Nationalism grew stronger in several countries in the 1800s: - Matthew Perry forced Japan to open to trade in 1853, helping end its isolationist period and spurring modernization. - Greece gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1832 after revolting with foreign support. - Mohammed Ali modernized Egypt in the early 1800s, establishing an Egyptian national identity. - The Indian Rebellion of 1857 resisted British rule in India, leading the British to take formal control and begin the British Raj period of rule.

1. Nationalism

2. Nationalism Defined:
“a feeling that people have of being loyal
to and proud of their country often with
the belief that it is better and more
important than other countries.”

3. Prior to the Civil War, people said:
“These United States”

4. After the Civil War, people said:
“The United States”

6. Significant Nationalistic Events
• Matthew Perry in Japan
• The Greek Revolution
• Egypt and Mohammed Ali
• Indian Rebellion of 1857

7. Matthew Perry in Japan
Not
“Matthew Perry”
from Friends
Commodore
Matthew Perry
US Navy

8. Matthew Perry (1794-1858)
Commodore
Matthew Perry
US Navy
Perry was a Commodore of
the U.S. Navy and commanded
a number of ships. He served
in several wars, most notably
in the Mexican-American
War and the War of 1812. He
was sent to Japan to help open
trade with Japan by U.S.
President Millard Fillmore

9. Matthew Perry in Japan
Before Perry’s arrival in Japan in 1853, Japan
was ruled by the feudal Tokugawa Shogunate
(1600-1868) and had an isolationist policy
toward other countries that had lasted almost
200 years.
In fact, the Tokugawas were hostile toward
Christianity and made it punishable by death
for a Christian missionary to set foot on
Japanese soil at one point.

11. The Tokugawa Shogunate
Tokugawa Heirarchy
Emperor: The head of the empire. There is
only one.
Shogun: Although the emperor was head
of the empire, this supreme military leader
had the higher power.
Daimyos: These men were the military
lords. They are subjects to the shogun.
Samurai: The warriors of the military they
are highly respected.
Farmers: They were highly respected in
this society because they grew their own
food.
Artisans: Produced many necessary goods.
they were still considered less important
than the farmers.
Peasants: At the bottom because they
didn't contribute much to society.

12. Matthew Perry in Japan
In July 1853, Perry led four
warships into the harbor at
Edo, Japan and he
demanded – by way of a
letter from U.S. President
Millard Fillmore and a show
of military force – that Japan
open itself for trade.Japanese rendition of Perry’s “Black Ships”

13. Matthew Perry in Japan
By 1854, Japan was open to trade with the West and
Tokugawa Shogunate was nearing its end. It fell in
1867 when the Meiji Era (Era of Enlightened Rule)
began. This is seen as the birth of modern Japan.

15. The Greek Revolution
After 1453 when Constantinople fell to
the Ottomans, Greece became part of the
Ottoman Empire.
After almost 400 years as part of the
empire, the Greeks revolted from
1821-1832 with the support of Russia,
England and France.

16. The Greek Revolution
The Greeks gained independence in 1832 and
their victory, though seemingly small at the
time, began the downfall of the Ottoman
Empire.
The Greek Revolution was followed other
successful revolutions within the Empire as
Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania and Armenia all
fought for and eventually gained their
independence.

17. Egypt and Mohammed Ali
Not
“The Greatest”
Mohammed Ali of
Egypt

18. Egypt and Mohammed Ali
Mohammed Ali (1769 – 1849) is revered as the Father of
Modern Egypt. He seized power in 1811 in the aftermath of
a civil war involving the Ottomans, Egyptians and Albanians.
Ali, who was actually an Albanian commander, reformed
Egypt by:
• Modernizing the Army and the Navy
• Sending Egyptian students to study in the European
universities; when they returned they became professors
• Introducing the best cotton type to Egypt, which became
its No. 1 export
• Maintaining good relations with European countries so as
to be always aware and in contact with the modern world.

19. Egypt and Mohammed Ali
Though Egypt wouldn’t gain its
independence until 1922, Ali is given
credit for the beginning of the Egyptian
national identity in the modern world.

20. Like every other
Mother Country that
ever established
colonies anywhere in
the world, the whole
point was to gain
natural resources and
make money

21. Indian Rebellion of 1857
The British East India Company gained a
foothold in India in the 1600’s and began
expanding by playing one local ruler against
another and picking up the pieces.
This was made possible by the fact that India
was not and had never been a united country.
There had been several empires, but never a
united India.

23. Indian Rebellion of 1857
Using indirect rule, the British began taking
over more territory and began using local
Indian soldiers (sepoys) as two-thirds of their
military presence.
The majority of sepoys were either Hindu or
Muslims, but also included other Indians of
various backgrounds and castes. The inclusion
of these other soldiers became an issue.

24. Indian Rebellion of 1857
The rebellion began in May 1857. The
major issue was that Indian soldiers were
asked to bite off the paper cartridges for
their new Enfield rifles were greased with
Tallow (animal fat, namely from beef and
pork.) This was, and is, against the
religious beliefs of Hindus and Muslims,
respectively.

26. Indian Rebellion of 1857
The British steadily regained control, mainly
because the rebellion took place in a relatively
small area and not a nationwide rebellion

27. By June 1858, the rebellion was contained and
many of the rebellion’s leaders were executed;
some were “blown from cannon.”

28. After the revolt, the British East India Company
was disbanded by Parliament and India
became a British colony. It was at this point
that the British Raj (rule) began, which lasted
from 1858-1947

29. Queen Victoria (1819-1901)
Queen of Great Britain whose
reign saw the British Empire
reach its height of wealth and
power. Her name defines The
Victorian Era of British
domination of global imperialism.
“The Sun Never Sets on the British
Empire.”

31. Technological Gains from
Imperialism/Nationalism

33. The Suez Canal (1869)
• Connected the
Mediterranean Sea to the
Red Seas to expand
international trade between
European countries and their
colonies in Asia and Africa
• Enabled faster troop
movement from Europe to
control political rebellion
• Modernized Egypt
• Poor Egyptian financial
management led to British
oversight of the canal and
eventual occupation of Egypt

34. The Panama Canal (1914)
• Connects trade and
colonial oversight
between the Atlantic
and the Pacific Oceans
• Latin America
becomes a world trade
crossroads

35. • The Industrial Revolution created a need
for raw materials and markets for
manufactured goods.
• Colonialism filled this need.
• Colonialism led to imperialism.
• Imperialism is a feature of both
mercantilism and capitalism.
Imperialism Review