Cognitive behavioral approaches combine cognitive and behavioral principles in short-term therapy. Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) emphasizes challenging irrational beliefs, though some cultures value interdependence over independence. When using REBT cross-culturally, therapists should modify how they assess and dispute clients' irrational beliefs based on their cultural backgrounds. Cognitive behavioral group therapy is structured and focuses on teaching clients cognitive strategies through homework and in-session exercises led by the directive therapist. The cognitive model posits that automatic thoughts influence reactions, and cognitive techniques aim to replace dysfunctional thoughts with more adaptive alternatives.

1. Cognitive
Behavioral
Approaches
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2.  “... affects the issues that
members bring to a group
and the ways in which they
might be either ready or
reluctant to explore these
issues”.
--Corey, 2010

10. - a result of the
dissatisfaction
with his practice of
psychoanalysis
and with person-
centered therapy

11. “People are
disturbed not by
things, but by
their view of
things.”
Epictetus

12. Taken from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9ezZIkxR74&feature=related

13. Taken from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v9ezZIkxR74&feature=related

14.  Rational Emotive Behavior
Therapy
 It emphasizes self-sufficiency
as opposed to dependency on the
support of others .
 ManyAsian cultures and even
African cultures promote
interdependence rather than
independence stressing reliance
on the family and the individual’s
community (Sapp cited in
Sharf, 2008).

15.  Modify assessment of clients’
irrational beliefs –this, then, affects
their decision as to which beliefs are
irrational and warrant disputation.
 Since Asians tend to be less assertive
as compared to their Western
counterparts (Chung & Gale, cited in
Chang, 2011), therapists should
encourage clients to participate
actively.

16.  Women are subject to a number of gender-
role socialization messages that
promote irrational beliefs (Wolfe & Naimark,
1991,p.270 cited in Sharf, 2008).
 For example: “Nice, sweet girls get
husbands”.
 Associated Irrational Belief: “I must not act
assertively in front of men. I must not put
my desires first”.

17.  Another example: “For women,
work is nice, but love is better”.
 Associated Irrational Belief:
“I must not take my work too
seriously.”
(Wolfe & Naiman, 1991, p. 269 cited
in Sharf, 2008).

18.  With these societal expectations,
therapists should encourage their
female clients to challenge sex-role
stereotypes in their relationships
with men, with family, and in
community activities (Wolfe &
Naimark, 1991 cited in Sharf, 2008).
 Therapists should also encourage
women to develop greater self-
acceptance and acceptance of
others.

19.  The Rational-Emotive group is
leader-centered (Gladding,
2008).
 Asians tend to show more
respect to guiding authorities
or mentors.
 Asians tend to be more
conforming, compliant and
into social learning than their
counterparts in Western
Cultures (Chang, 2011).

20.  The essentials of REBT can be
taught quickly to counselors and
clients alike.
 REBT’ s versatility: women’s
sexuality, aging, authority,
dependency, power and risk-taking.
 Opportunities that REBT provides
for members to do homework
assignments.
(Gladding, 2008)

21.  REBT’s traditional focus is
on the individual, not the
group (Wessler & Hankin,
1988 cited in Gladding,
2008).
 Group members learn a lot
about their ability to
control thoughts but they
do not usually learn a lot
about group dynamics.

22.  REBT’s approach = confrontive and
directive stance

23.  REBT’s approach = confrontive and
directive stance

24.  Group leaders and members may push a
member to get rid of faulty beliefs and adopt
new thought patterns before he or she is
ready.
 This trade-off may not be in the best interest
of the participant(Gladding ,2008).

25.  Cognitive Behavior Therapy
 Therapy which combines both cognitive and
behavioral principles and methods in a short-
term treatment approach
 A.Ellis - REBT
 D.Meichenbaum – CBT
 A.Beck - CT

26.  Similarities with REBT & BehaviorTherapy
 Active
 Directive
 Time-limited
 Present-centred
 Collaborative
 Structured
 Empirical
 Make use of homework
 Require explicit identification of problems and
situations

27. c b
t
The Cognitive Model
Core Beliefs
Intermediate Beliefs
(rules, attitudes, assumptions)
Automatic thoughts

28. c b
t
Relationship of Behavior to Automatic thoughts
Situation
Automatic thoughts
(situation specific)
Reactions
(emotional, physiological, behavioral)

29.  In cognitive group therapy, changes come not
as a result of factors that arise from group
interaction but as a result of clients making
use of strategies that are consistent with the
cognitive model. (Sharf , 2008)

30.  Each group session tends to be centered on
structured and problem-oriented changes
 It would be appropriate to before each
session to use measures of change (BDI) to
monitor alternatives and symptoms
 Setting goals is part of all phases of
treatment (checking in, setting the agenda,
generating adaptive responses, developing &
discussing homework)

31.  Interventions in group tend to be specific
 Different techniques used by different
therapists.
 Experimenting with new alternatives to old
problems is, both within & outside the group,
is very important.

32.  For successful therapy Group cohesion and
task focus must be present
 To bring about task focus and cohesions,
therapist should model participation and
collaboration

33.  Therapist may take a directing role, not in the
sense of telling group members what to do
but in the sense of organizing the group
 Group members collaborate with the
therapist to suggest new ways of thinking
and new behaviours to try out.
 Cognitive therapists conduct group standing
and writing notes on a black board.

34.  Therapist may take a directing role, not in the
sense of telling group members what to do
but in the sense of organizing the group
 Group members collaborate with the
therapist to suggest new ways of thinking and
new behaviours to try out.
 Cognitive therapists conduct group standing
and writing notes on a black board.
 Particularly in the beginning, the therapist
takes responsibility for teaching new ways of

35.  Once upon a time there was a man who was
very afraid of snakes. He went for out for a
walk in the twilight hours and his face brushed
past a rope that was hanging from a tree. He
died of shock.
 Who killed the man? Could it be a rope? But a
rope is harmless! Could it be a snake? But
there was none?

36. What is the rope
in your life?

37. Two levels
 The fruit of your action (KarmaPhal) you can
alter your whole destiny by choosing to act
differently
 The rope and the snake - 'rajja-sarpa' - the
metaphor of a rope being mistaken for a
snake is often used to show how the
ignorance of man's mind can project illusion.

38. Chang, L. et. al. (2011). Cultural Adaptations to environmental variability: an
evolutionary account of east-west differences. Educational Psychology
Review, volume 23, 1.
Corey, M. (2010). Groups: process and practice, eighth edition, USA:
Brooks/Cole,Cengage Learning.
Corey, M. (2006). Groups: process and practice, seventh edition, USA:
Thomson Brooks/Cole.
Gladding, S. (2008).Groups: a counseling specialty, fifth edition, USA:
Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.
Sharf, R. (2008).Theories of psychotherapy and counseling, concepts and
cases, fourth edition, USA:Thomson Brooks/Cole.

39. Thank you very much!!!