sự hoà hợp

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CHUYÊN ĐỀ 5
SỰ HOÀ HỢP GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENTS
I. Các quy tắc
Quy tắc chung:
Chủ ngữ là danh từ số ít hoặc danh từ không đếm được đi cùng động từ số ít và chủ ngữ số nhiều đi
cùng
động từ số nhiều.
Tuy nhiên, đôi khi chủ ngữ còn hoà hợp với động từ tuỳ theo ý tưởng diễn đạt hoặc danh từ/đại từ
đứng trước theo các quy tắc nhất định. Sau đây là một số quy tắc cơ bản về sự hoà hợp giữa chủ
ngữ và động từ:
Quy tắc 1: Khi hai danh từ nối nhau bằng chữ "and" thì động từ chia số nhiều.
Ví dụ:
- My sister and I like listening to classical music.
TRỪ các trường hợp sau thì lại dùng số ít:
* Khi chúng cùng chỉ một người, một bộ, hoặc một món ăn:
Ví dụ:
- The professor and the secretary are on business, (ông giáo sư và người thư kí là hai người khác
nhau.)
- The professor and secretary is on business, (ông giáo sư kiêm thư kí là một người.)
- Salt and pepper is…… (muối tiêu - xem như một món muối tiêu.)
- Bread and meat is. (bánh mì thịt - xem như một món bánh mì thịt.)
Quy tắc 2: Sau "Each, Every, Many a…. " + V (số ít)
Ví dụ:
- Each person is allowed 20kg luggage.
- Every student is told about the changes of the timetable.
- Many a politician has promised to make
changes. Quy tắc 3: Sau "To infinitive/Ving"
+ V (số ít) Ví dụ:
- To jog/ Jogging every day is good for your health.
Quy tắc 4: Mệnh đề danh từ + V (số ít)
Ví dụ:
- What you have said is not true.
- That tree lose their leaves is a sign of winter.
Quy tắc 5; Tựa đê + V (số ít)
Ví dụ: "Tom and Jerry" is my son's favorite cartoon.
Quy tắc 6: Danh từ kết thúc là “s” nhưng dùng số ít
* Danh từ tên môn học:
Physics (Vật lí), Mathematics (Toán), Economics (Kinh tế học), Linguistics (Ngôn ngữ học),
Politics (Chính trị học), Genetics (Di truyền học), Phonetics (Ngữ âm học)....
* Danh từ tên môn thể thao:

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Athletics (Điền kinh), Billiards (Bi-da), Checkers (Cờ đam), Darts (Phóng lao trong nhà), Dominoes
(Đô
mi nô)...
* Danh từ tên các căn bệnh: Measles (sởi), Mumps (quai bị), Diabetes (tiểu đường), Rabies (bệnh
dại),
Shingles (bệnh lở mình), Rickets (còi xương)....
* Cụm danh từ chỉ kích thước, đo lường: Two pounds is…. (2 cân)
* Cụm danh từ chỉ khoảng cách: Ten miles is(10 dặm)
* Cụm danh từ chỉ thời gian: Ten years is … (10 năm)
* Cụm danh từ chỉ số tiền: Ten dollars is (10 đô la)
* Cụm danh từ chỉ tên một số quốc gia, thành phố: The United States (Nước Mỹ), the Philippines
(nước
Phi-lip-pin), Wales, Marseilles, Brussels, Athens, Paris....
Quy tắc 7; Danh từ không kết thúc bằng “s" nhưng dùng số nhiều
Ví dụ:
People (người), cattle (gia súc), police (cảnh sát), army (quân đội), children (trẻ em), women (phụ nữ),
men (đàn ông), teeth (răng), feet (chân), mice (chuột)...
Quy tắc 8; The + adj = N (chỉ người) + V (số. nhiều)
Ví dụ:
- The blind are the people who can't see anything.
Quy tắc 9: Hai danh từ nối nhau bằng cấu trúc: "either ... or, neither... nor, not only but
aslo" thì
động từ chia theo chủ ngữ gần nó nhất.
Ví dụ:
- Neither she nor her children were inherited from the will.
- Either they or their son is not allowed to come in.
- Not only she but also her friends are going to the cinema.
Quy tắc 10: Các danh từ nối nhau bằng: as well as, with, together with, along with,
accompanied by thì chia động từ theo danh tìt phía trước.
Ví dụ:
- She as well as I is going to university this year. (Chia theo "she")
- Mrs. Smith together with her sons is away for holiday. (Chia theo "Mrs. Smith")
Quy tắc 11: Hai danh từ nối nhau bằng "of"
* Hai danh từ nối với nhau bằng "of" thì chia theo danh từ phía trước nhưng nếu danh từ phía
trước là "some, all, most, majority, enough, minority, half, phân số, phần trăm".... thì lại phải
chia theo danh từ phía sau.
Ví dụ:
- The study of how living things work is called philosophy. (Chia theo "study")
- Some of the students are late for class. (Nhìn trước chữ "of" gặp "some" nên chia theo chữ phía
sau là students)
- Most of the water is polluted, (phía trước là most nên chia theo danh từ chính đứng sau là water)
* Lưu ý:

