power point presentation on Bordetella pertussis

1. Raja Md
-RAJA MD
MICROBIOLOGY

2. CASE STUDY
• 3 week old, Girl
• Presented with a one-week history of coughing and post-tussive vomiting
• Numerous episodes of central cyanosis, associated lethargy & respiratory
distress which had occurred after the coughing fits
• She had a further episode of respiratory distress post coughing that
required facial oxygen and tactile stimulation to recover
• Diagnosed with polymerase chain reaction of the infant's nasopharyngeal
secretions
• After Nasopharyngeal aspirate test, She was started with a course of
Azithromycin

3. Which one of the following bacteria do you
think is more likely to cause this disease?
i. Bordetella Pertussis
ii. Vibrio cholerae
iii. Salmonella Typhi
iv. Streptococcus Pneumoniae

4. CASE STUDY
DIAGNOSTIC RESULT
Polymerase chain reaction of the infant's nasopharyngeal secretions being positive
for Bordetella pertussis
BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS
• Encapsulated coccobacillus of the genus Bordetella
• Gram-negative
• Aerobic
• Pathogenic
computer illustration of Bordetella Pertussis

5. ETIOLOGY
• Bordetella pertussis is the main causative organism for pertussis
• Person to person, Inhaling droplets from sneeze or cough from infected person
.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
• The annual worldwide incidence of
pertussis is estimated to be 48.5
million cases
• Epidemic outbreaks have occurred
in Sweden, Canada, and Germany
• 300,000 deaths from pertussis have
occurred in Africa over the last
decade

6. PATHOGENESIS

7. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
EARLY SYMPTOMS
Can last for 1 to 2 weeks & include:
● Runny nose
● Low-grade fever (generally minimal throughout the course of the disease)
● Mild, occasional cough
● Apnea – a pause in breathing (in babies)
LATE SYMPTOMS
Occurs after 1 to 2 weeks & include:
● Paroxysms of many, rapid coughs followed by a high-pitched “whoop” sound
● Vomiting during or after coughing fits
● Exhaustion after coughing fits
A young boy coughing due to pertussis.

8. DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
CULTURE
• Excellent specificity
• Obtaining isolates from culture allows for strain
identification and antimicrobial resistance testing
• Best to obtain a culture from nasopharyngeal specimens
during the first 2 weeks of cough onset
PCR
• Rapid test
• PCR may also provide accurate results for up to 4 weeks
• PCR test with nasopharyngeal specimens taken at 0 to 3
weeks following cough onset.
Bordetella pertussis on a medium
Detection of B. pertussis DNA by PCR analysis

9. SEROLOGY
• serologic tests are more useful for diagnosis in later phases of the disease.
• optimal timing for specimen collection is 2 to 8 weeks following cough onset, when the antibody titers are at their
highest.
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

10. Management/Treatment
A reasonable guideline would be :-
• Early treatment of pertussis
• Treat persons older than 1 year of age within 3 weeks of cough onset
• Treat infants younger than 1 year of age and pregnant women within 6 weeks of cough onset.
• Administer a course of antibiotics to close contacts within 3 weeks of exposure.
Antibiotics available :-
• Azithromycin
• Clarithromycin
• Erythromycin

11. MANAGEMENT/TREATMENT
PREVENTION
• Childhood immunization reduces the risk of catching pertussis
• Booster shots may be needed throughout life
• Proper wash of hands with soap and water often
• Cover mouth & nose when coughing or sneezing

12. REFERENCES
https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/clinical/treatment.html
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/967268-overview#a4
https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/WHO_Surv
eillanceVaccinePreventable_16_Pertussis_R1.pdf?ua=1#:~:text=Globally%2C%2
0it%20is%20estimated%20that,susceptible%20individuals%20by%20airborne%20
droplets.
https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/about/signs-symptoms.html
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/whooping-cough/symptoms-
causes/syc-20378973

13. THANK YOU