Identifying Salient Factors That Affected CRM Process At...

Identifying Salient Factors that Affected CRM Process at...
Objectives
In the data analysis, there are two of the main objectives which will be prioritize during the research.
Here are the following objectives regarding the data analysis:
1. To identify salient factors that affected CRM process at Merck–Medco
– Once the obvious factors are being found, the company will be directed to develop the appropriate
measures which would help to process improvement. This factors can be identified through a
quantitative and qualitative method among the representatives.
2. To develop a reliable and valid instrument that will help to assure the effectiveness of the
measures and actions.
– This will then help to fulfil the dissatisfaction among the representatives. So, all of this would
subsequently lead to the successful management of customer relationships..
Analysis
The initial steps to achieve the objectives, the data will be separate into two main parts.
1. Exploratory factor analysis
The first part is related to salient factors will be determined so several measures will be produce in
order to responses to the failure of CRM failure at Merck–Medco. In this analysis, principle of axis
factoring extraction method with Varimax rotation also will be used to see the total number of
factors. The corrected–items total correlation results will be re–evaluated if the factor analysis result
in ambiguous structure. Then, the steps which to ensure all items within a factor measured will be in
similar content would be taken. At each stage,
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Test Analysis : Tests Analysis Essay
Running head: TEST ANALYSIS 1 1 TEST ANALYSIS 15 Test analysis Fatimah Alhaddad EDU
325/525 Dr. Michael Barla Part 1 Manzicopoulos, P. (2000). Can the Brigance K&1 screen detect
cognitive/academic giftedness when used with preschoolers from economically disadvantaged
backgrounds??Roeper Review,?22(3), 185–191. 1. This study is concerned with testing the validity
of the idea that the Brigance K&1 screen (test) can be used for identifying the potentially gifted
preschoolers from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. In the aftermath of having conducted
the study?s empirical phases, the author came to confirm the validity of the initially proposed thesis
while showing that the effectiveness–ratio of the test?s usage, in this respect, can be as high as 75%
(Manzicopoulos, 2000, p. 186). 2. The study does discuss the instrument?s applicability for
detecting giftedness in kids while comparing the effectiveness of the Brigance K&1 screen to that of
the K–ABC test, which is being used to recognize cognitive leanings in schoolchildren. The
accuracy of the Brigance K&1 screen has been rated at the above average level. 3. The manner in
which this study uses the instrument is indeed unique to an extent. The reason for this is that the
instrument?s deployment took place in conjunction with the parallel

Factor Analysis: Based On The Common Factor Analysis Model
Factor analysis is based on the 'common factor model'. This is a theoretical model that is useful for
studying relationships among variables. It is the general way to estimate more than one factor from
the data. This model postulates that observed measures are affected by underlying common factors
and unique factors, and the correlation patterns need to be determined. In the factor analysis model,
each variable is assumed to depend on a linear combination of factors. These coefficients are called
loadings. It also includes a component called specific variance. This is due the variable's
independent random variability. It is called specific variance because it specific to each variable.
During factor extraction it is the variable's shared variance that is partitioned from its unique or
specific variance. The shared variance contributes to the determination of factors [2]. There are a
number of extraction methods available. In this paper the Maximum Likelihood Estimation method
is used. Maximum Likelihood attempts to analyze the maximum likelihood of sampling the
observed correlation matrix [9]. When applied to a data set, maximum–likelihood estimation
provides ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sometimes the estimated loadings from a factor analysis model may give a large weight on several
factors for some of the measured variables. This makes it difficult to interpret what those factors
represent. In order to make it easy to interpret the factors, rotation of factors is done. Rotation does
not change the basic aspects of the analysis. Rotation helps to make the results more understandable
by giving a simpler structure [8]. Rotation allows the items to group into factors more distinctly. It
reduces ambiguities occur in the preliminary analysis. Ultimately, the simple structure attempts to
have each factor define a distinct cluster of interrelated variables so that interpretation is easier

Caregiver Stress Essay
In the U.S, one in four will be aged 60 years and older by 2050 (U.S. Census Bureau). This
represents an overwhelming number of people who will either be in the caretaker role or be the
ROC. Like today, most of the care will be provided by informal unpaid caregivers. The number of
informal unpaid caregivers is expected to rise from 20 million in 2000 to 37 million in 2050 (Office
of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation [ASPE], 2003). Because of the burden of care
giving, many caregivers will experience depression, poor health and quality of life (Etters, Goodall,
& Harrison, 2008). Their well–being is an important public health concern. Caregiver burden, also
called stress, distress or strain, is a multidimensional ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The items have content validity and take into account the impact on personal health, finances, social
life and interpersonal relationships (Ankri et al., 2005). The items are scored and summed to arrive
at an overall burden score. Critics have argued that one summated score cannot adequately represent
the multidimensional caregiver experience (Ankri et al.). Others have countered that most factor
analysis studies on the ZBI have found only two viable factors. Both types were highly correlated
with each other and, hence, may measure one underlying construct (Bachner et al., 2007).
Researchers have identified several types of caregiver burden with somewhat inconsistent results
(Knight et al., 2000). The inconsistencies are due to differences in the factor analysis procedures and
the labels used to describe the latent factors. In addition, the last item of the ZBI, a summative
question, was often not included in the analyses because of its large correlations with many items
(Knight et al.; Lai, 2007). Four studies, three of which used the 12–item ZBI (Bedard et al., 2001;
O'Rourke et al., 2003; Hebert et al., 2000) and one of which used the full version (Whitlatch et al.,
1991), found two latent factors: personal strain and role strain. Personal strain has been defined as
"how personally stressful the experience is" and role strain has been defined as "stress due

Confirmatory Factor Analysis Paper
In order to examine the first research question, which focuses on whether the two sets of
environmental behaviors are essentially the same or not they are systematically analyzed using
confirmatory factor analysis. The foundation of this analysis relies on the fact that environmental
behavior may take many forms and that those who are concerned about the environment may
engage in some behaviors more so than other forms. This possible difference in engagement may be
due to opportunity structures that help or hinder the feasibility of engaging. For example, if one does
not have access to a curbside–recycling program, it would follow that the likelihood of engaging in
this specific behavior would be lower than someone who did. This is just one ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
These included Akaike Information Criterion, the Bayseian (Schwarz) Information Criterion, the
Tucker–Lewis Index, the Comparative Fit Index, the Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual,
Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation, and the Co–efficient of Determination, which are all
obtained via the ESTAT command. Each of these measures has their own criterion that demonstrates
good model fit. I used these in order to determine which model fit the best when the modification
indices above provided several possible final steps in creating the best overall fitting model. What I
mean by this is that in some cases, the modification indices had two suggested paths to add and
regardless of which one was added the model would fit the same, or nearly the same–hundredths of
a point difference in Chi–Square value. Thus, I added each path in separate models, and utilized the
above fit statistics to assess which path offered the best fitting model. In most, if not all, cases these
measures were near identical. Thus, the final model and path selection relied on which path had the
greatest substantive meaning to the analysis, while not compromising overall model fit. The analysis
went through this process for each year and each latent construct