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Nếu các từ trên đứng một mình thì phải suy nghĩ xem nó là đại diện cho danh từ nào, nếu danh từ
đó đếm được thì dùng số nhiều, ngược lại dùng số ít.

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Ví dụ:
- The majority think that... (đa số nghĩ rằng...): ta suy ra rằng để "suy nghĩ" được phải là danh từ
nhiều.
Quy tắc 12: "A number" và "The
number" A number of+ N (số nhiều) + V
(số nhiều) The number of+ N (số nhiều) +
V (số ít)
Ví dụ:
- A number of students are going to the class picnic.
(Rất nhiều sinh viên sẽ đi picnic cùng lớp.)
- The number of days in a week is seven.
(Số lượng ngày trong tuần là 7.)
Quy tắc 13: Một số danh từ chỉ tập hợp
Bao gồm các từ như: "family, staff, team, group, congress, crowd, committee ..."
Nếu chỉ về hành động của từng thành viên thì dùng động từ số nhiều, nếu chỉ về tính chất của tập
thể đó như một đơn vị thì dùng động từ số ít
Ví dụ:
- The family are having breakfast. (Ý nói từng thành viên trong gia đình đang ăn sáng).
- The family is very conservative. (Chỉ tính chất của tập thể gia đình đó như là một đơn vị).
Quy tắc 14: Cấu trúc với "there"
Cấu trúc với "there" thì ta chia động từ chia theo danh từ phía sau:
Ví dụ:
- There is a book on the table. (Chia theo "a book")
- There are two books on the table. (Chia theo "books")
* Chú ý:
There is a book and two pens on the table, (vẫn chia theo "a book")
Quy tắc 15: Đối với mệnh đề quan hệ thì chia động từ theo danh từ trong mệnh đề chính
Ví dụ:
One of the girls who go out is very good. (Chia theo "the girls")
Quy tắc 17: Những danh từ luôn chia số nhiêu
* Một số từ như "pants" (quần dài ở Mĩ, quần lót ở Anh), "trousers" (quần), "pliers" (cái kìm),
"scissors" (cái kéo), "shears" (cái kéo lớn - dùng cắt lông cừu, tỉa hàng rào), "tongs" (cái kẹp) thì
đi với động từ số nhiều.
* Tuy nhiên, khi có từ "A pair of/ Two pairs of..." đi trước các danh từ này, đứng làm chủ từ, thì
chia
động từ số
ít.
Ví dụ:
- The scissors are very sharp. (Cái kéo rất sắc bén.)

