Social Disorganization Theory Of Crime

Social Disorganization Theory Of Crime
Crimes are offensive acts committed by individuals or organizations that are unlawful and
punishable in accordance to a state's laws (Gehring, 2017). Acts of crime in most countries around
the world including the United States have caused more injuries, loss of property, and death as
compared to a collection of other events such as natural disasters. The social disorganization theory
is a notable example of concept that explains why different places experience different levels and
cases of crime. This essay will explore the theory's tenets, summarize an empirical test that supports
it, and identify its various strengths and weaknesses. It will also describe the assumed notions of the
policy behind the theory.
The theory was introduced by Clifford Shaw and Henry D. McKay in the year 1942. The two while
utilizing spatial maps in examining the residential location from where the cities different juveniles
resided discovered Chicago's crime rate was highly concentrated in specific regions of the town. The
rate of crime in different parts of the city remained stable for a long time despite the changes in
population over time. They realized that factors such as the race of a population did not majorly
influence crime. Shaw and McKay claimed that crime rates of different regions were a credited to
neighborhood dynamics and not the functions of individuals living in the neighborhood (Bellair,
2017). This is because from their research they noticed that the rate of crime in locations
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Management Style At Arizona Central Credit Union
Organizational Management Approach Analysis
The management approach of any one organization is unique and varied based on the needs of the
business or the type of organization. When developing this management approach, in my opinion, it
is critical to adapt and to use many sources of knowledge to be successful. These sources of
knowledge can be traced to historical theories that have been developed throughout recent history,
and are critical to the understanding of how practical applications can be successfully used. It is also
argued that modern students of management do not have the practical understanding or awareness of
these historical theories because of the misguided curriculum and lack of interest (Cummings &
Bridgman, 2011). The purpose of this paper approaches some historical theories in comparison to
the modern management style within a credit union to demonstrate the use of these theories as a
management tool.
Management Style at Arizona Central Credit Union
The management style at Arizona Central Credit Union, one of my former employers, is complex
and varies between the departments both by design and by regulation. The credit union and its
management team draws from various historical and contemporary approaches and theories to help
the employees and the organization attain set goals and standards while maximizing the potential of
their employees and products.
Bureaucracy Theory
One of the historical theories that the credit union draws from to define its

Central Place Theory: Christaller
Christaller's Central Place Theory Introduction Central Place Theory (CPT) is an attempt to explain
the spatial arrangement, size, and number of settlements. The theory was originally published in
1933 by a German geographer Walter Christaller who studied the settlement patterns in southern
Germany. In the flat landscape of southern Germany Christaller noticed that towns of a certain size
were roughly equidistant. By examining and defining the functions of the settlement structure and
the size of the hinterland he found it possible to model the pattern of settlement locations using
geometric shapes. Assumptions: Christaller made a number of assumptions such as: All areas have
an isotropic (all flat) surface an evenly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The relationship of the market area between a lower order center and the centers of the higher level
can also be indicated by the value 3. 2. The transportation principle Christaller pointed out that the
marketing principle is an awkward arrangement in terms of connecting different levels of the
hierarchy. As an alternate arrangement, Christaller suggested that central places could be organized
according to what he called the transport principle The traffic principles states that the distribution
of central places is most favourable when as many important places as possible lie on one traffic
route between two important towns, the route being established as straightly and as cheap as
possible. The more unimportant places may be left aside. According to the transport principle, the
central places would thus be lined up on straight traffic routes which fan out from the central point.
When Central places are arranged according to the traffic principle, the lower order centers are
located at the midpoint of each side of the hexagon rather than at the corner. Thus the transport
principle produces a hierarchy organized in a k=4 arrangement in which central places are nested
according to the rule of four. 4 The following table shows how the k=4 principle can be
interpreted: Level of hierarchy Equivalent number of central places Equivalent number of marker
areas dominated by higher

Analysis Of Veronica Roth 's ' The Big Five Model '
Throughout the history of human psychology, the development of personality and the factors that
contribute to its variations have been widely scrutinised and theorized. According to some of
psychologies most acclaimed and experienced psychologists, personality can be stagnant, morphed,
molded, developed and uncovered through a range of processes we experience before we are born,
after birth and during our lifetime. (Eyesenck, 2004) Veronica Roth's Divergent exhibits aspects of
both Gordon Allports Trait Theory and McCrae and Costa's Five Factor Model, also known as the
Big Five Model. (Eyesenck, 2004) These theories are applicable to the Divergent film in the features
of its pot line and within characterization. There accuracies as ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(Allport, 1937) cardinal traits were constant and consistent through life; they had overwhelming
influence on a person's total being. Central traits guided aspects of behavior, reactions and social
interaction, and finally, secondary traits were more unsettled aspects of the personality and affected
casual opinions and habitual behaviors. (Wade & Tavris, 2000) Finalizing his theory, Allport stated
that while we all share common traits, and we all live in this "world" together, (Allport, 1961)
people still differ, as for "some the world is a hostile place... for others it is a sage for fun and
frolic". (Wade et al., 2000)
Allport suggests that cardinal, secondary and central traits become apparent in people at different
rates within the growth cycle. (Schopper, 1994) This element of Allports theory is directly
applicable to the initial portrayal of Divergent's protagonist, Beatrice Prior. Beatrice assumes the
mannerisms of her faction Abnegation and emulates the required habitual behaviors, reactions and
interactions. She dresses in grey clothing, she habitually washes up after her parents, and she
routinely deems it unnecessary to look in the mirror. These are all examples of secondary traits that
affect casual opinion and habits. (Wade et al., 2000) After her move to Dauntless, these mannerisms
and aspects of her personality change, further supporting Allports theory that secondary traits are
unsettled and ever changing. She now wears black, promiscuous clothing, she

Equality Between Women And Men Essay
Equality between Women and Men, or Gender Equality, means equality of rights and freedoms. For
equal opportunities for participation, recognition and appreciation of women and men, In all areas of
society, political, economic, labor, personal and family.
Thus, more and more profound changes are taking place in the traditionally and social construction
of gender roles according to sex, leading to a conception of the masculine and differentiated and
hierarchical in terms of importance, according to which they were attributed to the man roles and
responsibilities in the public domain, livelihoods, and results orientation, Competitiveness, and
strength, and to women 's private, home–based and family–based roles, on the basis of In more
emotional and relational characteristics
In fact, new realities to this commonly accepted concept of the "familiar model" appeared, because
of various changes in family structures, which allow us to recognize the existence not of one but of
several "family models" (single–parent families, reconstituted families, families of dual professions)
in which the dominant emphasis is on the fact that both elements of the couple to have an active
attitude towards work, with women taking a more participation in the public sphere.
Speaking about Gender Equality today is so fundamental, especially if we observe that the Women 's
participation in the labour market was not accompanied by growth of men 's in the family role.
The gender equality is a very

Concentric Zone Theory
I. CONCENTRIC ZONE THEORY Burgess's concentric zone theory was presented in 1924. He
presented a descriptive urban land use model that divided cities in a set of concentric circles
expanding from downtown to the suburbs. His representation came from Burgess' observations of
various American cities, especially Chicago. Burgess model assumes a relationship between the
socio–economic status of households and the distance from the Central Business District. The
further from the district, the better the quality of housing, but the longer the commuting time.
Making this Accessing better housing is done at the expense of longer commuting times and costs as
well. According to Burgess, urban growth is a process of expansion and reconversion of land uses,
with a tendency of each inner zone to expand in the outer zone. According to Burgess' theory, a large
city is divided in six concentric zones, Burgess's model has its cons according to critics. It is said to
be a product of its time. That is, it won't work the same with present cities. The model was
developed when American cities were growing very fast and when motorized transportation was still
uncommon as most people used public transit. Thus the concept cannot be applied to those from the
second half to the twentieth century where highways have enabled urban development to escape the
reconversion process and to take place directly in the suburbs. The model in this case was developed
for American cities and is limited elsewhere.

