "The People" are located on the Navajo reservation, spanning
more than 27,000 miles, at the four corners of Arizona, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. The 2010
Census Brief reports the

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