1. Unit 1_Task 3
Wilfredo Velasco. Cod 174205213
Yudi Esperanza Loaiza. Cod 40327934
Eduardo Adolfo Mejía
Luz Aida Idarraga. Cod 1041202490
Group_12
TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES
National University open and Distance
(UNAD)
October 2017
2. WILFREDO VELASCO ARDILA
TASK 1. TRANSLATION
PARAGRAPH 2
When the first steam trains appeared in the 1830's, they provoked violent
reactions too; opponents claimed that they were dangerous, noisy and
dirty, would destroy cities by fire, and kill people through speed. Some
landowners resolutely refused to allow lines to be built over their land.
Fifty years later, the arrival of the motor car was met with a similar
mixed response - opponents arguing that "horseless carriages" were far
too dangerous to be allowed on Britain's roads. For a while, the
opponents almost won the battle, and until 1896, cars on Britain's roads
had to be preceded by a man walking with a red flag.
Indeed, the history of scientific and technical progress is full of
examples of resistance to progress - in a paradoxical illustration of
Newton's third law of motion*.
This being the case, the vigorous reaction in Britain and several other
countries against the introduction of genetically modified crops is not
surprising; indeed, it is probably inevitable. Since the catastrophe of
"Mad Cow Disease", - and in spite of the enormous benefits brought
about by modern agricultural practice - agribusiness and scientific
modern farming methods are seriously contested in many quarters.
Parágrafo 2
Cuando los primeros trenes a vapor aparecieron en la década de 1830,
también provocaron reacciones violentas; los opositores afirmaron que
eran peligrosos, ruidosos y sucios, que destruirían las ciudades por el
fuego y matarían a la gente a través de la velocidad. Algunos
terratenientes se negaron rotundamente a permitir la construcción de
líneas sobre sus tierras. Cincuenta años más tarde, la llegada del
automóvil se encontró con una respuesta mixta similar - opositores
argumentando que los "carruajes sin caballos" eran demasiado
peligrosos para ser permitidos en las carreteras de Gran Bretaña.
Durante un tiempo, los oponentes casi ganaron la batalla, y hasta 1896,
los coches en las carreteras de Gran Bretaña tuvieron que ser precedidos
por un hombre caminando con una bandera roja.
De hecho, la historia del progreso científico y técnico está llena de
ejemplos de resistencia al progreso en una ilustración paradójica de la
tercera ley del movimiento de Newton. Siendo así, no es sorprendente la
vigorosa reacción en Gran Bretaña y en otros países contra la
introducción de cultivos modificados genéticamente; de hecho, es
probablemente inevitable. Desde la catástrofe de la "enfermedad de las
vacas locas", y a pesar de los enormes beneficios que trajo consigo la
práctica agrícola moderna, la agroindustria y los modernos métodos de
cultivo se encuentran seriamente cuestionados en muchos sectores.
3. TASK 2. REFLECTION
during the translation of this text (paragraph 2) first of all I considered, it was an interesting topic on culture
and history since my paragraph was about the first steam trains in the 1830s and this was more motivating
for me since I really like the history of the world. I start translating complete sentences to achieve a good
sense to the translation with coherent and logical phrases and in this way to facilitate the comprehension of
the text, and sometimes I did it word by word although I found several unknown words so I used an online
translator and an English - English dictionary to clear my doubts.
My unknown words were these:
- provoked
- paradoxical
- Indeed
And in this phrase I also had to give coherence:
- (contested in many quarters.)
I think that when we develop these translation skills into another language, what is really important is to try
to express the same idea by retaining the original meaning of the text and for this reason I can conclude that
the techniques used according to the knowledge that I learned in the development of this course were the
literal translation in which, as its name indicates, is word for word because in the translation of the
paragraph sometimes I had to be legitimate to the writer and therefore remain unchanged and also think that
uses the oblique technique both transposition and modulation to change the grammatical structure of some
sentences but maintaining the same original meaning of the paragraph.
in conclusion I consider that this was a very good learning exercise and I put all my senses in the
development of this translation in order to adapt it to Spanish language in an appropriate way.