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- A pair of scissors was left on the table. (Cái kéo được người ta để lại trên bàn.)
Quy tắc 18: Với đại từ bất định thì động từ theo sau chia ở số ít
Đại từ bất định là những từ sau: Some one, any one, no one, every one, something, anything,
everything, nothing,...
Ví dụ:
- Everything seems perfect. (Mọi thứ dường như hoàn hảo.)
- Nobody loves me. (Chả có ai yêu tôi cả.)
Quy tắc 19: Với chủ ngữ có “no”"
Nếu sau “no" là danh từ số ít thì động từ chia số ít.
Nếu sau "no" là danh từ số nhiều thì động từ chia số nhiều.
Ví dụ:
- No money has been invested for this company for 2 months.
- No lessons were given to us by our teacher this morning.
Quy tắc 20: Cấu trúc đảo ngữ với cụm từ trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn
Khi cụm trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn được đặt lên đầu câu, động từ hoà hợp với (cụm) danh từ đứng sau
động từ.
Ví dụ:
On the top of the hill is a temple. (Trên đỉnh của quả đồi có một ngôi đền đặt ở đó).
Quy tắc 21: Sau none of/either of/neither of/one of động từ chia ở dạng số ít
Ví dụ: None of my children has blue eyes.
II.Bài tập áp dụng
Exercise 1: Chọn dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
1. The trousers you bought for me (doesn't/ don't) fit me.
2. Physics (was/ were) my best subject at school.
3. Fortunately the news (wasn't/ weren't) as bad as we had expected.
4. The police (wants/ want) to interview Fred about a robbery.
5. Three days (isn't/ aren't) long enough for a good holiday.
6. Where (does/ do) your family live?
7. England (have/ has) lost all their football matches this season.
8. (Does/ Do) the police know about the stolen money?
9. Can I borrow your scissors? Mine (isn't/ aren't) sharp enough,
10.I'm going to take a taxi. Six miles (is/ are) too far for me to walk.
11.John, along with twenty friends, (is/ are) planning a party.
12.The picture of the soldiers (bring/ brings) back a lot of memories.
13.If the duties of these officers (isn't/ aren't) reduced, there will not be enough time to finish the
project.
14.Advertisements on television (is/ are) becoming more competitive than ever before.
15.Living expenses in this country, as well as in many others, (is/are) at an all-time high.
16. Mr. Jones, accompanied by several members of the committee, (have/ has) proposed some
changes of the rules.
17.The levels of intoxication (vary/ varies) from subject to subject.

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18.Neither Bill nor Mary (is/ are) going to the play tonight.
19.Anything (is/ are) better than going to another movie tonight.
20.Skating (is/ are) becoming more popular every day.
Exercise 2: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc
1. A number of reporters (be) at the conference yesterday.
2. Anybody who (have) a fever must go home immediately.
3. Your glasses (be) on the bureau last night.
4. There (be) some people at the meeting last night.
5. The committee already [reach) a decision.
6. A pair of jeans (be) in the washing machine this morning.
7. Each student (answer) the first three questions.
8. Either John or his wife (make) breakfast every morning.
9. After she had perused the material, the secretary thought that everything (be) in order.
10.The crowd at the basketball game (be) wild with excitement.
11.A pack of wild dogs (frighten) all the ducks away.
12.The jury (be) trying to reach a decision.
13.The army (have) eliminated this section of the training test.
14.The number of students who have withdrawn from class this quarter (be) appalling.
15.There (have) been too many interruptions in this class.
16.Every elementary school teacher (have) to take this examination.
17.Neither Jill nor her parents (see) this movie before.
18.There (be) no girls in this class.
19.There (be) no key for this door.
20.80% of the students (have) voted.
Exercise 4: Điền vào mỗi chỗ trống sau một động từ thích hợp
1. No smoking or drinking allowed during work time.
2. Indians a lot of junk food.
3. More than one student late for class this morning.
4. The United Nations found in 1945.
5. A number of boys swimming in the lake, but I didn't know the exact number of them.
6. One and a half day what I need.
7. There still the possibility of heavy rain and high winds.
8. Politi cs a constant source of interest to me.
9. The pilot as well as all the passengers rescued from the crash.
10.Half of the cookies been eaten.
Bài 1: Choose the correct answer
1. At the end of the fall (comes/come) the hard tests.
2. The hard tests (comes/come) at the end of the fall.
3. Both of my roommates (has/have) decided to live in the dorms.
4. Both of the dogs (has/have) collars.
5. Each of the students (is/are) responsible for doing his or her work.
6. Either my mother or my brothers (is/are) going to sell the car.
7. Neither my sisters nor my father (is/are) going to sell the house.
8. Either the boy or the girls (walk/walks) into the room.
9. Either the girls or the boy (walk/walks) into the room.