The Importance Of Education In Education
As an institution, the school possesses a unique influence over a given community by way of their
youngest and most malleable members. From a sociological standpoint, the school serves two
purposes education, which consists of the content knowledge and skills such as reading and writing,
and socialization the focus of the field. The socialization process, also referred to as schooling
covers an array of things that lie just below the surface of the curriculum. The notion that schools
have ulterior motives regarding what students are taught and how they're socialized is not
necessarily new to the public, especially in the United States. deMarrais and LeCompte in their book
The Way Schools Work hone in on the sociological theories that have developed over time to
explain the ways in which schools socialize their students and the intentions, positive, and critiques.
In their book, they compare two broad purposes for schooling, social transmission and social
transformation in addition to the four well–established theories that fall under the aforementioned
purposes functionalism, conflict theory, interpretivism, and critical theory. Although each theory
holds relevancy and is still applied to the classroom today two theories, in particular, are considered
more controversial and are contested on at a higher frequency in comparison to the others.
Functionalism, a theory that has been embedded into the American educational system since the
formation of the country and critical

Fall Of The Roman Empire Essay
Fall of the Roman Empire
The Roman empire was one of the most powerful and greater empires of its time during the late
antiquity period. The Roman empire was divided into an east and west. The Western Empire would
last until 467 C.E., while the Eastern Empire would stand through the next century. Although the
Western Empire outlasted the Eastern Empire it still faced its own challenges and would collapse in
1453. Many historians have considered the fall of the Roman Empire and the reasoning behind it.
Edward Gibbon would be the first to propose his theories about the topic. Other historians such as
Peter Heather, Peter Brown, and Henri Pierenne have studied many sources and have come up with
their own theories. Considering all historians points of view, I think that Peters Heather's ideologies
make the most plausible case. Heather's used a wide spread of sources when he looked at the fall of
the Western Roman Empire. He took into consideration government and cultural stand points. He
also considers outsiders influence to be one of the main reasons the Western Empire fell. I will ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Local Romanness refers to the culture, while central Romanness referred to government. Heather's
says "In many places, then, local Romanness survived pretty well. Catholic Christianity, a Latin–
literate laity, villas, towns and more complex forms of economic prodicduction and exchangeall
endured to come extent... on the back of the landowning class." Although the empire had fallen
many landowning families continued the Roman culture. I think it seems logical that the Roman
culture would survive but the government would not. Culture is something that they live in their
everyday lives. It would be difficult for the Romans to just stop what they do every day. However,
with the precence of outside influences you can see the depletion of local Romanness, but it is not as
severe as the loss of central

Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalysis Theory
1) Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud, give an account of your understanding of the
development of this approach. The central concept within Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis theory is
the role of the unconscious. For Freud, psychoanalytic therapy focused on making the unconscious
conscious, thus revealing the underlying, unconscious thoughts and motivations causing the
disorders or anti–social behaviors from which they suffer. Bringing these underlying thoughts and
motivations to the surface would then result in an effective cure by means of what Freud termed a
"cathartic," or healing, experience. Generally, psychoanalysis is used to treat depression and anxiety
disorders. When working with clients, psychoanalytic psychologists therefore focus on
psychological problems as resulting from issues lodged in the unconscious mind (McLeod, 2007). In
other words, manifest symptoms are assumed to be caused by latent, or hidden, disturbances in the
unconscious mind. Examples of such hidden disturbances are unresolved issues during the
development of the individual or trauma that has been repressed. When this repressed information is
brought to the attention of the individual, it can be dealt with, which is assumed to then result in a
cure for the disorder being treated. To extract this repressed information, Freud's therapeutic method
began by relaxing the client and letting the person talk about his or her dreams and childhood
memories. Depending upon the level of

The Central Park Five Is A Documentary By Ken Burns About
The Central Park Five is a documentary by Ken Burns about five young black men who were
wrongfully convicted of a crime they did not commit. This documentary focused on showing how
these boys got convicted, why they got convicted, the effects and response from the public of their
convictions, and their release. For the remaining part of my paper, I am going to show how the
sociological theoretical perspectives, in particular the conflict perspective, explains why the events
in the film happened the way they did. The three major parts of the conflict theory that I am going to
be focusing on relates to how the people with wealth and power has a major influence in society and
how they went about abusing that power that was given to them. I am ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They had already set their mind that these boys committed the crime and used their power to make
the boys tell them what they wanted to hear. They used their power to hold the boys at the police
station until they "confessed". The boys did not know of their rights that they had and were detained
for a long period of time until they were made to believe that if they were to confess, they could go
home. Another way that criminal law was used to control the working class in the documentary is
with bail. If someone has money, they can pay for a temporary release from jail. In the film, two
boys were able to be released on bail, but three of the boys' families weren't able to come up the
money, so they had to stay in jail. It is clear that if someone is of the working class, it would be
difficult for them to come up with the money because of financial issues. If someone was rich, they
would be able to pay the bail or fine without having to worry about providing food on the table or
paying bills. Because of this, it seems like these criminal laws are set up to benefit those who are
wealthy and weed out those that are poor. Those associated with the lower class are usually
associated with crime and violence and because of that, these criminal laws are targeted towards a
group of people who are at a disadvantage. In The Central Park Five, we can see that wealthy people
and the authorities hold most of the power. The people

Crime And Crime : Criminology And Criminology
Crime choice theory, often referred to as environmental criminology or ecological criminology, is a
branch of criminology that was supposedly started by the classical school's Cesare Beccaria. As with
many theories, it has evolved with time, but the basics of it have stayed much the same throughout
time. Crime choice theory can relate through other theories such as; routine activity theory,
environmental criminology, situational crime prevention and crime prevention through
environmental design. In addition, it has helped to provide explanations as to how, when, and why
crime occurs; as well as provide potential crime prevention strategies. Crime choice theory has had a
lasting impact on criminology, and crime theories from its conception, and continues to impact areas
of criminology theory today. Crime choice theory may be called, rational choice theory in some
literature, or is more likely to be called, environmental criminology; due to its "framework for
understanding how decisions are made by individuals by weighing the perceived costs and benefits
of an action." (Farrell & Hodgkinson, 2015, p.244) Decisions made by these individuals are
influenced by many factors, including environmental factors, allowing crime choice theory to be
called environmental criminology. Rather than trying to find psychological or biological reasons for
criminals to commit or not commit crimes; environmental criminology focuses on more practical
and controllable aspects. In addition, this