Evaluating Mission Statement
The foundation of an organization and related programs is the mission statement. The purpose of a
mission statement is to define who the organization is, and provide a framework for ensuring that
each decision aligns with the mission of the organization. Creating a mission statement gives
employees a sense of direction and purpose for the organizations and programs within the
organization (Walker, 2012). This paper addresses the importance of identifying preliminary
information prior to gathering data to evaluate the program, a discussion of theory and processes
involved in developing performance indicators, a discussion of theory and process involved in
designing questions to guide the evaluation plan, and research–based rationale for tool ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many factors to consider when selecting the appropriate forecasting tools, such as,
relevance, data requirements, costs to the organization, and availability of required resources to
accurately forecast. Armstrong (2001) argues there are six ways to select the best forecasting tools:
convenience, popularity, structured judgement, statistical criteria, track records, guidelines from
previous research (p. 366). Armstrong (2001) argues that using multiple selection techniques is a
suitable way to select the correct forecasting

The Reliability Test For The Assessment Tool
A second review of the measuring items for each TQM principle was conducted to minimize the
redundancy of items that provided the same measurement. . As a result of the review, some
measuring items were reduced. There were no modifications or translation for the measuring items.
Table 2 includes the final number of items used after the pilot study was conducted. The pilot study
gave a chance to the researchers to ensure the tool is measuring what it was intended to measure.
The reliability of the assessment tool was conducted using Cronbach's Alpha. The reliability tests
the internal consistency of the assessment and ensures that test results provide consistent outcome in
repeated measurements (Rahman, 2001). The accepted level of Cronbach's alpha is 0.7 while 0.6 is
also acceptable in exploratory studies (Saraph, et al., 1989). The internal consistency of the
assessment principles/constructs was measured separately using SPSS. The limiting factor for
acceptance used was an alpha level of 0.7. Table 2 presents the reliability test for the assessment
tool. The assessment reliability test produced an alpha level of more than 0.7 for all
principles/constructs of the assessment. The content and construct validity was also evaluated and
measured. As far as the content validity, it was ensured that all items were based on an extensive
literature search and previous studies as indicated in the literature review section. The constructs
validity of the assessment was measured

Annotated Bibliography : Usefulness Of Ethnicity Essay
ARTICLE THREE: USEFULNESS OF ETHNICITY IN INTERNATIONAL CONSUMER
MARKETING Internationalization is the term that can characterize the current state of the
consumer market in many parts of the world (Dillard, p. 25). The world of business has evolved into
a market where there are accommodations necessary to appeal to a larger market and gain a larger
market share. Identifying the ethnic identity of a target market can help with the promotion status
and product design for mass distribution. This study will examine the implications in identifying the
ethnic identity of Latino and Asian consumers in the apparel and retail industry. Research Question
There have been previous studies in the past that have affirmed that ethnic identity contributes to the
decision marking of Latino and Asian consumers. The first two hypotheses are taking that same
logic and cross applying the methods to the cultures' reactions to apparel shopping orientation and
retail format preferences. The last four hypotheses are comparing the outcomes between strong and
weak members of each ethnicity. It is assumed by past studies that strongly identified individuals
stay with tradition and will follow the ways of their ancestors, whereas weakly identified individuals
will likely conform to the new customs of the current place of occupancy and assimilate to the
standard of living. There are six hypotheses presented in the research: H1: Latino and Asian
consumers will show differences in their appeal

A Study On The Banking Sector
The data were collected from retail banking customers in Ghana using a questionnaire. The
respondents of the study were selected using the intercept approach (Bush, & Hair 1985). That is the
data were collected from some retail banking customers who had visited some bank branches to
perform transactions. The respondents were given the questionnaire after they have finished
banking. The branches visited were located in Accra, the capital city of Ghana. We selected this city
because of its cosmopolitan nature. The banking sector was selected because of its competitive
nature. As at 31 December 2015, there were 30 banks operating as universal banks. In addition to
this, four financial institutions have obtained a universal banking licence in 2016 to operate (PWC
2016). This has heightened the already intense competition in the banking sector. This situation
presents customers with variety of choices and opportunity to switch to other banks easily. As a
result, many banks are constantly exploring strategies to attracting new customers whilst retaining
the existing customers. There were a total of 468 respondents out of which 53.2% were males. Many
(66.2%) of the respondents operate a savings account. Also many (76.1%) of them have completed
or were pursuing a University degree. Furthermore, 54.7% of them have being doing business with
their respective banks for 1–5 years. Again, 48.7 % have an account balance ranging from GHC
3000– 3999. Table 1 provides details of the

Factors Influencing The Factor Analysis
Factor analysis According to Maria& Eva, the factor analysis is a technique in the statistics to
observe variability in the correlated variables in terms of lowers number of unobserved variables,
which is necessary for factorization (Maria& Eva, 2012). Dehak, Kenn, Dehak, Dumouchel, &
Ouellet, further stated that, the factor analysis is useful technique to investigate the relationship
between the variables in complex concepts and the main purpose of the factor analysis is to reduce
the number of variables associated with the measure and to detect the structures of the relationship
between the variables (Dehak, Kenn, Dehak, Dumouchel, & Ouellet, 2011) .
The application of factor analysis widely used in social research (Steinfeld, Navon, Creech, Yakhini,
& Tsalenko, 2014). The current study employs factor analysis to reduce the items' in the
questionnaire for data reduction as per the recommendations of In addition, the factor analysis is
used to construct the factor based on the items' in the scale (Wang & Ahmed, 2004). Hence, the
factor analysis is used for data reduction and structuring the variables. Factor analysis has two types
as discussed below, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (Costello & Osborne, 2005).
Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) Costello & Osborne, (2005) said that, factor analysis is used to
uncover the structure of relatively large set of variables in the data(Costello & Osborne, 2005). EFA
identifies the underlying relationship between the

A Latent Proﬁle Analysis Paper
Topic: A Latent Proﬁle Analysis of Sense of Belonging, Self–Esteem, and Wellness Identifying
Psychologically Less–Prepared First–Year College Students.
Introduction and background
College student degree non–completion and attrition is a pressing issue for higher education
institutions. Nearly 20% of first–time, full time students failed to return to campus for their
sophomore year among the 2012 cohort. Further, the 6–year graduation rate among the fall 2007
cohort of students seeking bachelor's degrees was approximately 59 percent (National Center for
Education Statistics [NCES], 2015) The vulnerability of groups of students were identified by
O'Keeffe (2013), who pointed out that part time students, first year students, first generation ...
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Of those 265 participants (male, 44.2%; female, 55.8%), 153 students were White/Caucasian
(57.7%), 63 students were Black/African–American (23.8%), 11 students were Latino/Hispanic
(4.2%), 18 students were Asian (6.8%), and 20 were multiracial (7.5 %). Nearly a quarter of
participants identified as first generation college students (22.6%). Participants' mean GPA in high
school was 3.79 (SD =

The Impact of Customer Advocacy on Customer Perceived...
The impact of customer advocacy on customer perceived value; written by Ying–Pin Yeh Published
in The Journal of Business and Retail Management Research Vol. 8 Issue 1 October 2013, set out to
research and analyze the effect of customer perceived value influences customer advocacy. Ying–Pin
Yeh attempted to show the effects of customer trust, satisfaction, and perceived value in the telecom
companies in Taiwan. This article attempts to prove that telecommunication business should be
investing in to increase customer advocacy by building trust and satisfaction. The study utilizes 388
surveys to gather data enabling Yeh to evaluate six hypotheses. Hypothesis 1 Customer trust has a
positive impact on perceived value. Hypothesis 2 Customer satisfaction has a positive impact on
customer perceived value. Hypothesis 3 Customer advocacy has a positive impact on customer trust.
Hypothesis 4 Customer Advocacy has a positive impact on customer satisfaction. Hypothesis 5
Customer empowerment has a positive impact on the firm's customer advocacy. Hypothesis 6
Organizational innovation has a positive impact on the firm's customer advocacy. (Yeh, 2013)
Customer advocacy aims to build deeper customer relationships by earning new levels of trust and
commitment and by developing mutual transparency, dialogue, and partnership with customers.
(Yeh, 2013) This study tries to identify how the effects of consumer advocacy directly impacts the
trust, satisfaction and perceived customer value.

