Introduction &definition a) Nanotechnology b) Nanobiotechnology History Terms related to Nanotechnology Nanoscale technology Some Nanoscale related terms What are Nanosensors How nanosensors work DNA Nanotechnology How Nanotechnology works in different fields Advantages & application of Nanotechnology Disadvantages Conclusion References

1. By
KAUSHAL KUMAR SAHU
Assistant Professor (Ad Hoc)
Department of Biotechnology
Govt. Digvijay Autonomous P. G. College
Raj-Nandgaon ( C. G. )

2. Synopsis
 Introduction &definition
 a) Nanotechnology
 b) Nanobiotechnology
 History
 Terms related to Nanotechnology
 Nanoscale technology
 Some Nanoscale related terms
 What are Nanosensors
 How nanosensors work
 DNA Nanotechnology
 How Nanotechnology works in different fields
 Advantages & application of Nanotechnology
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion
 References

3. 1)INTRODUCTION
 Nanotechnology:
 Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials,
devices and systems through control of matter on the
nanometer length scale (1-100 nanometers), and exploitation
of novel phenomena and properties (physical, chemical,
biological, mechanical, electrical...) at that length scale.

 For comparison, 10 nanometers is 1000 times smaller than
the diameter of a human hair.
 Various nano-fields have emerged: nanomedicine,
nanoengineering, nanoagriculture, and many more.

4. Definition:
 Nanotechnology is defined as the study and use of structures
between 1 nanometer and 100 nanometers in size.
 or
 Nanotechnology is the study of phenomena and fine-tuning of
materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales,
where properties differ significantly from those at a larger
scale.


5. Nanobiotechnology :
 Nanobiotechnology is that branch of nanotechnology that
deals with biological and biochemical applications or uses.
 Nanobiotechnology often studies existing elements of living
organisms and nature to fabricate new nano-devices. .
 Generally, nanobiotechnology refers to the use of
nanotechnology to further the goals of biotechnology.

6. Definition
 Nanobiotechnology refers to the ways that nanotechnology is
used to create devices to study biological systems.
 Or
 Nanobiotechnology is an area of scientific and technological
opportunity that applies the tools and processes of
nanofabrication to advance research in life sciences.


7. 2)Historical background
 1974-Taniguchi uses term "nano-technology" in paper on ion-
sputter machining.
 1977-Drexler originates molecular nanotechnology concepts
at MIT.
 1985-Buckyball discovered.
 1991-Carbon nanotube discovered by S.Iijima.
 1996-NASA begins work in computational nanotech.
 1998-First DNA-based nanomechanical device.
 2009-Structural DNA nanotechnology arrays devices to
capture molecular building blocks.
 2010-DNA-based 'robotic' assembly begins.
 2011-First programmable nanowire circuits for
nanoprocessors.

8. 3)some common terms related to nanotechnology and
its applications:
 nanoscale — The scale of measurement to the atomic and
molecular size, normally 1 to 100 nanometers. A nanometer
(nm) is one-billionth of a meter — smaller than the
wavelength of visible light and a hundred-thousandth the
width of an average human hair.
 Nanowires - Nanowires are wires with a very small diameter,
sometimes as small as 1 nanometer.
 Nanoparticles: any particle less than 100 nm.
 Nanomaterials : They contain nanoparticles, smaller than
100 nanometres in at least one dimension.
 buckyball — Buckminsterfullerene C60, also known as the
“buckyball,”

9. Nanotube
 Based on carbon or other elements, these systems consist of
graphitic layers seamlessly shaped into cylinders.
 Carbon nanotubes are found in 1985.Fullerenes played vital role in
discovery of carbon nanotubes. The molecule discovered was
named as C60.
 Properties :
 Highest strength and stiffness.
 Easy penetration in the cellular structures
 Unique and outstanding electronic properties.
 Uses :-Breast Cancer Tumor Destruction
 Air Craft Stress Reduction
 Wind Mill Blades
 bullet-proof jacket

10. Atomic force microscope (AFM) or scanning force
microscope (SFM)
 A high-resolution type of scanning probe microscope with a
demonstrated resolution of fractions of a nanometer,
 electron beam lithography — Electron beam lithography
(often abbreviated as e-beam lithography) is the practice of
using a beam of electrons to generate patterns on a surface.
 Nanomedicine — the application of nanotechnology to the
prevention and treatment of disease in the human body.