Social Behavioral Theory Analysis
Theory Critique
The chapters in Essentials of Health Social and Behavioral Theory in Public Health, I chose to
critique are 9–11.
Operationalized
After reading these three chapters, I began to understand that all of the chapters discussed education,
understanding the kinds of social behavioral that could be applicable to understanding the theories
of communication, populations, health promotion programs, schools, worksites and communication
campaigns. According to (Edberg. 2015) "we get to the assessment that touches on a lot of
theoretical issues related to behavior".
Capability to describe, predict or explain phenomena/concept
The concept of Altruism, according to (Smith, 1995), "perhaps no issue is more central in moral
philosophy than that concerning the relative merits of the claims made upon our self–interest and by
the interest of others". (p.785). Altruism definitely meets the theory of Self–Efficacy, a central
concept in Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory, is one's belief or lack of belief that one can
bring about a particular outcome or change. It has been shown to play an important role in a wide
range of human endeavors. (Yancey, G. B. (2014). As stated in (Edberg, 2015), communities are a
mixing pot, the place where multiple factors interact. Therefore, when there a disaster occurs, the
communities normally pulls together and assist others until emergency responders arrive. I ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And then we shall be very cautious". (Edberg,2015). As individuals regarding the concept of
altruism and the theory of self–efficacy, they are helping and thinking of others who their action
may help in times of disasters with no ulterior motives. According to (Edberg, 2015 p.111), as
human beings, we are highly sophisticated creatures of communication and symbol–processors of
symbolic

The Theory Of Nursing Care
Nursing care through theory has continual made changes to provide the best care for patients across
the spectrum. From nursing models, to concepts, to evidence based practices that have stemmed
from theories, nursing care advances have come a long way. Theories have been the fundaments of
nursing to help nurses provide efficient care through structure , unity , assessing, planning, and
implementing interventions (White & Zaccagnini, 2014).This paper will discuss how theories have
guided patient centered care in helping decrease infections in cancer who have central lines that
developed chemotherapy– induced neutropenia.
There have been many advances in oncology care; unfortunately infections from healthcare settings
and the community are a major cause of hospitalizations and death in patients receiving
chemotherapy treatment via central lines. As healthcare providers, preventing infection with patients
who develop chemotherapy–induced neutropenia can significantly decrease mortality and morbidity
for patients with cancer (Bush, Davis, Friese, Gillespie, Nirenberg, & Rice, 2009). Oncology nurses
play a vital role in educating other healthcare providers, patients and family members, on
chemotherapy side effect with patients who are neutropenic, especially handling the central line.
Fawcett described four core concepts common to the individual paradigms, patient–environment–
health–nursing, that were derived from existing nursing theories (Fawcett, 1984). The concept of the

Discuss Two Explanations For The Formation Of Romantic...
Discuss two or more explanations for the formation of romantic relationships. (8 + 16 marks) Social
exchange theory (SET), an economic theory, assumes that relationship behaviour is based on a series
of exchanges with individuals attempting to maximise their profits based on their rewards and costs.
Rewards include being cared for, companionship, and sharing of household chores; costs include
effort and financial investment. Rewards minus costs leaves profit, and a person will be more
attracted towards a relationship with greater potential profit. A comparison level (CL), a standard
against which present and potential relationships are judged, is formed. Our CL is a product of our
experiences in other relationships with our general views ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
For instance, Aronson and Under (1965) asked participants to evaluate a number of different
potential relationships. They found that participants preferred relationships that showed the potential
for an increase in profit rather than the actual size of the profit. Hence, when making an evaluation
of the attractiveness of a potential relationship, an individual's evaluation may look at longer–term
outcomes. This places the central point of profit size in question. Furthermore, SET may be
culturally biased, as the language used reflects a culture in which economic values are central.
Hence, SET would seem appropriate for cultures where self–gain is important to individuals, i.e.
individualist societies. However, for collectivist cultures, where the gain for an individual's wider
community is regarded as paramount, SET's central factor of self–gain seems far less relevant.
Hence, SET is unlikely to be appropriate for collectivist cultures. Even with individualist cultures,
SET may only be appropriate for short–term relationships. For instance, Clark and Mills (1979)
found that people in long–term relationships regarded economic principles of their relationship as

Cross Cultural Communication
Cross cultural communication Bearing that we all come from varying cultures and cultural
backgrounds do dictate a lot the type of reactions we receive from the pubic as well as the way we
react to other people around us, there is need to use our communication tools as an access tool to the
people of the different culture. Being a Chinese who has lived in the USA for 4 years, I have come
to realize that the use of communication accommodation has been one of the best tools to overcome
the barriers that can be between me and the majority of the cultures around me. In a society that is
multicultural in composition, it is most significant that people from the varying cultures strive to
embrace each other for a harmonious coexistence. In order for this to take place, one of the central
pivots is the cross cultural communication. For this to take place, there is need for what is known as
communication accommodation theory to be applied and used appropriately. This is the approach
that has made my stay in the USA bearable despite the varying religious, cultural, race, nationality
among other central tenets of existence. According to Howard G., (2013) there is tendency for the
people who seek the approval of others whom they come across in an intercultural encounter to
adjust their speech styles as well as the content of their speech in order to rhyme or mesh up with the
others. This is a thing that I have had to do several times in order to fit into the various groups that I

How Did Pericles Build The Parthenon
In approximately 450 BC Athens' premier statesman, Pericles, initiated a program of works designed
to embellish his city in order to demonstrate the superiority of the city of Athens3. This crowing
achievement of this program was The Parthenon, supervised by Pheidias3. It was built on the
Acropolis; a mass of rock sharply rising out of the plain around Athens. The Parthenon is a
replacement for an unfinished earlier temple that was destroyed by the Persians; the archaic remains
of this were partially used to construct this magnificent building. The construction began in about
447 BC and was completed by 432 BC3. The three major elements forming the sculpted ornament
on The Parthenon consists of the metopes, pediments, and the frieze. While ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Overall, the general portrayal of classical Athens seems to emphasize and celebrate the cultural
identity of Athens. In particular, the historical theory, which argues that the procession occurs before
the Battle at Marathon, seems the most plausible for a number for reasons. It is probable that the
Athenian people would want to demonstrate something that is culturally and historically significant,
especially something so significant such as defeating a long time enemy – the Persians. Even though
this would be unusual for Greek art and architecture as it is not mythological, the present theories
that relate to myth do not seem rather forced and do not make much sense compared to this
alternative. It should be noted that many Greek gods are still portrayed in the east frieze, thus
somewhat aligning with this norm. In addition, since the purpose Pericles's building program was to
demonstrate the superiority of the city of Athens, it seems particularly conceivable that the frieze
would have done just that. The Parthenon frieze is a unique monument, unmatched in size and
complexity in Classical Greek relief sculpture; it makes sense that its designers were capable of
representing something