Essay On Factor Analysis
TEST OF RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE SELECTED ITEMS
In order to determine the construct validity, factor analysis was carried out with Principal
Component Method and Varimax rotation. The purpose of factor analysis was to obtain theoretically
meaningful dimensions pertaining to the study.
Before conducting factor analysis, the Kaiser‐Meyer‐Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (KMO)
and Bartlett's test of Sphericity was carried out to see the suitability of the factor model. The KMO
for both the Turnover Intention and for the Organizational Attributes were above 0.60 (0.88 for
Turnover Intentions and 0.89 for Organizational Attributes). Similarly, the Bartlett test for Sphericity
was found to be significant (1.02 for Turnover Intentions and 2.05 for Organizational Attributes; p
1.00
‐ Meeting the criteria of factor loading generally ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hale, J. 1998. Strategic rewards: Compensation and benefits management. Management, 14 (3), 39–
50.
7. Lyon, H. L., J. M. Ivancevich, and J. H. Donnelly. 1970. A motivational profile of management
scientists. Operations Research, 19 (6), 1282–99.
8. Maslow, A. H. 1943. A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review , 50, 370–396
9. McGregor, D. 1960. The human side of enterprise. New York: McGraw–Hill.
10. Pathak, S., & Tripathi, V. 2010. Sales Force Turnover: An Exploratory Study of the Indian
Insurance Sector. Management, 5(1), 003–019.
11. Roberts, T. B. 1982. Comment on Mathes's article. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 22 (4),
97–98.
12. Rogers, P., and D. J. Peccoud. 2005. Leading from the front.
Http://www.bain.com/bainweb/publications/publications_detail.asp?
id=24349&menu_url=publications_results.asp.
13. Shoura, M. M., and A. Singh. 1998. Motivation parameters for engineering managers using
Maslow's theory. Journal of Management in Engineering 15 (5), 44–55.
14. Agent Attrition Remains High, Life insurers lose 60,000 in Q1,

Stimulus And Brand Selection
This study is an attempt to fill the gaps identified in the available literature on the association of
stimulus and brand selection. The present study measured the stimulus and its impact on brand
selection or purchase decision in the Indian online retail. To assess this relationship, different models
have been designed to investigate and measure the stimulus. For investigation purposes, a
qualitative model has been developed and presented in Chapters earlier. This model prioritized the
various factors of stimulus in context of the online retail. Next to this, the measurement aspect of
stimulus was addressed by the development of a quantitative model shown in Chapters earlier. This
model has been used to develop and validate the scale for the measurement of stimulus in the Indian
online retail. The present study comprises of the following: A broad and thorough literature review
has been conducted on the association of stimulus and brand purchase decision. The literature
review consists of the evolution and definitions of individual, technology and societal groups and
brand purchase decision, a classification of available literature, and various factors which constitute
Stimulus in S–O–R model. Based on this basis of this review, gaps, and a research agenda was
identified which provided a sound base to conduct the present study. A literature review of the
methodologies used in this field of study was also conducted. These methodologies were Analytical
Hierarchy Process

Deficiency And Sufficiency Of Critical Factors Greatly...
Deficiency and Sufficiency of Critical Factors Greatly affect Attrition and leverage Retention (in IT
Companies) – A Case Study of IT Companies in India
Abstract
The IT/ITES sector is the backbone of Indian economy. It earns lot of foreign income to boost the
Indian economy. Even in the economic turmoil over the globe, particularly in developed countries,
though this sector had little affected, could come out successfully managing the entire economic
imbroglio. High attrition in the IT/ITES industry has always been its greatest concern and a subject
of much analysis and debate. Organizations use different methodologies for calculating their
attrition rate. HR experts feel that it is a know factor that attrition calculation is gray area which
does not always depict the true picture while a few techniques are common there are no proven
theories yet. Further, the approach to this calculation might vary from organization to organization.
The Tamil Nadu, Particularly, Chennai is considered to be one of the biggest IT hubs in India having
presence of very big IT companies. The availability of skilled employees with cheap labour cost in
Tamil Nadu is an important reason. AT the same time the rate of attrition are also felt in these
companies. Presently, Tier II cities like Madurai, and Coimbatore were taken place in the IT map.
The employee retention is also felt in the IT companies situated in Madurai also. In this context, the
researchers, attempted to find out the reasons for

Examples Of Meta-Analysis In Criminal Justice
Introduction The quantitative and qualitative approaches have been proven to have been struggling
for power to criminal justice and criminological research. These strategies are only devices to help
social researchers comprehend their general surroundings. The debate concerning which approach is
extraordinary has turned out to be genuine in its outcomes as the quantitative methodology has
increased high ground in the control. The problem that has been found is that the new quantitative
methods are moving fast than the evolution of an arrange curricula. New procedures can be
produced and spread all through the order far quicker than the managerial maze of college
educational modules changes can be explored, In simple terms, this basically ... Show more content
Meta–Analysis is a measurable strategy for consolidating the discoveries from the independent
studies and it is regularly used to survey the clinical adequacy of human services mediations; it does
this by joining information from two or more randomized control trials. Meta–Analysis are turning
out to be increasingly normal in the criminal justice and criminological literate. There are
advantages and they have been criticized too. People do not find meta–analysis useful all the time.
There are most important issues that the meta–analysis have been faced with in the recent years. The
first one is that " The conditions under which meta–analysis are, and are not, most useful" the
second one is that "the dilemma of whether or not to include unpublished work in the sample of
studies to be analyzed" and the last one is that "the choice of bivariate versus multivariate effect size
estimates to be synthesized". The goal is to take these issues out of what has ostensibly been level
headed discussions about specialized conventionality and rather to place them into a more extensive
examination connection inside of criminal equity and

