2. Cognitive Behavior Therapy
(CBT)
CBT is a form of treatment that combines
the elements of Behavior Therapy (BT) and
Cognitive Therapy (CT)
• BT examines the way your actions affect
your mental health
• CT looks at the way your thoughts about
yourself and others do the same thing
When used together as part of a combined
treatment, CBT examines the way your
thoughts, behaviors, and emotions
influence
each other and your overall mental health
3. History of CBT
• Pioneered by Dr. Aaron T. Beck in the 1960’s
while he was a psychiatrist at the University
of Pennsylvania
• Dr. Beck designed and carried out
experiments to test psychoanalytic concepts
of depression
• He found that depressed patients
experienced streams of negative thoughts
and named these cognitions “automatic
thoughts”
4. A New Concept of
Depression
“Automatic Thoughts”
• Critical thoughts that you frequently think and
say to yourself.
• Thoughts which sabotage your success &
happiness
• Thoughts which make you feel sad or anxious
• Can occur consciously or without any
awareness that you’re thinking them.
“I don’t deserve anything good happening to
me.” “Why bother trying, I’m just going to fail.”
5. Common Distortions
• Overgeneralization: Making broad negative conclusions about life
based on limited situations
• Minimization and magnification: Discounting the positive and
enlarging the negative
• Arbitrary inferences: Making negative conclusions based on little
evidence
• Selective abstractions: Focusing on one negative detail instead of
the larger picture
• Personalization: Identifying yourself as the cause of a negative
event, whether it’s true or not
6. Goals of CBT
• To challenge clients to confront their faulty
beliefs with contradictory evidence that they
gather and evaluate
• Help clients seek out their dogmatic beliefs
and minimize them
• Help clients become aware of automatic
thoughts and learn to change them
8. Albert Ellis -REBT
• Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy
• REBT views humans beings as ‘responsibly
hedonistic’ in the sense that they strive to
remain alive and to achieve some degree of
happiness. However, it also holds that humans
are prone to adopting irrational beliefs and
behaviors which stands in the way of them
achieving their goals and purposes.
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• Stresses thinking, judging, deciding, analyzing,
doing - all done by the client.
• REBT assumes that emotions and our behaviors
interact and have a reciprocal cause-and-effect
relationship.
• Highly didactic, very direct, and feels that
thinking is as important as feeling.
• Teaches us that our emotions stem mainly from
our beliefs, evaluations, interpretations, and
reactions to real life situations.
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10. Beck’s Cognitive Triad
As relating to Depression
• Clients have negative views of themselves
• Selective Abstraction(world we live in is a bad place)
• Clients see no good in their future
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11. The A-B-C Theory of Personality
The theory believes:
A. That there is an Activating Event
B. Belief client believes
C. Consequences (for our actions)
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1. Self-observation
2. Starting a new dialogue
3. Learning new skills
12. CBT Use for LCDC and
Clients
1. Can reduce the availability to drug or trigger
mechanism.
2. Promotes non use of drug with a positive and
negative consequences risk.
3. Helps with a relapse plan.
4. Helps identify thoughts about the substance.
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Donald Meichenbaums
CBM
• Developed CBM technique
(dysfunctional self-talk)
• Emphasis is on acquiring coping skills
• Believes distressing emotions are
typically the results of maladaptive
thoughts
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Criticisms of CBT
• Seems to confuse symptoms of depression with cognitive causes
• Negative views of traumatic experience are normal and this
therapy focuses on reframing reality rather than changing it
• Positive self-evaulations can be more destructive
• Doesn’t answer the question of why an individual chooses ‘self-
blaming’ bias opposed to ‘self-serving’ bias
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16. R e fe re n ce s
S u n , K . ( M arch , 2 , 2 009). F ou r D raw b ack s of
Cogn i ti ve T h e rap y. Ps ych ology T od ay.
R e tri e ve d from
h ttp ://w w w .p s ych ologytod ay.com /b log/th e -ju s ti
M i lle r, Ge rald i n e A. ( 2 005 ). Learningthe Language of
A ddiction Counseling, 2nd ed. N e w York , N Y: Joh n Wi le y
& S on s .
Wood , Je ffre y C. Ps y.D . an d Wood , M i n n i e R N ,N P.
( 2 008). Therapy 10 A B rief Look atModern Psychotherapy
1:
Techniques &HowThey Can Help. Oak lan d , CA: N e w
H arb i n ge r Pu b li cati on s , I n c.
h ttp ://w w w .b e ck i n s ti tu te .org