Fodor's Functionalism Essay
Fodor's Functionalism
Fodor begins his article on the mind–body problem with a review of the current theories of dualism
and materialism. According to dualism, the mind and body are two separate entities with the body
being physical and the mind being nonphysical. If this is the case, though, then there can be no
interaction between the two. The mind could not influence anything physical without violating the
laws of physics. The materialist theory, on the other hand, states that the mind is not distinct from
the physical. In fact, supporters of the materialist theory believe that behavior does not have mental
causes. When the materialist theory is split into logical behaviorism and the central–state identity
theory, the foundation of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Functionalism also states that the output of the system is related to both the input and the internal
status of the system at a given time.
Based on the definition of functionalism, the mental processes of a human are not distinct from the
systemic processes of a machine. Mental processes are defined as an operation on symbols to yield
certain results. Thus, if the same symbols yielded the same results in two separate systems, then the
mental states can be seen as similar, or even identical. Along this vein, consider a computer
programmed with the same reasoning process as a mind. When the input "B" is entered, the output
depends both upon "B" and upon the state of the system resulting from the computation of "A." If
the computer was programmed with the exact same reasoning process as a mind, then the result
would be the same. Thus, the mental state of the mind would be indistinguishable from the systemic
state of the computer. The computer metaphor upholds the theory of functionalism because the
output is the result of interaction between the input and the current state of the system. The
metaphor also demonstrates the insignificance of the physical state of the system when determining
whether two mental states are alike. Thus, it shows that the processes, rather than the composition,
of the system determine the mental state.
Searle disagrees with the view that the physical composition of the system does not influence the
mental state of the

The Euro in Crisis: Decision Time at the European Central...
"The Role of the
European Central Bank in the Financial Crash and the
Crisis of the Euro–Zone"
Report based on a WEED Expert Meeting
Franziska Richter
Peter Wahl
1
Imprint:
Richter Franziska, Wahl, Peter: The Role of the European Central Bank in the Financial Crash and
the Crisis of the Euro–Zone. Report based on a WEED Expert Meeting
Published by: WEED – World Economics, Environment & Development Assoc.
Eldenaer Straße 60
D–10247 Berlin
2011
All rights reserved
This publication has been co–financed by the Ford Foundation.
The views expressed are those of the authors, and cannot be attributed to the
Ford Foundation.
2
CONTENT
Page
Summary 3
1. Introduction 4
2. Some basics on central banking 5
3. Historical changes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, there is almost no attention of civil society – NGOs, trade unions, social movements – for
this key player. It is the purpose of this report to trigger more interest for what the ECB is doing,
because its behaviour and its decisions are not only affecting heavily the financial sector but the
entire economy and hence wages, social systems and in the end the every day life of all citizens.
The way, how the ECB was operating before the crisis was strictly based on the monetarist concept
of central banking, reducing central banks to the guardian of consumer price inflation. Already the
inflation of financial asset prices was ignored, not speak of systemic financial stability, growth and
employment.
It is therefore not surprising that the ECB did not see the crisis coming. In early July
2008, when the US subprime crisis was already ravaging and some European banks such as the

German IKB had collapsed, the ECB decided an increase of the interest rate to the historic high of
4,25%. An extraordinary case of blindness of such an institution vis à vis the reality.
After the Lehmann collapse the ECB made however a surprising turn. It played the role of a lender
of last resort to the banks in trouble, although being very generous and allowing a lot of windfall
profits. The ECB also broke with some of its own rules by giving – indirectly – money to

Effects Of Devaluation Of Rmb On China Essay
Effects of devaluation of RMB on China
Qiluo Zhang, Lucy, 988139
GE 2021 W02, Dr. Richard J. Braxton
November, 12, 2016
Introduction The Chinese Central Bank devalued the RMB on August 11, 2014 which was the
largest drop in the RMB ever. And the devaluation continued for two days and accumulatively
knock 4.4% off the value of RMB on August 13, 2015(COUGH & BRADSHER). While Chine
grew to become the second largest economy in the world, RMB, as the national currency of China
has been gaining in value steadily and such a sudden downward move raises worldwide attention.
The problem is that the devaluation of the RMB has caused the slowdown of Chinese
manufacturers. As a result, Chinese companies will lay–off employers. Devaluation of RMB is a
monetary policy which affected the people in many aspects. It could influence every consumer,
worker and investor in overseas buying power, export trade, cross–border investment and wages.
Nowadays, with soaring commodity costs, house price and unstable stock, the people in China are
under high pressure and we should improve our concern about the monetary policy. Because it
relevant to people's life and business closely, it is important to explore the long–term trend and the
political intent of valuation of RMB. The purpose of this paper is to examine how leaderships decide
to devalue the RMB and the effect of the decision. The paper will focus on the process of the
decision making of Chinese Central Bank. And this research will

Threshold Affects The Central Place Theory
1a) Range is defined as, the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service. Range is
applied to the central place theory in the way that, larger cities are farther apart and offer services
with high ranges. While smaller cities, which are closer to each other, offer only services with small
ranges. 1b) Threshold is defined as, the minimum number of people needed in a settlement before a
good or service will appear there. Threshold affects the central place theory because, the larger cities
have all of the goods and services available in smaller towns, plus additional services which have
higher thresholds and only appear in large cities when they reach a certain population. 1c) The
hierarchy of market centers that settlements

Michael Chisholm's Human Geography: Evolution Or Revolution?
Michael Chisholm's book Human Geography: Evolution or Revolution? was broken into six
sections. These six sections were Introduction, Origin, Static Patterns, Dynamic Patterns, Theories
of Spatial Structure and Process, and Whither Next. In the Introduction, Chisholm explained the
purpose of his book. While in the Origin chapter of his book, he explained how geography began
and changed through the years leading up to writing of it. In Static Patterns, Chisholm began a more
in depth explanation into geographical patterns that deal with transformation and coordinate
systems. This discussion of patterns carried on into the next chapter but morphed into Dynamic
Patterns, which focuses more on the distribution of phenomenon than static awareness. Then
Chisholm evaluated Theories of Spatial Structure and Process, where he explained theoretical
frameworks that geographers used while writing. Finally, in Whither Next?, Chisholm wrote about
his expectations for the future of geography.
One of the first things Chisholm provided was a definition of geography. He explained that this was
important so that the reader would not have any misconceptions of the perspective of the writer or
miss the meaning of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He explained there was a relationship between fact, theory, and logic. He wrote about understanding
patterns and the need for geography to move forward in these advancements but also wrote about
the frustrations of the need to use equipment and complex mathematics to rely on accuracy for the
theories to properly be effective. Chisholm continually found a way to revert to his point of the
fundamental need for geographers to understand space and that the error was in the transformation
of the data to a different