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10.Everyone (has/have) done his or her homework.
11.Mary and John usually (plays/play) together.
12.Neither the dogs nor the cat (is/are) very hungry.
13.The samples on the tray in the lab (need/needs) testing.
14.The slaughter of animals for their fur (has/have) caused controversy.
15.The student, as well as his teacher, (was/were) going on the field trip.
Bài 2: Find and correct the error in these sentences
1. Batik cloth from Bali, blue and white ceramics from Cambodia, and a bocce ball from Turin
has made Hannah’s room the talk of the dorm.
2. Leah is the only one of the many applicants who has the ability to step into this job.
3. Measles are a contagious childhood disease.
4. Neither the explorer nor his companions was ever seen again.
5. Not until my interview with Dr Smith was other possibilities opened to me.
6. One of the main reasons for elephant poaching are the profits received from selling ivory
tusks.
7. The board of directors, ignoring the wishes of the neighbourhood, have voted to allow
further development.
8. The presence of certain bacteria in our bodies are one of the factors that determines our
overall health.
Bài 3: Fill in the blank with the correct form of the word
1. Anyone who (want) ______ to try out (need) ______ to make an appointment.
2. Each of the barrels (be) ______ full. Each one (need) ______ to be inspected. They (be)
______ from Italy.
3. Every one of the shoes (seem) ______ to need a shine. Neither of us (be) ______ ready to
do it though.
4. There (have) ______ to be better bargains somewhere in town.
5. Here (come) ______ the meanest kids on the block. Why do they act so badly?
6. Jason, Timothy, Sandra, and I (be) ______ responsible for closing the store on the weekend.
7. Neither Jan nor I (be) ______ able to attend the meeting last Monday. We were sorry we
had to miss it.
8. None of the tests (be) ______ graded, but all of the homework (be) ______ checked.
9. One of those sentences doesn’t make sense to me, but my classmates (be not) ______
confused by it.
10.The doctor and her husband (take) ______ a trip to Mexico each year.
11.The nurse or the secretary (come) ______ in on Saturday. Much work (need) ______ to be
done.
12.The stories in this book don’t interest me, but my wife and son (enjoy) ______them.
13.There (be) ______ two tornadoes near here this year. They (frighten) ______ me.
14.They (be) ______ neighbours and (play) ______ in the same band.
15.This class, together with math and biology, (keep) ______ me extremely busy.
16.Tim and Jim (be) ______ friends for a long time.
Bài 4: Choose the correct form of the verb that agrees with the subject
1. (Is, Are) the news on at five or six?
2. (Is, Are) the tweezers in this drawer?
3. Nine dollars (is, are) the price of a movie nowadays.
4. Either answer (is, are) acceptable.
5. Either my mother or my father (is, are) coming to the meeting.
6. Either my shoes or your coat (is, are) always on the floor.

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7. Every one of those books (is, are) fiction.
8. George and Fred (doesn’t, don’t) want to see that movie.
9. He (doesn’t, don’t) know the answer.
10.Mathematics (is, are) Anna’s favorite subject, while English (is, are) my favorite subject.
11.Nobody (know, knows) the trouble I’ve seen.
12.One of my sisters (is, are) going on a trip to China.
13.Emily and her brothers (is, are) at school.
14.The committee (debates, debate) these questions carefully.
15.The dog or the cats (is, are) outside.
16.The man with all the birds (live, lives) on my street.
17.The movie, including the credit, (take, takes) about one hour and a half to watch.
18.The players, as well as the captain of the team, (want, wants) to win.
19.There (was, were) ten candies in that bag. Now there (is, are) only one left!
20.Your shirt (is, are) at the cleaner’s.
I . Choose the best answer A, B, C or D:
1. A large number of students in this school………. . English quite fluently.
a. speaks b. is speaking c. has spoken d. speak
2. A series of lectures………being presented at the Central Hall this week.
a. are b. will be c. has become d. is
3. Beauty as well as health ………. failed her this term.
a. has b. have c. is d. are
4. Bread and butter ………. what she asks for.
a. is b. are c. will be d. have been
5. Each student………. answered the first three questions.
a. has b. Have c. have to d. must
6. Either John or his wife ………breakfast each morning.
a. make b. is making c. makes d. made
7. Everybody who ………. a fever must go home at once.
a. has b. have c. is having d. are having
8. Five dollars ………all I have on me.
a. are b. is C. will be d. have
9. John, along with twenty friends, ………. planning a party.

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a. are b. is c. has been d. have been
10. Mathematics………. . the science of quantity.
a. was b. are c. is d. were
11. Measles………cured without much difficulty nowadays.
a. is
b. are
c. will be
d. have
12. Neither Mary nor her brothers……a consent form for tomorrow’s field trip.
a. need
b. needs
c. is needing
d. has need
13. Peter, together with his uncle, ……………fishing.
a. have gone
b. has gone
c. go
d. goes
14. The army…………. eliminated this section of the training test.
a. has
b. is having
c. are
d. have
15. The number of the months in a year …………twelve.
a. was
b. were
c. are
d. is
16. The picture of the soldiers………. . back many memories.