The Value Of Evaluate Ability Defined By Fornell And...
In discriminant validity methodology proposed by Fornell and Larcker (1981) shows that the value
of square root of AVE should exceed the construct correlations with all other constructs (Table 3).
To measure the internal consistency of the constructs, the values of composite reliability (CR)
(Werts et al., 1974; Raykov, 1997) and Cronbach's alpha is carried out, supposed to be under–
estimate scale reliability with the recommended threshold criterion of .70 for both (Nunnally, 1978).
The resulted value of composite reliability lies in between the.81–. 95 and for Cronbach's alpha, the
values lie in between.67 and.97 (Table 2). All these values are computed from a confirmatory factor
analysis using SmartPLS (Ringle et al., 2005) which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, the hypotheses H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, and H8 were accepted. Whereas, the resulted value
for perceived environmental behaviour (β= .022; t–value= .352; p=.470) and perceived
environmental problem (β= −.011; t–value= .704; p=.399) shows negative and insignificant effect
on customer willingness to adoption. Therefore, the hypotheses H6 and H7 were rejected.
5. Discussion and conclusion
This research provides some valuable insight on relationship between environmental aspect and
willingness of consumers to adopt the solar lighting system. The result of the study shows the
differential effect of environment on willingness of adoption of solar lighting system which
confirms the previous studies. A common tendency among rural consumer is to collect the
information regarding a product from friends relative and their neighbours. They rely on their
opinion before purchase the product Positive opinion of neighbours relatives and friends has
positive impact in adaptation of the solar energy. Another reason for the investment in solar lighting
system is symbolic offering a way to demonstrate an ecological lifestyle to neighbours and friends
(Palm and Tangvard 2011).the result of the

The Potential Dimensions Of Service Quality
Abstract
Purpose – The objective of this study is to find the potential dimensions of service quality and then
examine the relationship between service quality, food quality, perceived value, physical
environment and customer satisfaction in KFC Restaurants in Myanmar.
Design/methodology/approach –By using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor
analysis the construct reliability and validity was assessed. To estimate the relationship among
service quality, food quality, perceived value, physical environment and customer satisfaction,
structural equation modeling was employed.
Originality/value – After the democratic reforms in Myanmar, Western–style fast food franchises are
starting to penetrate the boundaries and expanding ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Among them, KFC is one of the most popular fast food franchise in Yangon. Due to the opening of
new branches and offering a lot of food choices, KFC is becoming more and more popular between
Myanmar people.
With the simultaneous swelling of the Myanmar economy, the fast–growing middle class in
Myanmar finds their time more valuable than ever, their lifestyle is changing and less people are
cooking at home (Cullen et al., 2008). This causes a huge increase in fast food consumer market,
and some fast food franchises are increasingly crossing national boundaries and rushing into
Myanmar for customers (Witkowski and Wolfinbarger, 2002). KFC currently has a total of 6 stores
and a target of up to 12 stores by the end of 2017. During the previous years, KFC Myanmar has
become one of the best performing markets within Asia and it was selected as Yum! Brands' "Rookie
of the Year" franchise award.
In today's competitive world, Service Quality is becoming one of the most strategic tools in
measuring customer satisfaction. (Gustafsson, Johnson and Roos, 2005). To create high level of
satisfaction and to develop a strong relationship with customers, customer satisfaction is very
important (Deng et al., 2009). Due to these reasons, the companies consider customer satisfaction as
very important element while devising their core strategies.
There are some studies which address the service quality and customer satisfaction in fast–food
restaurants (FFRs)

Trait Self Control Is Measured With A 20 Item Scale Essay
Trait self–control was measured with a 20–item scale adapted from the original 36–item Self–
Control Scale developed and validated by Tangney et al. (2004). (e.g., "I am good at resisting
temptation," "People would describe me as impulsive" (reversed), "I'm able to work effectively
toward long–term goals"). The scale showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α =.85). The
composite score variable ranged from 1.85 to 4.60. The items of the scale can be found in Appendix
1. Outcome expectancies of eating healthy food were measured from four areas. Bad taste outcomes
was measured with two items (r = .47), e.g. "the food tastes better". Inconvenience outcomes also
contained two items (r = .38), e.g. "I will have to make an effort of buying the right products".
Physical well–being outcomes was measured with four items (α = .76), e.g. "I will be in better
physical condition ". Social punishment outcomes contained two items (r = .50), e.g." I will meet
my mates more". Items are presented more detailed at Appendix. The possible responses ranged
from 1 (not at all true), to 4 (exactly true). Self–efficacy measure assessed how sure one was to
overcome the given obstacles. Two areas of self–efficacy were included: emotional barriers self–
efficacy (five items, α =.88) (e.g., perceived certainty of being able to carry out healthy eating
intentions even when having problems and worries/feeling tense) and social self–efficacy (two
items, r = .69) (e.g., "have to behave in a different

Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Behavioral...
The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1756–
669X.htm
IJQSS 1,1
Service quality, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions in fast–food restaurants
Hong Qin and Victor R. Prybutok
Information Technology and Decision Sciences Department, College of Business Administration,
University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
Abstract
Purpose – This study aims to explore the potential dimensions of service quality, and examine the
relationship among service quality, food quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction and
behavioral intentions in fast–food restaurants (FFRs). Design/methodology/approach – The
construct reliability and validity was assessed using exploratory factor ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Specifically, another potential dimension, recovery, is incorporated into the SERVPERF instrument.
After establishing sufficient reliability and validity of this instrument, we proceed with the second
objective – to examine the relationship among service quality, food quality, perceived value,
customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions. The organization of this paper includes another five
sections. The theoretical foundation of perceived service quality and its dimensions are reviewed in
the next section, followed by the research methodology including the development of the
instrument. Then, the data analysis and findings of this study are presented, followed by the
conclusions and managerial implications. The paper concludes with a section on the limitations of
this work and potential future research. 2. Theoretical foundation The importance of service quality
is substantially addressed in the fast–food management literature. Superior service leads to satisfied
and loyal customers whose continued patronage is essential to the success of FFRs. Conversely,
poor service quality increases customer dissatisfaction and the likelihood that customers dine at a
competitor's FFR and/or become an active champion in persuading others to go elsewhere (Gilbert
et al., 2004). Hence, it is crucial for service managers to understand how customers perceive the
service they provide, and what components might determine

The Extraction Of Factors And Factors
The extraction of factors helps to determine the loading of factors. The factor loading matrix is
shown below and is estimated with two common factors. The first column of the matrix depicts the
first unrotated factor and it can be analysed that the first factor puts maximum and approximately
equal weights to the first, second and fifth variable. And, it puts the minimum weight to the third
variable, electricity. On the other hand, the second unrotated factor places the least weights to the
first and second variable, while putting the highest weight to the third variable.
Factor Loadings =
Scatter plot of Unrotated Factor Scores
The Figure. 15 shows the scatter plot of Score2 vs. Score1. It is clear that the 15th observation has
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Selecting an appropriate rotation is difficult task. Hence, it is preferable to perform both rotations on
the factors.
Varimax rotation technique results in high loading of each variable on a few number of factors,
ideally on one factor and hence resulting in better factor analysis. The Figure. 18 shows the biplot of
loadings of varimax rotated factors. It can be seen that in order to bring the loadings close to zero or
one, varimax has rotated the axes. The four variables are close to first factor axis. While, the third
variable lies approximately on second factor axis. Hence, the results of varimax rotation are
satisfactory because most of the variables are near to the factor axis. Figure. 17
Promax rotation can be used incase we are not able to obtain the satisfactory and simple set of
factors with an orthogonal rotation. The promax rotation allows the factor axes to have an oblique
angle between them. The Figure. 19 shown belows depicts the promax rotation. It can be seen that
the variables 1, 2 and 5 are close to the first factor axes and third variable is close to the second
factor axis. The data is better accomodated in an oblique rotation. The two latent factors can
describe variability of buildings and agriculture, which are having high impact on greenhouse gas
emissions.
Figure. 18
To understand how the rotated and unrotated solutions are related to each