The Five Stages Of Industrialization In The United States
It is extremely fascinating how cities evolved over time. Especially here in the United States since a
great hand full have been industrialized and as a result, some cities became very popular. The
industrial revolution gave cities the opportunities to expand in manufactures. Thus, factories began
to be developed and as a result, it provided civilians with job opportunities. As the years progressed,
cities expanded in two different methods. One method in how it expanded was by the Concentric
Zone Theory. According to Burgess, cities that in this zone expand outward in form of rings.
Burgess states that the closest zones to the origin are zone that is made up of labor workers and
immigrants. In contrast to zone located furthest from the origin. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Walt Rostow established The Stages of Economic Growth that cities go through to get to modernity.
Rostow states that all societies will eventually be industrialized in just five stages (Fong 2016). The
first stage of modernization begins with the traditional society. In addition to the cities in Mexico,
there are small villages that are near and far from the city. Some of these villages still practice the
first stages of modernity through agricultural. Subsequently, as villages began to grow, they expand
their development of goods through the pre–conditions to the take–off stages. In this stage, goods
will be manufacture out of raw material then traded for other goods. When a city is large enough it
goes through innovation. The city acquires entertainment, several transportation methods, hospitality
services etc. these types of characteristics attract tourist. (CITE DR. FONG?) Mexico city has this
characteristic; sources of entertainment, transportation methods and hospitality services. This is
what is known as the drive to maturity stage. This is the stage that that attracts tourist due to its
modernity. Lastly, a city reaches the final stage of high mass consumption. Mexico city has reached
this stage because there is any form of consumption located throughout the city. Whether it is
automotive, electronics etc, it gives civilians the opportunity to be high consumers. (CITY DR

Why Do You Do Not Your Favorite Tv Show And During The...
Introduction Scenario: you are watching your favorite TV show and during the commercial break an
advertisement comes on for a brand new device that potty–trains puppies. If you have a puppy and
understand how wild and untamed they are, this offer would not only seem heaven–sent, but interest
you, making you more likely to think deeply about whether or not to buy the product. However, if
you do not own a puppy, you would quickly lose interest in the commercial and it is extremely
unlikely that you would give it much thought after the commercial is over. Why is it that things that
peak our interest are more likely to stimulate our deep thoughts while things that are less–relevant to
us do not? The Elaboration Likelihood Theory explains just that. It analyzes how variables such as
motivation, processing, ability, and persuasion play a role in how much thought we give to a certain
message. From the puppy commercial, to major things such as the digitization of health records and
the upcoming presidential election, the Elaboration Likelihood Theory explains our likelihood of
thinking about –and acting on–a certain message. Description of Theory The Elaboration Likelihood
Theory describes a person's likelihood of critically evaluating a message's arguments and evidence.
This theory has four major variables that help predict this likelihood, the first one being motivation.
Motivation asks a very simple–yet important–question: Is the message relevant? (Dainton, M., &
Zelley,

Summary Of Terry Repak's Waiting On Washington
Introduction Waiting on Washington, by Terry Repak, is a compelling study that focuses on Central
American immigrants and their pilgrimage to the United States. A central theme is to determine
whether structural theory or assimilation theory best describes the labor market incorporation of
international migrant workers in the United States. Repak researches various traits of these
immigrant groups, predominantly gender, and uncovers the social, economic and political context
that set the stage for this migration. She focuses on the impact of gender differences in the labor
market, the effects of immigration laws, and the adjustments in gender roles and identities that
accompanied this movement. Rather than solely focusing on how these immigrants were "pushed"
and "pulled" out of Central America and into the United States, Repak takes into account the ways
in which gender both shapes and constrains the migrant's decisions. Central American women were
the dominant gender traveling and settling into the Washington area in the 1980's. Yet the research
suggests that structural factors in the Washington, D.C. area economy pose obstacles to women's
vocational success and place them at a disadvantage in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first is gender factors are the preeminent contributor in the immigration labor market
incorporation. Gender factors render structural and personal characteristics inadequate as
explanations for the performance of Central American immigrants in Washington's labor market
(Repak 1995, 185). The second argument is the Immigration Reform Control Act of 1986 generated
more shortcomings for Central American workers and employers. It has done little to deter
immigrants from entering the United States or from returning once they are deported. Lastly, the
third argument sets forth that the process of immigration developed dramatic changes in gender
roles especially in the female

Central Coherence: Is It a Single Construct, with a...
Central Coherence: Is it a single construct, with a relationship to mentalising?
The past 20 years has seen much interest in the development of cognitive profiles and mentalising
ability, particularly in how they may account for some characteristics of autism spectrum disorders
(ASDs). Two of the most influential theories to date are: (i) Weak Central Coherence theory (WCC),
which posits that those with WCC focus on detailed (local) features and fail to apply a global
context in understanding their environment (Frith & Happe, 1994); and (ii) Theory of Mind (ToM),
also referred to as 'mentalising', which relates to the ability to recognise ones' own or others' mental
states (Baron–Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Rast & Plumb, 2001).
Evidence ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Measures of CC have commonly included tasks requiring attention to internal (local) details, such as
tasks which require the neglect of canonical arrangement of dots when counting, a Homograph
Reading Task (Burnette et al., 2005) and the Embedded Figures Tasks (EFT) (Baron–Cohen &
Hammer, 1997). More recently, a measure focusing on biases towards global processing rather than
local was conducted using hierarchical (global / local) Navon figures (Deruelle et al., 2006).
Findings were still found to support those of local–focused measures.
Given the empirical evidence showing the strong relationships both WCC and ToM independently
have with explaining deficiencies in people with ASD, it is not surprising that subsequent research
exploring the relationship between WCC and ToM has followed. An analysis of past research
examining this issue was conducted and identified contrasting results. Interestingly, findings ranged
from support of a significant correlation between the two cognitive anomalies (Baron–Cohen &
Hammer, 1997; Jarrold, Butler, Cottington & Jimenez, 2000; Loth et al., 2008), to moderate
correlations (Burnette et al., 2005), to no evidence of a correlation (Beaumont & Newcombe, 2006;
Biao,

Endogenous Money : Implications For The Money Supply...
Endogenous Money: Implications for the Money Supply Process, Interest Rates, and
Macroeconomics Abstract
Endogenous money represents a mainstay of Post Keynesian (PK) macroeconomics. PK theory
challenged monetarism's description of the money supply process. The focus of PK endogenous
money theory is the mechanics of the money supply process. PK theory is itself divided between
"horizontalist" and "structuralist" approaches to the money supply. Horizontalists believe the
behavior of financial institutions is unconstrained by the availability of liquidity (reserves) provided
by the central bank and the supply–price of finance to banks is fixed at a price set by the central
bank. The important difference is that structuralists emphasize the role of bank lending in
determining the money supply.
Structuralists believe liquidity pressures matter and the supply price of finance to banks can increase
endogenously.
Endogenous money represents a mainstay of Post Keynesian (PK) macroeconomics, and the PK
theory of endogenous money constitutes a significant contribution to macroeconomic theory. PK
endogenous money theory emphasizes that this linkage runs predominantly from credit to money to
economic activity. This contrasts with conventional representations that place money first, as
reflected in the standard textbook money multiplier story in which bank deposits are said to create
loans.
II Against monetarism: the origins of PK endogenous money theory
The cornerstone of