4. TASK 3. CHART
Definition of translation Strategy
Venuti (1998:240) indicates that translation
strategies "involve the basic tasks of choosing the
foreign text to be translated and developing a
method to translate it." He employs the concepts
of domesticating and foreignizing to refer to
translation strategies.
Jaaskelainen (1999:71) considers strategy as, "a
series of competencies, a set of steps or processes
that favor the acquisition, storage, and/or
utilization of information." Hemaintains that
strategiesare "heuristic and flexible in nature, and
their adoption implies a decision influenced by
amendments in the translator's objectives."
Definition of translation method
translation method refers to the way a particular translation
process is carried out in terms of the translator's objective, a
global option that affects the whole text. There are several
translation methods that may be chosen, depending on the aim of
the translation: interpretative-communicative "translation of the
sense), literal "lin-guistic transcodification), free "modification of
semiotic and communicative categories) and philological
"academic or critical translation)
the translation method affects the way micro units of the text are
translated: the translation techniques. thus, we should distinguish
between the method chosen by the translator, e.g., literal or
adaptation, that affects the whole text, and the translation
techniques, literal translation or adaptation, that affect micro-
units of the text.
According to Larson (1984:15) translation method is divided into
two categories. First category is from-based or literal translation.
Secondly, it is meaning based or idiomatic translation. By literal
translations, he means, the translation faithfully follows the form
of the SL. On the other hand, the idiomatic translation tries to
convey the meaning intended by the SL writer in a natural form
of the receptor language.
Larson (1984: 16) then adds that in applying the literal
translation, there is rarely a true literal translation. The methods
spread in the continuum from very literal, to literal, to modified
literal, to near idiomatic, idiomatic, and unduly free.
Translation technique
They are used when structural and conceptual elements of
the source language can be transposed into the target
language:
Borrowing: taking words straight into another language, also
known as ‘transfer’ (eg using baguette, Schadenfreude or
glasnost in an English text)
Calque: borrowing a phrase from another language and
translating it literally word-forword (eg translating the
French marché aux puces as ‘flea market’ in English or the
English skyscraper as ‘gratte-ciel’ in French)
Literal translation: a word-for-word translation
6. TASK 2. REFLECTION
The translation of a text leads us to develop
coherent logical skills in the formation of sentences
and form a text, where the reader can understand
is his own language having the ability to create
conclusions of the text. I can say that during the
process of translating paragraph 3, there are
diversity of words that must be omitted to give
coherence to the text, was one of the drawbacks I
had in the course of translation because in some
cases did not present Coherence the phrase, the
technique used was the literal and oblique, in the
literal technique I allow me to translate word for
word, then use the oblique where you can change
the grammatical structure of the text to give logic in
the sequence of the words translated. I can say
that this process in enriching allowed me to
concentrate and read the text carefully several
times to be able to fit the words in appropriate way.
7. TASK 3. CHART
TRANSLATIONS
DIFFERENCES
METHOD
Newmark (1988b) mentions the
difference between translation
methods and translation
procedures. He writes that, "[w]hile
translation methods relate to
whole texts, translation procedures
are used for sentences and the
smaller units of language" (p.81).
The translation method applies to
the entire text to be translated.
Word-for-word translation
Literal translation
Semantic translation
-Faithful translation
Adaptation
Free translation
Idiomatic translation
Communicative translation
STRATEGY
Bell (1998:188) "Differentiates
between global (those dealing with
whole texts) and local (those
dealing with text segments)
strategies and confirms that this
distinction results from various
kinds of translation problems".
Use of a standard translation
Minimum change, that is, a literal
translation.
Extra allusive guidance added in
the text.
The use of footnotes.
Stimulated familiarity or internal
marking
Replacement by a TL item
.
TECHNIQUE
Poses a bit of a challenge at
the moment of applying them.
Translation technique varies
within the same text according
to each case and depending on
the specific verbal elements
that will be translated.
