The document provides guidance on subject-verb agreement in English sentences. It discusses how the verb must agree with the subject in number - singular verbs for singular subjects and plural verbs for plural subjects. It covers various rules and exceptions, such as collective nouns taking singular verbs, pronouns like "each" and "none" that can be singular or plural, and how prepositional phrases do not affect the verb. Examples are given to illustrate each rule of subject-verb agreement.

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Uswatun Hasanah 09431002
Ainur Rochimah 09431009
Fitri Eka Ari Para Nita 09431013
Kholidatus Sholihah 09431015
Siti Nur Azizah 09431026

4. The meaning of verb
A verb is a word that describes the action or state of
being of its subject.
Example :
The most diligent student in my class never sleeps
much.
(The verb, sleeps, describes the action of the
sentence.)
Consequently, she is always tired.
(The verb, is, describes the state of being of the
subject, she.)

5. The subject and verb of a sentence should always agree with
each other. If the subject is in singular, so the verb must be in
singular. In other hand, if the subject is in plural, so the verb must
be in plural.
For example:
The students, with 20 classes left in the semester, intend to attend
all the
plural subject plural verb
remaining classes.
The student, with 20 classes left in the semester, intends to attend
all the
singular subject singular
verb
remaining classes.

6. Subject and Verb Agreement Rules
1. If the subject is singular (refers to one person or thing), the
verb will have an -s ending.
Examples: The boy walks home.
He throws the ball.
The cat plays.
2. If the subject is plural (refers to more than one person or
thing), the verb will not end in s.
Examples: The girls write long essays.
The computers work well.

7. 3. The pronouns each, either, neither, one, everyone, no
one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, everybody, a
nd much are singular and will require a verb with an -s
ending.
Examples: Everyone in the class is going on the trip.
Neither teacher plans to cover the entire
textbook.
4. The pronouns several, few, both, many, and others are
plural and require a verb without an -s ending.
Examples: Several of my friends work in the library.
Many on the honor roll study long hours.

8. 5. The pronouns some, any, none, all, and most may be either
singular or plural.
Examples: Some of the cake was eaten.
All of the contestants were present.
6. When a sentence has two or more subjects joined by and, a
verb without an s is needed.
Examples:
Students and teachers park in front of the auditorium.
Pizza, cake and ice cream have always been his favorite
foods.

9. 7. When a sentence has two or more subjects joined by or or
nor, choose a verb that agrees with the subject closest to it.
Examples: Fudge or cookies are a good choice for dessert.
Neither Tammy nor her sister likes to travel.
8. When every or many a comes before a subject, the verb should have
an -s ending.
Examples: Every man, woman and child remembers that cold
winter.
Many a woman chooses motherhood over a career.
9. There and here are never subjects when they appear at the
beginning of a sentence.
The subject will come later in the sentence. Make certain to identify
the correct word as the subject before choosing a verb.
Examples: There is the jacket I lost.
Here are the library books you needed.

10. Subject and verb as in “Main Verb”
Subject separated from the verb
Subject and verb must be match, but subject and verb sometimes
are separated by some words which are prepositional phrase.
But, The prepositional phrase soes not influence the verb.
Subject + (prepositional phrase) + verb
Example:
The study of language is very interesting.
The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly.
The effects of that crime are likely to be devastating.

11. These words which also do not influence to the
verb, such as: together with, as well as, along
with, accompanied by.
Example :
- The mayor as well as his brothers is going to prison.
- The actress, along with her manager and some friends, is
going to party tonight.
- Mr. Robin, accompanied by his wife and children is arriving
tonight.
Note :
If the conjunction AND is used in a sentence, so the verb
must be in plural. Example: the actress and her manager
are going to the party tonight.

12. Word that always take singular verbs and pronoun
Some words which put the verb and singular pronoun.
Anybody nobody somebody everybody
Anyone no one someone everyone
Anything nothing something everything
Examples:
Everybody who has not purchased a ticket should be in this line.
Something was under the house.
Anybody who has lost his ticket should report to the desk.
Everyone has done his or her homework.
Somebody has left her purse.

13. Each is often followed by a prepositional
phrase ending in a plural word (Each of the
cars), thus confusing the verb choice.
Each, too, is always singular and requires a
singular verb.
Example:
Each of the students is responsible for
doing his or her work in the library.

14. 1. None/no
On the other hand, there is one indefinite
pronoun, none, that can be either singular or plural; it
often doesn't matter whether you use a singular or a
plural verb — unless something else in the sentence
determines its number.
None + of the + non-count noun + singular verb
Example:
none of the counterfeit money has been found.

15. None + of the + plural count noun + plural verb
Example:
None of the students have finished the exam yet.

16. No + singular noun + singular verb
Noun count noun
Example:
No example is relevant to this case.
No + plural noun + plural verb
Example:
no examples are relevant to this case.

17. 2. Either/neither
Either/neither is followed by or/nor. So, the verb can be in singular
or plural. It depends on the noun after or/nor is in singular or
plural.
Neither + noun + nor + plural noun + plural verb
Either + noun + or + plural noun + plural verb
Example:
Neither john nor his friends are going to the beach today.
Either my sisters or my brothers live in Jakarta.

18. Example:
Either my father or my brothers are
going to sell the house.
Neither my brothers nor my father is
going to sell the house.
Are either my brothers or my father
responsible?
Is either my father or my brothers
responsible?

19. 3. Gerund as subject
If a sentence is started by gerund (verb-ing), so the verb must
be in singular.
Example: growing flower is her body.
Writing many letters makes her happy.
Washing with special cream is recommended for
scalp infection.
but, there are two or more subjects as subject, so the verb
must be in plural.
Example: writing and reading are interesting subject.
Drawing and painting are Tom’s hobbies.

20. 4. Collective nouns
Collective nouns are words that imply more than
one person but that are considered
singular nouns. These include
group, team, committee, class, and
family, organization, government, army, jury, congre
ss, club, minority, public, crowd. These collective
nouns take a singular verb.
Example:
the family has a big house.
The organization has lot many members this year.
Our team is going to win the game.

21. Collective noun is also shown in time, money, distance.
They are in singular.
Example:
twenty five dollars is too much to pay for that shirt.
Fifty minutes is not enough time to finish this test.
Two miles is too much to run in one day.
If individual members or parts of a group are
considered separate, a plural verb without an s is
needed.
Examples:
The dance team buy their own costumes.
The Honor Society compete in the math competition.

22. 5. A number of/the number of
A number of + plural noun + plural verb
Example:
a number of students are going to the class picnic.
A number of members have schedule to come in a meeting.
The number of + plural noun + singular verb
Example:
the number of days in a week is seven.
The number of boys play football in the yard.

23. 6. Noun that are always plural
These noun are always in plural, but they usually have
singular meaning if there is “a pair of….”
Scissors shorts pliers
jeans
Trousers glasses pants tweezers
Example: the pants are in the drawer.
A pair of pants is in the drawer.
These scissors are dull.
A pair of scissors is dull.

24. 7. There is/there are
There is
There was + singular subject/noun count.
There was has been
Example: there is a storm.
There was an accident last night.
There are
There were + plural subject…….
There have been
Example: there have been a number of telephone calls today.
There were too many people at the party last night.

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