Theories of the Atonement
Erickson (1998) says there are a few theories on the atonement depending on how your read certain
scripture, the theories are as follows: The Socinian Theory (1998:801); This theory speaks of Christ
on the Cross as a perfect example of what kind of dedication followers of God must do, there is no
connection to a sacrificial death whatsoever. The moral influence theory (1998:802); This theory
believes the cross was an example of God's love and not much more. The Governmental theory
(1998:806); This theory sees the death of Christ on the Cross as atonement and also as a picture to
the believer as to how serious sin is, and it must not be taken lightly. The Ransom Theory
(1998:810); In this theory it is proposed, and quite popularly so, that ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
"Accordingly reconciliation proceeds by doing away with sin, and the method of doing this was by
the atoning death of Christ" (Morris 1965:250). What is being said, and the conclusion we have
already come to, yet are just confirming, is that sin was our problem, God through Christ on the
cross was our solution, this is our atonement, Christ's death on the Cross, and this is our Gospel.
"Moved by the perfection of His Holy love, God in Christ substituted himself for us sinners. That is
the heart of the cross of Christ... What God in Christ has done through the cross is to rescue us,
disclose Himself and overcome evil" (Stott 2006:195).
"So in Christ, believing in Christ, incorporated in Him, we can face the law without any fear,
without any tremor or quiver" (Lloyd–Jones 2003:336). The good Doctor here is speaking about the
law given to the Israelites for them to be set apart from other nations, and for them to be set apart for
God, the law was impossible to keep, yet there was a way around it with the animal sacrifices, this
Jesus fulfilled completely in His atoning death on the cross, the law no longer has any power over
those who believe in Jesus.
"If he was going to accomplish the work that the Father sent Him to do, and if people were going to
be redeemed for God, then it was necessary for Him to die on the cross...there was no other way for
God to save us than for Christ to die in our place" (Grudem

Crime Victimization
Violent victimization and hooking up among strangers may be two separate and independent issues,
but they have areas and aspects that have similarities. However, it is imperative to understand these
two aspects are common in the current societies and communities, and changing ideas and
perspectives in the world has propagated them. Shaffer and Ruback (2002) suggest that violent
victimization, as an independent aspect, is a feature found among younger people in the community,
and further, can be classified in intensity among various aspects such as age, gender, race, and to
some extent, the level and extent of physical development. These authors find that some people are
more at risk of violent victimizations than others. Additionally, the authors ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Seigel (2006) further suggests that this theory differs from the victim precipitation theory in a major
way since the victims of victimization does not have any effect on the crime to be committed. The
victims do not play any part in increasing the instances of victimizations on themselves. Rather, the
victims suffer victimization as a result of being in areas that are prone to such actions and
interactions. Therefore, the theory recommends a total change of the venue or place that the victims
lives so that he or she leaves the deviant place. The places where these crimes are high are known as
deviant, and these areas will increase the chances of an individual's victimization, and there is
nothing that the individual can do to change this, except moving from the deviant areas. However,
there are trends. that arise from an analysis of lifestyles, and deviant areas since it has been noted
that social and economic inequality over time has resulted in more minorities in the victim seat.
Under the deviant theory, it becomes evident that more minorities are found in low–income areas
and because they have low incomes, they find themselves unable to move away from the same
areas, which are crime ridden and deviant. Of note is that there are no sufficient

Origin of the Earth
THEORIES OF THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE
1. Steady State Theory – based on the perfect cosmological principle that the universe looks
the same from any location at anytime. This theory holds that the universe is unchanging, it has no
beginning and no end.
2. Big Bang Theory – presupposes that the vast universe grew out of something where all
matter and energy were compressed to infinite density and heated to trillions of degrees (a beginning
which was an immensely small particle of high–density state. The four basic forces of nature
– gravity, electromagnetism, strong and weak atomic forces – were unified in that
tiny particle. This particle exploded into a great fire ball releasing the basic forces. Rapid expansion
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here is where the star leaves the main sequence. This collapse begins to create more and more
pressure inside the star until it is sufficient to have the fusing process of helium begin in the core,
while some of the remaining hydrogen burns just outside of it. The products of this helium burning
is carbon and oxygen. The star swells, and depending on its size, either becomes a red giant or a red
supergiant.
(ref. http://library.thinkquest.org/26220/stars/formation.html)
THEORIES OF THE ORIGIN OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM
The Accretion theory
This assumes that the Sun passed through a dense interstellar cloud and emerged surrounded by a
dusty, gaseous envelope. It thus separates the formation of the Sun from that of the planets thus
losing problem 1.
The problem which remains is that of getting the cloud to form the planets. The terrestrial planets
can form in a reasonable time but the gaseous planets take far too long to form. The theory does not
explain satellites or Bode's law and must be considered the weakest of those described here.
The Protoplanet theory
This assumes that initially there is a dense interstellar cloud which will eventually produce a cluster
of stars. Dense regions in the cloud form and coalesce; as the small blobs have random spins the
resulting stars will have a low rotation rates. The planets are smaller blobs captured by the star. The
small blobs would have higher rotation than is seen in the planets but the theory accounts for

Essay about Boyz N Da Hood
This popular film 'Boyz N the Hood', which was nominated for both best director and original
screenplay takes place in South Central Los Angeles, California. Before the opening seen of the
movie there are two messages that come across the screen about violence in South Central, LA. The
one message states that one out of every twenty one black American males will be murdered in their
lifetime. The other message says that most will die at the hands of another black male. The plot of
the movie is based about a young male named Tre' who was sent to live with his father in South
Central to learn discipline and life lessons. Before moving in with his father Tre' was following the
path of a criminal lifestyle. Tre' then learns from his father ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
As the movie starts, it talks about two statistics that I found extremely interesting. The first statistic
that was put up on screen said one out of every twenty one black American males will be murdered
in their lifetime. The next statistic said that most will die at the hands of another black man. At the
beginning of the movie it starts off with a little young boy named Tre' that lived with his mother.
After starting a fight in school, his mom had enough of his actions and Tre' voided his contract with
him mom saying he wouldn't get into any more fights. His mom sent Tre' to live with his father in
South Central. Upon arriving at his house he quickly learns the ropes of his father's way of handling
things. Tre' was not there for five minutes and his father had him raking up the leaves in the front
yard. Later on that night his father fills him in on the other rules of the house. This showed me that
there was a good discipline in the house. That type of discipline helped Tre' out in the long run and
changed his life for the better. The theory that I think really explains this movie is the routine
activities theory. This theory talks about three requirements, the first being a suitable target, the
second is absences of capable guardians, and the final being motivated offenders. Growing up Tre'
lived in a neighborhood where suitable targets

