2. INTRODUCTION
Curriculum is the crux of the whole
educational process. Without curriculum, we cannot
conceive of any educational endeavor. School curriculum
of a country, like its constitution, reflects the ethos of
that country. The term curriculum derives from the Latin
word ‘currere’ which means a kind of route which the
learner travels. All the activities going on the school or
outside of the school is called curriculum. It is basic to
the intellectual, physical, moral and emotional
development of the child. Usually the term curriculum is
understood to mean a group of subjects prescribed for
study in a particular course. But curriculum is not
confined to this narrow concept. The curriculum should
in no way be considered as synonymous with courses of
study .The courses of study list much of the content to be
learnt and indicate some of the major activities but these
from only part of the curriculum. Curriculum should be
considered as a broad –based term encompassing every
aspect concerning the study of the course .It is now
3. considered as the totality of experiences to which a pupil
is exposed within the boundaries of the cool and outside.
Principles of curriculum construction
Curriculum organization is a scientific process
which involves basic principles on which its credibility
exists. It is not just collection of topics, because it reflects
ethos (philosophy/culture) of the society: themes of the
subject and learning variability.
1. Principles of Child-Centeredness
Curriculum is mainly for the students. So,
the age, interest, capability, capacity, aspiration, needs
and psychology of the learner should be taken in to an
account.
2. Principles of Community-Centeredness
The social needs and the local needs of the
learner should be taken into account while
we construct the curriculum .It should be
reflect the values of democracy, ethos and
main concerns of the country.
4. 3. Principles of Balance/ Integration.
(Child=Community) It is also called principles of
integration. The curriculum should integrate; 1.
Cognitive, affective and psychomotor objectives and
abilities.2.Knowledge and experience 3.Objectives and
content.4.Child’s activity and needs with the society
needs activity .It should be related to the social
environment of the students. Here the equal/balance
importance should be given to the Child and need of the
Community.
4. Principles of Needs
Curriculum helps in fulfilling the various needs of
the learner .Each learner has his needs which are
generally related to physical, emotional and social
development. A well planned curriculum provides all
such opportunities through many fold activities which
satisfies the needs of the learner. It should not be
merely the academic but it should include all other
equally important activities too.
5. Principles of Utility
5. One of the purposes of education is to prepare the
child for living and learning .This is the most important
consideration, so that the child can live a fruitful and
self-fulfilling life .Curriculum should provide rich
experiences, both academic and social to the students.
The content, activities and experience of the curriculum
at a particular stage/ grade are useful to the learner for
the further/higher studies.
6. Principles of Creativity
It should place the pupil in the place of the
discoverer and provision should be made the creative
types of activities.
7 .Principles of preservation/Conservation
It should help in the preservation /conversation and
transmitting the knowledge, traditions, standards of
conduct on which the culture and civilization depend.
8. Principle of Variety
In a classroom there are different types of the
students on the basis of intelligence, ability, aptitude and
attitude. The curriculum should satisfy the variety of
knowledge, varying interest, needs of the students.
6. 9. Principle of Elasticity/Flexibility
Flexibility is an important parting curriculum
development .It should given enough time and sufficient
chance to the students, to search their own examples
and experience from the surroundings.
10. Principle of ContemporaryKnowledge
Curriculum should give the modern or current
knowledge and theories to the students. That will give
the knowledge of utilization of local resources (salt,
plants, soil) to the students. While organizing the
curriculum the following principles also should be
followed:
11. Principles of sequencing
12. Principles of Continuity
13. Principles of Accuracy
14. Principles of Adequacy
15. Principles of Interest
16. Principles of Readiness
17. Principles of Meaningfulness
7. 18. Principles of Continuous Evaluation
CONCLUSION
The curriculum is the totality of experiences that
the child gains through the multifarious activities in the
school. The review of the present curriculum is reveal
that it is subject oriented, examination ridden, not in
conformity with the aims and objective of the teaching
science, rigid and outfits the different age group. So, it is
imperative that the present curriculum should be
reorganizing the light of the principles mentioned above.
8. REFERENCE
Kerr John F., Changing the Curriculum, UNI Books,
University of London, 1974.
Report of the secondary Education commission, G o v t
of India, Curriculum and Evaluation, NCERT, New Delhi.
National curriculum for Primary and Secondary
Education.