Advantages Of Meta-Analysis In Criminal Justice
Introduction The quantitative and qualitative approaches have been proven to have been struggling
for power to criminal justice and criminological research. These strategies are only devices to help
social researchers comprehend their general surroundings. The debate concerning which approach is
extraordinary turned out to be genuine in its outcomes as the quantitative methodology has increased
high ground in the control. The problem that has been found is that the new quantitative methods are
moving faster than the evolution of an arrange curricula. New procedures can be produced and
spread all through the order far quicker than the managerial maze of college educational module
changes can be explored, In simple terms, this basically means ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Social network is not is not new and it has derived out of three traditions. First which is that
subjective and social therapist of the 1930s, working under the gestalt worldview, inquired about the
structure of the gatherings and also the data stream among the individuals. The second one is the
Harvard anthropologists tried to consider and refine the premises of anthropologists, by
concentrating on interpersonal relations and sub groups inside of the informal community. And the
last one is that Researchers at Manchester University analyzed on tribal social orders utilizing these
studies to advance refine social hypothesis and the investigation of community

RIPA-G:2 Diagnostic Test Evaluation
Ross Information Processing Assessment – Geriatric: Second Edition
(RIPA G:2) Diagnostic Test Critique
General Information
Ross–Swain, D., & Fogle, P.T., (2012). Ross Information Processing Assessment–Geriatric. (2nd
ed.). Austin, TX: Pro–Ed.
No reference was given as to what revisions/changes occurred in the production of the RIPA–G:2
from its previous edition.
Purpose of Test The purpose of the Ross Information Processing Assessment–Geriatric: Second
Edition (RIPA–G:2) is to provide a comprehensive and norm–referenced cognitive–linguistic
assessment instrument that is designed to identify, describe, and quantify cognitive–linguistic
deficits in individuals ages 55 years and older.
Test Composition The RIPA–G:2 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Scoring For every subtest (except for part A of Subtest 6) each response is given a score of 3 when
the response is correct, 2 when the response is partially correct, self–corrected, or correct but
accompanied by irrelevant or tangential information, 1 when the response is an error, perseverated,
or confabulated, or 0 when the response is denied or unintelligible, or no response is elicited. These
scores are in conjunction with the diacritical notations so as to better describe the examinees
performance. For Subtest 6 part A, the examiner should make a note of what strategies the examinee
employs and tally the number of correct objects named. For this part of Subtest 6 the rubric follows
the same 3–0 scale, however the criteria is different. A score of 3 is given when all items are correct
and the total tally of responses is 15 or more, 2 when all responses are self–corrected or the total
tally of responses is 10–14, 1 when there are error responses, perseverations, or denials, or the total
tally of responses is 9 or less, and 0 when the response is unintelligible or no response is elicited.
The RIPA–G:2 produces three types of scores: raw scores, scaled scores, and percentile ranks. The
percentile rank can be converted to a corresponding severity rating that provides a general indication
of the examinee's performance in comparison to others. The raw score is calculated for each subtest
by summing

The use of structural equation modelling (SEM) has...
The use of structural equation modelling (SEM) has steadily increased in behavioural science where
two submodels are identified including a measurement model and a structural model. In this study
the research paradigm indicates and concurrently strives to combine measurement and structural
model for complete parameter tests. SEM is a quantitative data analytical technique which specifies,
estimates and tests theoretical relationships between observed endogenous variables and latent,
unobserved exogenous variables. (Byrne, 2001) The SEM is a statistical methodology that takes a
confirmatory that is, hypothesis testing approach to the analysis of a structural theory. This theory
represents causal processes that generate observations on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Taking the sample sensitivity and model specification into account root mean square error of
approximation (RMSEA), incremental fit index (IFI), Tucker Lewis index or Non–normed fit index
(TLI or NNFI) and comparative fit index (CFI) are considered in this study for evaluating fit
indices. The grounds for reporting these indices as fit measures are discussed in the following
paragraph.
The RMSEA first developed by Steiger and Lind (1980) tells us how well the model with unknown
but optimally chosen parameter estimates would fit the populations' covariation matrix. In recent
years it has been regarded as 'the most informative fit indices' (Diamantopoulos & Siguaw, 2000)
due to its sensitivity to the number of estimated parameters in the model. As it is a parsimony
adjusted index it takes into account the error of approximation which is not affected by sample size
and reduces the stringent requirement on 2 that the model holds exactly in the population.
MacCallum, Browne and Sugawara (1996) have used RMSEA values of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.08 to
indicate excellent, good and mediocre fit, respectively and 0.10 as the cut–off for poor fitting model.
Hulland, Chow and Lam (1996) proposed that RMSEA values between 0.05 and 0.10 are sometimes
considered adequate fit. The current study uses the RMSEA value below and equal to 0.05 to
indicate good fit and a value from

The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath
In the novel, The Bell Jar, the main character, Esther goes through some deep depression that leads
to attempts of suicide, and eventually lands her in several different private hospitals. In Esther's life,
there are many factors, internal and external, that lead to the collapse of her life. The majority of
these factors come from her surroundings. A main part of Esther's life is her writing and her future
as an English major in college. Once she begins to lose her ability to read and write, it takes a big
toll on her character, creating one of the main reasons she becomes depressed. Even the thought of
being sent back home to live with her mother all summer with nothing to do is a big element in her
descent to depression. On top of her ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both of these large failures in Esther's career begin to compile the descent of Esther into her state of
depression. Not only was her writing a big variable in her depression, her family life also played a
big role.
Esther's family life was the second largest factor that lead to her depression. At home, Esther only
lived with her mother; her father had died in the 1940s when she was a child. On top of that, Esther
was not very fond of her mother. Although her mother was nice and meant well, Esther did not like
her, at all. Esther even planned to run away from home to live with Doreen during the beginning of
her depression. Her mother was not Esther's best friend, and now that she was seeing Doctor
Gordon, she did not like the thought of her mother thinking she was insane. "'No." But I didn't like
the idea of Doctor Gordon talking to my mother one bit. I thought he might tell her I should be
locked up. I picked up every scrap of my letter to Doreen, so Doctor Gordon couldn't piece them
together and see I was planning to run away, and walked out of his office without another word"
(135). Esther's mother is trying to do what is right for Esther, but Esther does not like that her mom
even believes she is crazy. Her mom even takes her to the doctor, so she is not on Esther's good side.
Esther believes that she is fine, but between seeing a psychiatrist and her mother thinking she may
be insane, a lot of pressure is place on