Nt1310 Unit 1 Atomic Theory
Unit 1: Atomic Theory
Summary of Quantum Numbers Principal quantum number, n: the main electron energy levels or
shells (n) | Secondary quantum number, l: the electron sublevels or subshells; tells you orbital shape
(0 to n–1) | Magnetic quantum number, ml : the orbital orientation of a sublevel (–l to +l) | Spin
quantum number, ms : the electron spin (+1/2 or –1/2) | 1 | 0 | 0 | +1/2, –1/2 | 2 | 01 | 0–1,0,+1 | +1/2,
–1/2+1/2, –1/2 | 3 | 012 | 0–1,0,+1–2,–1, 0, +1, +2 | +1/2, –1/2+1/2, –1/2+1/2, –1/2 |
Energy Level Diagrams:
Pauli exlusion principle: no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers; no
two electrons in the same atomic orbital can have the same spin
Aufbau principle: each electron is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Example (p 220 #12): Write a complete ground–state electron configuration for each of the
following atoms or ions (a) Mg (d) Rb
(b) S2– (e) Au
(c) K+
Example (p220 # 13): Write the shorthand electron configuration for each of the following atoms or
ions (a) Yttrium
(b) Antimony
(c) Barium ion
Example (p220 #15): Identify the following atoms or ions from their electron configurations (a) W:
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p3
(b) X+: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6
(c) Y –: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p6
(d) Z: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s24f 11

Procedure for Drawing Lewis Structures: 1. Arrange atoms symmetrically around the central atoms
(usually listen first in the formula, not usually oxygen and never hydrogen) 2. Count the number of
valence electrons of all atoms 3. Place a bonding pair of electrons between the central atom and each
of the surrounding atoms 4. Complete the octets o the surrounding atoms using lone pairs of
electrons. Any remaining electrons go on the central atom 5. If the central atom does not have an
octet, move lone pairs from the surrounding atoms to form double or triple bonds until the central
atom has a complete octet 6. Draw the Lewis structure
Example: Draw a Lewis symbol for each of the following (a) CCl4 (b) PCl3 (c) H2O (d) NH3
Valence Bond Theory: *

The Religious Symbolism and Architecture of Angkor Wat and...
Introduction
Built by the Khmers between 802 and 1220 AD, the ancient temples of Angkor Wat exist as the
remaining relics of a historically and religiously rich city. While many other historical and religious
structures in Cambodia have disappeared due in part from being constructed out of vulnerable
materials like wood, Angkor Wat still remains as a symbol of the divinity of its former kings, as well
as for the palace itself. Likewise, Indonesia's Borodubur temples exist as the single remaining
structures of the city. The temples of Angkor Wat and Borodubur hold several similarities within
architecture and symbolism, both being heavily based on religious belief. However, different
features within both structures, architecturally and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Decorative elements through out the towers and galleries present their own characteristics and fulfill
specific needs within the temple. The towers are formed into the shape of the ever–popular lotus
buds, and the galleries are used to expand the many passageways of the temple. Also, the axial
galleries within the temple are used to connect several enclosures. Characteristic decorative
components of Angkor Wat include narrative and historical bas–reliefs, pediments, and devatas. The
bas–reliefs located in the gallery of Angkor Wat holds a special signification for Angkor Wat. The
gallery displays heaven and the underworld in which garudas and lions are holding the celestial
palaces. These gerudas indicate that the palaces were floating in heaven, comparing Angkor Wat to
the palaces of the Gods. This display furthers the idea that Angkor Wat acts as a liason between the
world of Heaven and Earth. Because the palace physically remains on earth but spiritually resides
within heaven, the palace acts as communal place for believers to gather.
The bas–reliefs and pictures did not only serve to decorate the palaces, or depict stories of the past.
They hold the important task of transforming the palace into a "celestial dwelling" or heavenly
place. Further evidence to support this notion is

The Idea Of Natural Selection
The idea of anthropocentrism provides comfort to humans. It posits that in this messy,
incomprehensible world, we are still the central species. This idea allows, and even encourages,
humans to view the world through a very anthropological lens and assume that, because we are the
dominant and most important species, nature works in human terms and is the domain of man. The
idea of creationism is very anthropocentric itself. In the Hebrew Bible, man was created before all
other animals and designed in God's image. He was given domain over nature by God as well. This
idea of human supremacy and exceptionalism has persisted into modernity, but the advent of
Darwin's evolutionary theory altered human's perception of themselves and the natural world.
The typical belief in human dominance was shaken through Darwin's idea of natural selection and
evolution which posited that humans, just as all other species "descended from some one prototype"
(484). The descendants of this one prototype evolved based on natural selection. Evolution led to the
creation of all organisms, living and extinct, including humans. The theory of evolution challenged
the ideas of human exceptionalism and anthropocentrism by including humans in the same category
as all other organisms, organisms that we as humans feel superior to. In evolutionary theory, humans
become simply another species that managed to survive the "struggle for existence" rather than a
master of nature created in the image of

Theories Of Personality Theory
Theories of Personality–Dispositional and Evolutionary or Biological Personality Your Name
Institution Theories of Personality– Dispositional and Evolutionary or Biological Personality
Scientists believe that personality is often a huge factor that determines the choices that we make in
daily lives. Personality is not unique to humans, animals also have distinct personalities; any pet
owner will agree. The question that we are first inclined to ask is "what is personality? Why do we
need it?" The answer to the first question is fairly simple; according to Feist & Rosenberg (2009), "
personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both
consistency and individuality to a person's behaviour". There are two approaches as far as
personality theories are concerned, viz. dispositional theory and biological or trait–based theories.
These theories are constitute of many other smaller theories. The primary theorists discussed in the
following sections are Eysenck, Alloport, Tupes, Goldberg and Christal. Dispositional Personality
theory Dispositional personality theory is a combination of theories with a central theme; all of them
attribute personality to innate attributes of an individual. According to the dispositional ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
in his book "Dimensions of Personality" Eysenck (1947) proposed a three factor personality model.
Other proponents of the trait based model of personality was Allport, (1961) who divided
personality into cardinal traits, central traits and secondary traits. According to Allport, the cardinal
traits are most important as an individual's main life choices are determined by these traits. The
Central traits determine the rules for daily interactions and most people have five to ten central
traits. Finally, the secondary traits are occasional attributes that are displayed only under special

