3. SUBJECT VERB CONCORD
CONCORD Agreement
Rule 1:The subject and the verb must always agree in
number and person.
A singular subject takes a singular verb and, a plural subject
takes a plural verb.(applies to the third person singular
subject)
*When the present simple verb ends with ss,sh,ch,x,0 – add
‘es’ to make it singular in
number.Eg.,wishes,churches,fusses,etc.
*When the verb ends with ‘y’ and the letter presiding it is a
consonant,’y’ should be changed to ‘-ies’.
Eg.dries,flies,fries,etc.
4. RULE 2:
The number of the subject (singular or plural) will not
change due to words/phrases in between the subject
and the verb.
Eg., One of the glasses is empty.
S.subject
The bouquet of red roses smells so sweet.
RULE 3: Subjects that are joined by the conjunction ‘and’
in a sentence, use a plural verb. Subjects that are joined
by ‘either/or’,’neither/nor’ use a singular verb.
Eg.(i)Radha and Meena are coming home.
(ii)Neither Siam nor Mary is coming home.
(iii)My dad or my mom is arriving today.
5. RULE 4:
The verb in a sentence containing
‘or’,either/or’,neither/nor’ agrees with the pronoun
closest to it.
Eg.,Neither the bag nor the shoes match the dress.
=Neither the shoes nor the bag matches the dress.
RULE 5: When the subject is followed by words such as –
“as well as”, “along with”,’besides’,’not’,etc.ignore them and
use a singular verb if the subject is singular.
Eg:Matt, as well as his dog, is expected shortly.
Pratik,along with his brother, is going to school.
6. RULE 6:
In sentences that begin with ‘here’, ‘there’, the true
subject usually follows the verb.
Eg: Here are the chocolates.
There is a big snake.
There are some candies on the table.
RULE 7: In sentences that include sum of money,
periods of time or distances,etc.(as a unit), use singular
verbs.
Eg: i)500 rupees is a high price to pay.
ii)62 years is the minimum age of retirement.
7. RULE 7:
In the case of collective nouns such as
‘group’,’population’, ‘family’, ‘team’, in a sentence, the
verb can be singular or plural depending on their use
in the sentence.
Eg: Most of my family is here/are here.
Half of the population was against the bill/were
against the bill.
*The team is having a meeting.
The teams are having a meeting.
The team are having a meeting.
*Phrases like – a flock of sheep,a school of fish,etc. are
regarded as collective nouns.
8. RULE 8:
Nouns such as ‘mathematics’, ‘civics’, ‘news’,etc. while
plural in form are singular in meaning and use singular
verbs.
Eg.i)Mathematics is very difficult for some people.
ii)The news is very saddening.
RULE 9:In sentences that express a wish, request or
contrary to fact, the word ‘were’ is used instead of ‘was’.
Eg: i)I wish my sister were here.
ii)Aunty requested that uncle were here.
iii)I wish I were a butterfly.
9. RULE 10:
Some nouns are always plural.(They have two parts)
Eg. Scissors, shorts, eyeglasses,pants, jeans, trousers, etc.
*My pants are in the drawer.
If these words are preceded by the phrase – ‘a pair of’,
they will be regarded as singular subjects.
*A pair of pants is needed.
RULE 11:If a gerund or an infinitive comes as a subject, the verb
will always be singular.
Eg.:Swimming is a good exercise.
Walking is a good habit.
10. Rule 12:
Use singular verb if the following are found in a sentence
No+Singular noun – nothing,nobody,no one,etc.
Any+Singular noun – Anybody, anyone,anything,etc.
Eg,:Nothing is free in this world.
Anything is ok.
Note*You cannot use have with the third person
singular(he,she,it).
11. Practice exercise 1:
1. The lady in the car (look/looks) like your mother.
2. Most of the milk (is/are) gone.
3. One of the flowers (has/have) wilted.
4. Either Ram/Shyam (is/are) coming today.
5. Here (is/are) the newspaper.
6. The group of dancers (is/are) here.
7. Civics (is/are) my favourite subject.
8. The news (are/is) interesting.
9. Laughing(is/was) a good medicine.
10. Eyeglasses (is/are) worn as a kind of fashion today.
12. Practice exercise - 2
1. The dog (chase/chases) the cat.
2. Miss Han(want/wants) a new car.
3. Two teachers (run/runs) in circles.
4. Our snacks (taste/tastes) so delicious!
5. Miss Kang (eat/eats) spaghetti everyday.
6. The shepherd boy (lie/lies) about the wolf.
7. Nobody (believe/believes) a person who lies.
8. Apples(is/are) in the bag.
9. Miss Ritu (jump/jumps) on the trampoline.
10. 500 rupees (is/are) the minimum amount you can
pay for the charity concert.