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a. will bring
b. brings
c. bring
d. have brought
17. These pictures, as well as the photograph………. . the room.
a. brightens
b. brightening
c. brighten
d. being brightened
18. The quality of the recordings ………. . not very good.
a. is
b. are
c. is being
d. has been
19. This house as well as that one………. . for sale, which will you have?
a. are
b. is
c. have
d. has
20. To what place ………either the man or his son wish to go?
a. is
b. does
c. do
d. are
21. Twenty miles………. a long way to walk.
a. are
b. was
c. is
d. were
22. What he told you………. . to be of no importance.

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a. seems
b. seem
c. must seem
d. have seemed
23. Mathematics………. . not always an exact science.
a. was
b. are
c. is
d. were
24. Mr. John, accompanied by several members of the committee,………. . proposed some
changes of the rules.
a. have
b. has
c. are
d. is
25. The flock of birds…………. . circling overhead.
a. gets
b. are
c. is
d. get
26. The levels of intoxication…………. from subject to subject.
a. has been varied
b. have been varied
c. varies
d. vary
27. The majority of the students………. . him to be innocent.
a. was made
b. believe
c. makes
d. make
28. The pair of the pliers………. . on the table.

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a. was
b. were
c. put
d. puts
29. The use of credit cards in place of cash………. . increased rapidly in recent years.
a. have been
b. has been
c. has
d. have
30. Advertisements on television…………. . becoming more competitive than ever before.
a. has
b. have
c. are
d. is

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V. In each of the following sentences, put the verb in brackets into the correct form:
1. Two weeks (go) fast when you are on vacation.
2. Many of the girls in my school (wear) white shirts.
3. Three kilos of potatoes (make) the basket heavier.
4. Some of the tables in the classroom (be) broken.
5. Bacteria of the harmful kind (cause) diseases.
6. What we need most (be) books.
7. The English (be) proud and independent people.
8. The United States (have) a population of 250 million.
9. There (be, not) any letters in the mail for you today.
10. Everyone in both cars (be) injured in the accident last night.
11. The books borrowed from the library (be) on my desk.
12. The boy who won the two medals (be) a friend of mine.
13. Bread and butter (be) our daily food.
Đáp án
Bài 1
1. come
2. come
3. have
4. have
5. is
6. are
7. is
8. walk
9. walks
10. has
11. play
12. is
13. need
14. has

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15. was
Bài 2
1. Batik cloth from Bali, blue and white ceramics from Cambodia, and a bocce ball
from Turin have made Hannah’s room the talk of the dorm.
2. Leah is the only one of the many applicants who have the ability to step into this
job.
3. Measles is a contagious childhood disease.
4. Neither the explorer nor his companions were ever seen again.
5. Not until my interview with Dr Smith were other possibilities opened to me.
6. One of the main reasons for elephant poaching is the profits received from
selling ivory tusks.
7. The board of directors, ignoring the wishes of the neighbourhood, have voted to
allow further development.
8. The presence of certain bacteria in our bodies is one of the factors that
determines our overall health.
Bài 3
1. Anyone who wants to try out needs to make an appointment.
2. Each of the barrels is full. Each one needs to be inspected. They are from Italy.
3. Every one of the shoes seems to need a shine. Neither of us is ready to do it
though.
4. There have to be better bargains somewhere in town.
5. Here come the meanest kids on the block. Why do they act so badly?
6. Jason, Timothy, Sandra, and I are responsible for closing the store on the
weekend.
7. Neither John nor I was able to attend the meeting last Monday. We were sorry
we had to miss it.
8. None of the tests is graded, but all of the homework is checked.
9. One of those sentences doesn’t make sense to me, but my classmates are
not confused by it.
10. The doctor and her husband take a trip to Mexico each year.
11. The nurse or the secretary comes in on Saturday. Much work needs to be
done.
12. The stories in this book don’t interest me, but my wife and son enjoy them.
13. There have been two tornadoes near here this year. They frighten me.
14. They are neighbours and play in the same band.
15. This class, together with math and biology, keeps me extremely busy.
16. Tim and Jim have been friends for a long time.
Bài 4
1. Is
2. Are
3. Is
4. Is
5. Is
6. Is
7. Is
8. Don’t

15. Trang 15
9. Doesn’t
10. Is – Is
11. Knows
12. Is
13. Are
14. Debates
15. Is
16. Lives
17. Takes
18. Wants
19. Were – Is
20. Is