11. 4) Nanoscale technology:
 Nanoscale: Size range from approximately from 1 nm to 100
nm.
 Nanoscale technology is a branch of nanotechnology in
which standard size tools are used to manufacture simple
structures and devices with dimensions on the order of a few
nanometer or less, where one nanometer (1 nm) is equal to a
billionth of a meter (10 -9 m).
 Some Nanoscale Related Terms:
 Crossbar latch
 Spintronics
 Graphene transistor


13. 5)What are Nanosensors?
 Another wonderful invention of nanotechnology are
nanosensors these are biological ,chemical or surgical
sensory edges or points which are used to detect and transfer
nano particle information to the other devices such as
microscopic/macroscopic world.
 How nanosensors works?
 Nanosensors works with there special sentation ability which
can detect information and data .
 There arrangement is like ordinary sensors but the major
difference between sensors and nanosensors is that nano
sensors are developed at nanoscalae which makes them
distinguished from ordinary ones.

14.  Example:
 The most famous example of nanosensors which includes
use of flourescence characteristics of cadmium selenide
quantum dots to discover tumor in the body.
 These small dots are injected in the infected area of the
human body,so doctors could determine the exact stage of
cancer or tumor.
 Types of nanosensors
 There are many types of nanosensors such as:
 Chemical nanosensors
 Synthetic nanosensors

15. DNA Nanotechnology
 Its a branch of sceinces which deals direclty with the atomic
particles of any substance.They are used to design
appropriate and desired structure which can be controlled at
any given point.
 DNA nanotechnology uses of DNA building blocks to
develop new complex DNA structures with powerful
characteristics. DNA is usually a straight and smooth
molecule, whose total axis is unbranched. but DNA particles
having junctions can also be created.

16.  Design approaches of Dna nanotechnology:

There are several approaches in which DNA strcutures can be
designed some of them are listed below:

 Tile-based structural Approach
 Folding structural approach
 Kinetic assembling
 Sequence design

17.  Applications of DNA Nanotechnology:

 DNA nanotechnology focuses the development of new
molecular arrangments with enhanced characteristcics along
with modified structures .
 They are used in many important work areas wherer this
technology is facilitating the world.Kidney trackers,
molecular match makers, mahicnes for managing the
nuclear reactions all are the applications of DNA
nanotechnology.
 The most important advantage of DNA technology is in the
curing of fatal diseases.

18. Advantages & application of Nanotechnology :
 Medical application :
 1)Nonomedicine
 There is a huge range of Nanomedicine devices which involves
medical applications of nanomaterials, nanoelectronic biosensors.
 One of the biggest advantage of naonoemdicne is that it can
transform common medical procedures into faster one with 90
percent accuracy rate. Some of the examples of such implicational
procedures are given below:
 Diagnosis using nanomedicine
 Nervous system tracking
 Drugs dispersion.
 Tissue engineering
 Heart and ECG machine.

19.  Artificial antibodies.
 Drug Delivery
 2) Shaping memory materials
 3)Use of nanomaterials for water purification
 4) Miniaturizing mechanical surgery


20. Disadvantages of nanotechnology
 Nanoparticles and breathing.
 Nanoparticles due to there their small size can cause inhalation
problem and many other fatal diseases. by just inhaling for
60 seconds in the air contain nano particles can damage lungs
easily.
 Surgeries with nano lasers
 Sometimes surgeries with laser beams with extremely tiny
particles it could become the cause of skin cancer in human as
it revitalize and recover the dead human skin artificially.
 Working with nanotechnology is quite risky also.
 Nanotechnology has raised the standard of living but at the same
time, it has increased the pollution, which includes water
pollution, air pollution. The pollution caused by nanotechnology
is known as nano pollution. This kind of pollution is very
dangerous for living organisms.


21. Nanotechnology Today
 Nanotechnology is currently used in such fields as display
technology for laptop computers, cell phones, and digital
cameras, and in water filtration.
 Current medical uses of nanotechnology include:
 burn and wound dressings
 a dental-bonding agent
 sunscreens
 protective and glare-reducing coatings for eyeglasses

22. Nanotechnology Research Centers In India
Nanotechnology
Research Center
Location Year Of Estb. Objective
Bhabha Atomic
Research Center
Mumbai 1954 To fulfill its mandate
of indigenous
nuclear power
programme and
various other
applications of
nuclear energy, etc.
Central Electronics
Research Institute
Rajasthan 1953 Advanced research
and development in
Electronics.
Indian Association
for the Cultivation of
Sciences (IACS)
kolkata 1876 To foster high quality
fundamental
research in frontier
disciplines of the
basic sciences.
Solid State Physics
Laboratory
Delhi 1962 research in the field
of Solid State

23. Conclusion:
 If we talk about the most successful technology till now in
the world of scientific industry then nanotechnology is the
name which blinks in the mind. This technology has
wonderful features, which are not present in any other
technology. The phenomenas, which were not possible few
years back, are now easily implemented with the help of
nanaotechnology.
 Nanobiotechnology is a rapidly advancing area of scientific
&technological opportunity that applies the tools and
processes of Nanotechnology to build devices for studying
biosystems.

24. References:
 Net sources:
 www.Jnanobiotechnology.com
 www.nanomed.com
 www.nanowerk.com
 www.nanodot.com