Motivation Of Prejudice
In order to determine the psychological factors motivating specific presentations of prejudice in
modern society, Forscher and his associates at the University of Wisconsin–Madison examined the
manifestation of bias at both the covert and overt level. Throughout the article, aptly entitled "The
Motivation to Express Prejudice" Forscher's team deconstruct the amalgamation of various factors
both internal and external that create and inhibit prejudice, and determine how those factors
influence the subtle (and not so subtle) biased behaviors of various persons towards minority
demographics like homosexuals and African–Americans. The article aimed to distinguish between
deliberate, outward prejudice and subconscious, inward prejudice using The ... Show more content
Forscher hoped to reveal the test–retest correlations for his scale and further extend the convergent
and discriminant validity shown in the first three studies. Ideally, the results of the fourth study
would indicate that the prejudice scale should display a legitimate motivation to express prejudice
on behalf of the participants, since the previous three survey studies indicated that prejudice was not
solely dictated by social normativity, but by other internal and external forces. In order to conduct
this study, 891 students (368 male, 523 female; 713 White, 93 Asian, 14 Black, 71 other; 9 gay, 882
non–gay) were measured using the same versions of the MP, IMS and EMS and feeling
thermometers as previous studies. In this survey, which used the same numeric scale as all others in
the research process, students' responses has "good conversion and discriminant validity" according
to Forscher, since they confirmed the indications of the previous studies. Studies 1 through 4
focused on proving the reliability of the prejudice scales, and confirming their conversion and
discriminant validity. The fifth study transitioned into exploring the predictive validity of Forscher's

The Effects Of Stress On Nursing Students ' Academic...
1. Introduction In addition to the challenges experienced in a university context, nursing students
also contend with problems associated with patients, educators, and the hospital environment during
clinical practice. Thus, these aspects contribute to the stress related to being a nursing student
(Karadag et al., 2008). Stress is a factor of key importance because it negatively affects nursing
students ' academic performance and health (Rhead, 1995; Sheu et al., 1997). Consistently, studies
report that nursing students ' self–esteem is negatively affected by stress during the education period
(Boey, 1998; Edwards et al., 2010)andself–confidence and self–esteem are essential factors in
coping with stress. In contrast, high self–esteem is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Consequently, organizing interventions to increase students ' ability to cope with stress during
occupational education is crucial and will offer them protection in terms of developing increased
biopsychosocial health. Many existing studies have examined stress–related factors including those
that affect stress levels and nursing students ' coping ability during their education. However, there
are few modeling studies evaluating the relationships between specific stress variables in this
context (Asberg et al., 2008; Klainin–Yobas et al., 2014). Likewise, in Turkey, no modeling study
has been conducted on stress–related factors in the field of nursing. Thus, in the current modeling
study, we analyze the factors that potentially influence university nursing students ' experience of
stress. 3. Aims and Hypothesis The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between
stress experienced by students ' during their nursing education, stress coping, self–esteem, social
support, and health status. It was hypothesized that nursing students who experienced high stress
levels during their education would cope more negatively with stress and have health complaints if
their self– esteem and social support were low. Overall, this study will provide an important
theoretical basis for intervention studies. 4. Methods 4.1. Design To test the correlations between
variables, this study used a crosssectional,

Influencing Factors for the Selection of Mobile Phone...
African Journal of Business Management Vol.4 (13), pp. 2885–2898, 4 October, 2010 Available
online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM ISSN 1993–8233 ©2010 Academic Journals Full
Length Research Paper Exploring influencing factors for the selection of mobile phone service
providers: A structural equational modeling (SEM) approach on Malaysian consumers Sabbir
Rahman1, Ahasanul Haque1* and Mohd Ismail Sayyed Ahmad2 1 Faculty of Economics and
Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Malaysia, Box No. 10, 50728 Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia. 2 Graduate School of Management, International Islamic University, Malaysia,
Box No. 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Accepted 26 August, 2010 The aim of this paper is to
assess ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now Government of Malaysia plans to have a telephony penetration rate of 50% for the whole
country and 25% for the rural areas by year 2020 (State of Hawaii Government, 2002). Scrutinizing
the background of Malaysian telecommunication sector, competition can be seen as main factor by
the telecommunication service provider companies. Companies like Sapura Digital Sdn. Bhd.,
Celcom and Mobikom Berhad have gone through a market evaluation stating the fact that their
companies either should be merged with giant and more competitive companies or to be gone
through potential bankruptcies. This reflects a fact as how the market is being penetrated and
flooded by the competitors. Only Telekom Malaysia (TM) Sdn. Bhd., with its TM Touch services
has managed to maintain its credible presence in the industry. TM has been ranked as one of the
leading telecommunication service providers in the entire Asia with significant investments in
overseas. Beside TM, three other major companies have been operating in Malaysia namely
Celcom, Digi and Maxis. These three service providers usually cover the following segments of the
Malaysian telecommunication market traditional telecommunications, IP services, wireless and
mobile markets and technologies, broadband markets and technologies. They also provide most
sophisticated mobile services with an expanding number of value added services such as Short
Message Service (SMS), Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), Subscription Services (SS),

Content Validity And Its Effects On The Research Instrument
5.3. Content validity
Haynes et al (1995) describe content validity as the degree of relevance from each elements to their
research instrument. In this research, content validity relates to the relevance of the statements to the
construct that build the model. Since the questionnaire in this research is based on previous research
from experts in this field of study, the statements should have at least acceptable level of content
validity.
5.4. Structural Equation Modelling
Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is a common approach in behavioural sciences to measure
relationships between latent factors or theoretical constructs of observed elements. This model is
known as a mixture of factor analysis and regression or path analysis and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The next criteria requires the model to achieve very low value of chi–square, satisfactory indices
(incremental fit index > 0.9, goodness–of–fit index > 0.9), low root mean square residuals and high
coefficient of determination. Lastly, the final criteria requires the accomplishment of high individual
item and composite reliabilities.
Before implementing model fit evaluation, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) is adopted in this
research because according to Chiou in Wu et al. (2011), if the number of sample did not exceed
200, then the model need to have ideal covariance matrix coefficients. As shown on appendix 6–2,
all factor loadings are between 0.26 and 0.98, all error variances are non–negative and achieved
statistically highly significance level.
Model fit evaluation
For the model fit evaluation, the model has factor loading between 0.26 and 0.96, positive error
variances and also reached level of highly statistically significance. Thus, passing the preliminary fit
criteria. Meanwhile on the overall model fit criteria, as can be seen in table , the proposed model is
achieving almost all of the ideal results. Only two indicators that the model didn't achieved, the
goodness of fit index (GFI) and Adjusted GFI (AGFI). However, the results are not too far from the
ideal results from each measurements and Hooper et al. (2008) mentioned

Albert Bandura vs Raymond Cattell
Cattell was born in a small town in England. After seeing the deaths, and suffering of the people and
soldiers in World War I, Cattell began to have a huge curiosity in trying to fix the problems people
have in their lives by using science. Cattell was very big on personality, his definition of Personality
is" that which permits a prediction of what a person will do in a given situation"(Cattell). Cattells
definition of personality is very different from other theorist. Freud is a great example; Freud's
theory was that personality had three different types the id, the ego, and the super–ego. A person that
has a strong personality can handle whatever happens to them and no matter how tough the
challenge is for them because they are so ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Theses models provide examples of behavior, for the children to observe and imitate. Children tend
to pay attention to most of the models. At a later time in the child's life they may imitate the
behavior that they are surrounded by. This can be related to nurture. Nurture means the things that
us, as humans see in our environment not something we are born with that comes natural to us.
Nature on the other hand is something that we inherit from our genetics. I agree with the study
Bandura conducted I feel as if we do have things that we are just born with, but I feel like the things
that tend to happen around us are really what influence us and make us the way we are. I for one
know that there are many things that I learned just from being observation and watching adults and
people that are older then me like my brother, I watched him do just about everything and
everything he did I wanted to copy and that's why I feel that we as humans tend to be the people we
are by the way we observe things. The movie Kumare is about a fake guru, whose mission is to
show people that "gurus" are not as real as people think they are. Kumare is the person that Vikram
plays to try and show his followers what they need to do. Kumare is expressed in an act of if.
Basically if you as a person think that something is true and is something that you can relate to it no
matter if the religious teachings are not true if you as a person believe that it is true, then it is