The Pros And Cons Of Modern Monetary Theory
Modern monetary theory (MMT) Modern monetary theory explains exclusively how the
government, central bank and the commercial banking sector interacts, with some economists
arguing that understanding of reserve accounting is critical to understanding monetary policy
options. This theory was developed by a group of economist including Randal Wray (2009) and Bill
Mitchell. All of the commercial banks will also have an account with the central bank. This permits
the banks to manage their reserves that is, the amount of available short–term money that a
particular bank holds. So when the government spends, treasury will debit its cash operating account
at the central bank, and deposit this money into private bank accounts (and hence into the
commercial ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In most countries, commercial banks' reserve accounts with the central bank must have a positive
balance at the end of every day; in some countries, the amount is specifically set as a proportion of
the liabilities a bank have that is on its customers. This is known as a reserve requirement. At the
end of every day, a commercial bank will have to examine the status of their reserve accounts. Those
that are in deficit have the option of borrowing the required funds from the central bank, where they
may be charged a lending rate which is also referred to as the discount rates on the amount they
borrow. In a balanced system, where there are just enough total reserves for all the banks to meet
requirements, the short–term interbank lending rate will be in between the support rate and the
discount rate. Both the Treasury and the central bank are involved in these reserve management
operations to maintain interest rate stability (Palley, 2012). This applies to the relationship between
the Central Bank of Kenya and its regulatory requirement to maintain a capping that is below 14%.
CBK finances commercial banks at much lower rate on their borrowing so that the banks can fix
their interest charges on borrowed money at certain percentage that must not exceed the limit set by
the

Social Disorganization And Crime
Social Disorganization Theory emphasizes the concern of low income neighborhoods and the crime
rates within those areas. It concludes that individuals from these poorer areas are more likely to
engage in criminal activity therefore the said area will have a higher crime rate. The article, Social
disorganizations and crime rates in U.S. central cities: Toward an explanation of urban economic
change by Joong–Hwan Oh, explains how certain areas in society are linked to crime by analyzing
crime rates in central cities depending on the urban economy. Joong–Hwan Oh brings to light the
importance of urban economic change in central city social disorganization and crime rates in those
areas. The purpose of this study is to discuss the changes in

The Importance Of Human Rights
The topic of human rights has been a well–documented and deliberated subject throughout history.
There are various conflicting views about human rights, many of which have led to conflict's in the
past. American philosopher Martha Nussbaum detailed her capabilities approach on the theory of
human rights in 2001 in "Capabilities as fundamental entitlements: Sen and Social Justice.
Nussbaum's central human capabilities have since been used in a wide variety of philosophy
literature, notably in "Cosmopolitanism a philosophy for global ethics" by Stan Van Hooft.
Nussbaum's capabilities theory is centred around 10 major elements. This essay will critique and
analyse Nussbaum's theory, and assess if Nussbaum's elements are of central importance to
understanding human rights. In my opinion, what is of central importance to human rights is fair
values and equal opportunity. This entails that every individual no matter what situation they are
born into should have adequate access to resources to reach their full potential. This includes and is
not limited to race, gender, sexual orientation and religion. Society has recently started to take a
stand against this violation of our human rights and will hopefully continue to stamp out any
negative behaviour hindering the potential of individuals in society. Throughout this essay the
capabilities that Nussbaum outlined will be individually evaluated on whether they are of central
importance in understanding human rights and if they follow within what I believe to be of central
importance to understanding human rights. Nussbaum's ideologies of human rights stem from
Aristotle (Van Hooft, p. 73, 2014) who's theory is one of that human's need to be able to realise there
potential by having access to opportunities (Pakaluk, p.379, 2012). Nussbaum attempts to not label
humans such as "biologists might" but through "self–expression" and how individuals come to "deal
with one another" (Van Hooft p.74). This is reflected throughout Nussbaum's list of capabilities as
they aim to ensure that all individuals are treated equally and fairly. This is shown in Nussbaum's
first capability which is "Life". The first capability of Nussbaum's theory understandably is very
broad and

Major Sociological Theories
In sociology, there are three major theories. These theories are Structural Functionalism, Conflict
Theory and Symbolic Interaction. There are many people who have influenced all three of these
theories. Although not all of these theories are still used much now, the thoughts and views that
emerged from these theories are still referenced to this day. Ideas used in these theories helped shape
new theories and teach us a lot about understanding society and what shapes it. During my research
and readings I definitely gravitated towards Symbolic Interaction more so than Structural
Functionalism or Conflict Theory. Structural Functionalism is the thought that society is very
complex and all the parts of it work together. Herbert Spencer compared ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
I definitely believe that humans place meanings on events and objects and different behaviors. I
myself, put meaning on everything in my life. The symbolic meaning placed on certain things gets
passed along to people in a society throughout time. Sometimes these symbols are negative, but
have a positive spin placed on them to make it appealing for the people in a society. An example of
this is smoking because everyone knows the health risks and they still choose to smoke because it is
made to look like a "cool" thing. During my research, I read that when it comes to race and gender,
we as a society place beliefs about a person just because of their looks. Symbolic Interaction is
based on three core principals being language, thought and meaning. Language allows
communication between people based on the symbols. Thought allows people to interpret these
symbols. The meanings that people place on certain things define how they will act toward others
and is thought to be the central aspect of human

Student
APPLICATION OF NURSING THEORY TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: THE SELF–CARE
MODEL OF DOROTHEA OREM Introduction The purpose of this paper is to discuss the
application of Dorothea Orem's Self–Care Model of Nursing to clinical nurse practice. The central
thesis of the paper is that Orem's theory has strong utility for application to modern day clinical
practice and can be applied to most any case in order to attain the desired medical and caring
outcomes. The presented discussion will support this perspective of Orem's theory. The paper begins
with a brief overview of the theory which is then followed by a delineation of a non–nursing theory
that supports one or more of Orem's self–care notions. The next section of the paper presents a ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Support for the Orem Self–Care Model lies not only in the fact that it fits well with the larger
category of Developmental Theory but also in the fact that Developmental Theories in general tend
to be frameworks or conceptual structures that are well supported by existing research in a wide
variety of areas of scientific inquiry (Curd & Cover, 1998). Historical Overview of the Evolution of
Orem's Self–Care Model In the latter half of the twentieth century, a movement within nursing
began to define itself as a profession rather than an occupation. Nursing became a self–regulated
profession throughout North America in the early 1960's through the establishment of Nursing Acts
in provincial and state legislatures. Thus, nurses were given the legal authority to define, monitor
and enforce education and competence standards, and define a code of ethics with the overall
purpose of protecting the public interest. Further, a good deal of attention began to increasingly
focus on nursing theory. Thus, it was upon the foundation of conceptualizing the professional nature
of nursing as a field of medical practice that Orem's theory was laid. Regarding the theory itself,
Alligood and Marriner–Tomey (2001) state that Orem's Self–Care theory, as it was originally
conceived in 1959, was a systems model which the authors define as a conceptual model of nursing
that focuses on the organization,

Social Disorganization Theory Of Crime

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Social Disorganization Theory Of Crime

Similar to Social Disorganization Theory Of Crime (9)

More from Susan Tullis

More from Susan Tullis (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Social Disorganization Theory Of Crime