.
-Direct Translation Techniques
-Oblique Translation Techniques
-Literal Translation
8. TASK 1. TRANSLATION
PARAGRAPH 1 PARRAFO 1
Genetically modified crops" are controversial. In
Europe, militant "greens" and angry small-farmers have
attacked and destroyed fields of experimental
"GM" crops, seeing them both as symbols
of multinational agribusiness, and as a threat to the
world's natural environment.
Is there any sound scientific evidence to back up the
protestors' fears, or are the protests largely motivated by
ignorance? Is the anti-GM movement progressive, or is
it a form of fundamentalism, caused by fear of the
unknown? Different people have different views on the
matter, but history shows that quantum developments in
science or technology have always provoked
a backlash motivated by fear or misunderstanding.
When industrial machinery began to appear in British
factories over 200 years ago, factory-owners were wildly
enthusiastic; so were many workers. But there were
other people who took a different view. Groups known
as the Luddites, opposed to the mechanisation of
factories, sprang up across Britain, adopting commando
tactics to break up new machinery in factories -
claiming that it would destroy jobs and change people's
lives for the worse.
Cultivos genéticamente modificados” son
controvertidos. En Europa, los "verdes" militantes y los
pequeños agricultores furiosos han atacado y destruido
campos de cultivos experimentales "GM", viéndolos a
ambos como símbolos de agroindustria multinacional, y
como una amenaza para el entorno natural del mundo.
¿Existen pruebas científicas sólidas para respaldar los
temores de los manifestantes, o las protestas están
motivadas en gran medida por la ignorancia? ¿es el
movimiento anti-GM progresista, o es una forma de
fundamentalismo, causada por el miedo a lo
desconocido? Diferentes personas tienen diferentes
puntos de vista sobre el tema, pero la historia muestra
que los desarrollos cuánticos en la ciencia o la tecnología
siempre han provocado un contragolpe motivado por el
miedo o el malentendido.
Cuando las maquinarias industriales empezaron a
aparecer en fábricas británicas hace más de 200 años, los
propietarios de fábricas se entusiasmaron
tremendamente; así que muchos trabajadores. Pero había
otras personas que tenían una visión diferente. Grupos
conocidos como los luditas, opuestos a la mecanización
de fábricas, surgieron a través de Gran Bretaña,
adoptando tácticas de comando para romper la
maquinaria nueva en las fábricas-alegando que iba a
destruir los puestos de trabajo y cambiar la vida de la
gente para peor.
Luz Aida Idarraga
9. TASK 2. REFLECTION
Some words when I was translating the
paragraph were a bit difficult because I did not
know what their translation was like in
Spanish. Then I searched in a dictionary the
words unknown to me, but in some I found
several meanings and according to the
paragraph was adapting the word that best fit
the context of the sentence.
Such as the words attacked, threat, fear, matter
and sprang up
I have in many cases used the transposition
technique in the translation process. Therefore,
I have substituted some meanings of the words,
but keeping the original meaning of the
translation text.
10. TASK 3. CHART
METHOD STRATEGY TECHNIQUE
The procedure followed to
achieve the translation of a
text; there are several
methods that can be used.
Word for word translation:
Literal translation :
Faithful translation
Semantic translation:
Adaptation:
Free translation :
Communicative
translation:
Krings (1986: 18)
defines the translation
strategy as a translator's
potential plan for
solving specific
translation problems in
the context of a specific
translation task.
Direct Translation
Techniques:
Borrowing
Calque
Literal Translation
Oblique Translation
Techniques
Transposition
Modulation
Reformulation or
Equivalence
Adaptation
Compensation
11. REFERENCE
• Bosco, G. (n.d.). Translation Techniques. Retrieved March 22,
2017, fromhttp://www.interproinc.com/es/blog/translation-
techniques
•
• Ordudari, M. (july 2007). Translation procedures, strategies,
and methods. Translation Journal, 11(3). Retrieved March 22,
2017, from http://www.bokorlang.com/journal/41culture.htm