The Psychometric Properties Of Connor Davidson Resilience...
Resilience is of great importance for individuals working in complex and instable environments.
Individual Resilience is the ability of the individuals to bounce back and sustain in the facade of
adverse conditions. Research revealed that resilient employees are more likely to be productive,
agile and innovative during the turbulent times, thereby making it essential to have an individual
centric measure of resilience. Many such instruments are available in the literature but there is no
resilience scale widely accepted by researchers and most importantly none of the instrument has
been used to measure the resilience capacity of IT employees. The current study examined the
psychometric properties of Connor–Davidson Resilience scale in the sample of Indian IT
Executives. Data was collected using 25– Item CD–RISC scale from 160 employees of 12 IT firms
located in Chandigarh tricity region. The result of exploratory principal component factor analysis
with varimax rotation and Confirmatory Factor Analysis verified the original five factor structure as
given by Connor and Davidson (2003). In this study 74% of variance was jointly explained by the
five factors. The result supported the dimensionality, reliability (α = 0.85) and validity of the CD–
RISC scale for measuring the IT Executives resilience. The results of the study helps in representing
individual resilience as first order construct made up of 5 dimensions: Personal competence, High
standards and Tenacity, Trust in

Factors Affecting Usefulness of Social Networking in...
Factors Affecting the Usefulness of Social Networking in E–learning at German University of
Technology in Oman Revinson G. Martin "what are the factors affecting the usefulness of social
networking in e–learning at GUtech"? This will help the university administrator, students, and
educators to know the value of social networking in e–learning and will help and guide those who
develop, implement, and deliver e–learning systems. There are many social networking sites
available that the researcher perceived to be useful in the academe. However, the researcher have
used Facebook group for this study because of its popularity to the students and educators of
GUtech. II. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The TAM developed by Davis is one of the most ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However in Oman, some in the academe have not caught up with the social networking trends.
Sometimes the use of the technology in the classroom is not allowed. Few traditional educators use
the technology when they are communicating with their own colleagues. Everyday many students
are spending countless hours immersed in popular technologies–such as Facebook or Twitter–which
at first glance may seem like a waste of time, and brain cells. But the social networking technology
deserves a second, deeper look at what is actually going on [2]. GUtech is currently using a moodle–
based e–learning management system to help educators create online courses and support to
students. The university would not allow the educators and students to use social networking like
Facebook for some safety and cultural reasons. Social networking if properly used would bring
endless possibilities of online collaboration resulting good effects to the students. To effectively
implement social networking in e–learning, the students and educators of GUtech need to use it and
integrate testing and assessment tools throughout the learning process. This study extended the TAM
and answered the question PEU Fig.1. Technology Acceptance Model III. REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE There were researchers that have continuously reported that the TAM was very
useful in predicting and explaining technology use in various

Advantages Of Multi-Objective Optimization
ICEMMM2018 – Paper ID: MMM164
15–16 February 2018, SSN College of Engineering, Chennai
Multi–Objective Optimization using Taguchi's Loss Function based Principal Component Analysis
in Electrochemical Discharge Machining of Micro–Channels on Borosilicate Glass with Direct and
Hybrid Electrolytes
Jinka Ranganayakulu1* and P. V. Srihari1
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, R. V. College of Engineering, Bengaluru – 560 059,
Karnataka, India
*jinka.ranganayakulu@gmail.com,pvsrihari@gmail.com
Abstract. Machining of hard and brittle materials like borosilicate glass has imposed challenges due
to its low machinability. Among various non–traditional machining methods electrochemical
discharge machining (ECDM) or spark assisted chemical engraving ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Wuthrich, R., Spaelter, U., Wu, Y., Bleuler, H.: A syatematic characterization method for gravity–
feed micro–hole drilling in glass with spark assisted chemical engraving (SACE), J. Micromech.
Microeng. 16, 1891–1896 (2006).
3. Mousa, M., Allagui, A., Ng, H.D., Wuthrich, R.: The effect of thermal conductivity of the tool
electrode in spark–assisted chemical engraving gravity–feed micro–drilling, J. Micromech.
Microeng. 19, 015010 (7pp) (2009).
4. Han, M.S., Min, B.K., Jo Lee, S.: Modelling gas film formation in electrochemical discharge
machining processes using a side–insulated electrode, J. Micromech. Microeng. 18, 045019 (2008).
5. Mallik, B., Sarkar, B.R., Doli, B., Bhattachryya, B.: Multi criteria optimization of
Electrochemical Discharge Micro–machining process during micro–channel generation on glass,
Applied Mechanics and Materials. 592–594, 525–529 (2014).
6. Jonathan, W., Amol., J.: ECDM methods for fludic interfacing through thin glass substrates and
the formation of spherical microcavities, J. Micromech. Microeng. 17, 403–409 (2007).
7. Zhi–Ping, Z., Wei–Hsin, C., Fuang–Yuan, H., Biing–Hwa, Y.: 3D microstructuring of Pyrex glass
using the electrochemical discharge machining process, J. Micromech. Microeng. 17, 960–966

Reliability Analysis Of Refined Model With 25 Items And 5...
Reliability Analysis
The reliability analysis of refined model with 25 items and 5 factors was undertaken to verify how
strongly the attributes are associated with each other. (Hair et al., 2010). Cronbach's alpha for the
full scale came to be 0.851 .The reliability test is deemed to be acceptable when the Cronbach's
Alpha value exceeds the Nunnally's reliability criterion of 0.70 level (Hair et al., 2010). Dimension
wise the value of Cronbach's Alpha came to be 0.903 for Personal competence, High standards and
Tenacity (Factor1), 0.867 for Trust in one's instincts, Tolerance of negative affect and the
Strengthening effects of stress (Factor2), 0.932 for Positive acceptance of change and Secure
relationships with others (Factor 3), 0.752 for Control (Factor 4) and 0.812 for Spiritual influences
(Factor 5). (Refer Table 4).
[Insert Table 4 here]
Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Confirmatory factor analysis using Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation was used to examine the
hypothesis regarding number of factors their loadings and factor inter correlations. For assessing the
model fit the independence model was compared to the hypothesized model. Results revealed that
the independence model, which tests the hypothesis that all variables are uncorrelated, was a poor fit
for the data and therefore, it should be rejected, χ²(300,N=152)=2814.908,p< 0.005. The literature
reveals that ideally, the χ² value should be small and its associated probability value should be
greater than

The Career Path Of Attending College
The options for a career are endless and it can be problematic to choose from all of those choices.
No matter which option is chosen, the general populace and their frustrating traits are a constant
dilemma that must be faced every day. After choosing the path that will be taken, the next choice to
make is how to best prepare for that path. Attending college is the best way to prepare for just about
any career, and it generally creates the best outcomes and the greatest opportunity to have a good
future. The challenge, as stated before, will be in dealing with other people, whether it be
subordinates, peers, or supervisors. Psychology will help in the understanding of myself and others
and can help me be more productive in the workplace. The first career path that I chose to take was
to be a soldier, but now I will embark on a different path, that of an educational psychologist.
Studying psychology will help me to understand the complex mental processes that students have
with their learning disabilities. I will be able to apply my understanding of human behavior to
various instances and use my knowledge to help students in their everyday lives. Communication is
vital in every aspect of life and by helping students develop a better understanding of
communication skills, I can increase the effectiveness of their communication efforts with others.
Verbal communication is the most advantageous mode of correspondence that we as humans
possess, but there are those who are not

Knowledge Transfer Advantages And Disadvantages
CHAPTER – 5 DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS Introduction This chapter summarizes the
analytical findings and draws conclusions. The findings and the relevance of them for
implementation and limitations and scope for further research are described. This study on
knowledge transfer, a process in the overall schema of knowledge management, as fostering
continual improvement of the organization was done at High Pressure Boiler Plant of Bharat Heavy
Electricals Limited Tiruchirappalli. Knowledge transfer is studied in conjunction with other
processes of knowledge management knowledge creation, knowledge storage and knowledge
management practices as they exist in BHEL. A self–administered questionnaire survey was carried
out. 100 fully filled responses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is more so in Knowledge management as knowledge creation and transfer are largely depend
on cognitive processes exercised by the human brain and what is more involves socio–cultural
interactions that IT remains unable to capture. Rightly, Mohamed et al. conclude: "IT as a utopian
panacea will fail. Equally, the KM initiative that undervalues IT will follow suit". The socio–cultural
interactions in knowledge transfer are the most amorphous and form the bulk of tacit knowledge. To
capture the inclinations of respondents on them, the following statements were provided in the
questionnaire. Wasko and Faraj explain using social capital theory that a strong culture embedded in
network favors knowledge sharing. "People contribute their knowledge when they perceive that it
enhances their professional reputations, when they have the experience to share, and when they are
structurally embedded in the network. Surprisingly, contributions occur without regard to
expectations of reciprocity from others or high levels of commitment to the

Determination of Brand Personality Dimensions for a Laptop...
Rev. Integr. Bus. Econ. Res. Vol 1(1)
114
DETERMINATION OF BRAND
PERSONALITY DIMENSIONS FOR A
LAPTOP COMPUTER USING AAKER'S
BRAND PERSONALITY SCALE
Mohd Shoki. Bin Md.Ariff*
Faculty of Management and Human Resource
Development,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia m–shoki@utm.my Ooi Teck Lim
Norhayati Zakuan
Nawawi Ishak
Faculty of Management and Human Resource Development,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
Khalid Ismail
Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia lidkha_515@yahoo.com Abstract
This research was conducted to (i) identify brand personality dimensions of a laptop computer
amongst computer science students; (ii) examine significant differences in the brand personality
dimensions of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Specifically, in the first objective, we looked to see if this laptop computer brand have a brand
personality and the second objective is to identify how this personality differs according to the
demographic background of its users and users of other brands.
Lastly, in the third objective we investigated the relationship between the laptop computer brand's
perceived personality and its perceived quality ratings.
2.0
2.1
LITERATURE REVIEW
What is brand personality?
As defined by Aaker (1997), brand personality refers to the set of human characteristics associated
with a brand. Aaker assumes that the brands are the same with the human personality or character,

and the brand personality is created when a consumer attached his or her personality–like character
to a specific brand. According to Hawkins, et al (2001), brand personality can be considered as
"what type of person the brand would be if it were human and what it would do and like".
Copyright  2012 Society of Interdisciplinary Business Research (www.sibresearch.org)
Rev. Integr. Bus. Econ. Res. Vol 1(1)
2.2
116
Brand as a person/symbolic use
As suggested by Aaker (1997), brand personality is created in the perspective of brand as a person.
It has the same concept with Hawkins, Best, and Coney (2001) where they assume that the brand to
be a human and every human has his own personality.
Beyond such

Evaluating and Criticizing the Positive and Negative...
In the field of Psychology, more specifically health–behavioral research, there has been resounding
interest in the structure and measurement of, what the psychological community refers to as, affect.
Affect refers to how we, as humans, "experience emotion" and can be broken down into two
dominant affective state dimensions, positive and negative affect (Hogg, Abrams, & Martin, 2010)
(Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988). According to Watson, Clark, & Tellegen (1988), positive affect
(PA) refers to how enthusiastic and active a person is and negative affect (NA) refers to a general
dimension of distress and displeasure. Tellegen (1985) claims that not only do these terms refer to
affective state, but also affective trait dimensions, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The tripartite model, unlike the status quo, "posits that in addition to the common factor of negative
affectivity there are specific components" of depression and anxiety that can better differentiate
between the two. These specific factors, which were incorporated into the items of the PANAS by
Watson et al (1988), include physiological hyperarousal and low PA (anhedonia). To test these
predictions, Watson & Clark (1991) administered the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire
(MASQ), a questionnaire consisting of three depression and anxiety scales as well as two more
specific scales, to multiple student, adult, and patient samples. The results of this study revealed that
the specific measures had extremely high discriminant validity compared to the general measures,
supporting the validity of the tripartite model. As a result of its foundation in the tripartite model, the
PANAS has been shown to be effective at differentiating between depression and anxiety in clinical
samples, which explains why it is largely utilized in clinical settings (Dyck, Jolly, and Kramer,
1994). Additionally, a study by Crawford & Henry (2004) evaluated the relationship between the
PANAS and other measures of anxiety and depression (HADS and the DASS, respectively),
revealing that the PANAS has high convergent validity with measures

Here, Y. Denotes The Five Observed Indicators, Tau. Is
Here, y denotes the five observed indicators, au is intercept for each of the indicators, lambda is the
factor loadings, eta is latent variables and e is random measurement error for each of the indicators.
Furthermore, since this model applies effect coding by not fixing the first loading for each factor to
be 0, it is given that lambda_{1ij}+lambda_{2ij}+lambda_{3ij}=3 and
lambda_{4ij}+lambda_{5ij}=2 .
When comparing groups, the multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) method is applied,
thereby allowing for comparison of parameter estimates between countries. However, such
comparison depends on the parameters being measurement invariant across all groups. As
mentioned in previous studies (Ariely and Davidov, 2011), ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In the results section, I am going to show the different measurement invariance models.
In order to determine whether national political trust (NPT) and supranational political trust (SPT)
can be regarded as two empirically distinct concepts, it is necessary to test a one–factor model
encompassing all five indicators against the proposed two–factor model shown in Figure 1. When
examining the MGCFA models, different methods of assessing goodness–of–fit is applied. First, the
raw chi–squared value for the model of interest is reported. However, it has been shown that
inferences based on the raw chi–squared values tend to favour problematic models when the sample
size is small and reject sensible models when the sample size is large (Hooper et. al, 2008). In this
case, where the sample size is almost 30,000, it is expected that an increase in model complexity
will lead to a significant increase in chi–squared value. Second, the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) is
reported, where values above 0.95 is considered 'good model fit' (Hu and Bentler, 1999). When
comparing competing models, Chen (2007) suggests that a decrease in CFI of less than 0.01 is
acceptable. Finally, the two absolute fit measures, namely the Root Mean Square Error of
Approximation (RMSEA) and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) are used for
model comparison.

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