IB Biology 2015 Curriculum Topic 7 Evolution

1. Understandings, Applications and Skills (This is what you may be assessed on)
Statement Guidance
5.3 U.1 The binomial system of names for species is
universal among biologists and has been agreed
and developed at a series of congresses.
5.3 U.2 When species are discovered they are given
scientific names using the binomial system.
5.3 U.3 Taxonomists classify species using a hierarchy of
taxa.
.
5.3 U.4 All organisms are classified into three domains. Archaea, eubacteria and eukaryote
should be used for the three
domains. Members of these
domains should be referred to as
archaeans, bacteria and
eukaryotes. Viruses are not
classified as living organisms.
5.3 U.5 The principal taxa for classifying eukaryotes are
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and
species.
5.3 U.6 In a natural classification, the genus and
accompanying higher taxa consist of all the species
that have evolved from one common ancestral
species.
5.3 U.7 Taxonomists sometimes reclassify groups of
species when new evidence shows that a previous
taxon contains species that have evolved from
different ancestral species.
5.3 U.8 Natural classifications help in identification of
species and allow the prediction of characteristics
shared by species within a group.

2. Understandings, Applications and Skills (This is what you may be assessed on)
Statement Guidance
5.3 A.1 Classification of one plant and one animal species
from domain to species level.
5.3 A.2 Recognition features of bryophyta, filicinophyta,
coniferophyta and angiospermophyta.
Students should know which plant
phyla have vascular tissue, but
other internal details are not
required.
5.3 A.3 Recognition features of porifera, cnidaria,
platylhelmintha, annelida, mollusca, arthropoda and
chordata.
. Recognition features expected for
the selected animal phyla are those
that are most useful in
distinguishing the groups from
each other and full descriptions of
the characteristics of each phylum
are not needed.
5.3 A.4 Recognition of features of birds, mammals,
amphibians, reptiles and fish.
5.3 S.1 Construction of dichotomous keys for use in
identifying specimens.
.
5.3 U.1 The binomial system of names for species is universal among biologists and has been
agreed and developed at a series of congresses.
1. Who is known as the "Father of Taxonomy"? (Slide 108)
2. What is a species and how do new species develop? (Slide 108)
3. . Why are common names a problem for scientists? (Slide 109)

3. 5.3 U.2 When species are discovered they are given scientific names using the binomial
system.
4. What is binomial nomenclature? (Slide 110)
5. List the rules for writing a scientific name. (Slide 110)
5.3 U.3 Taxonomists classify species using a hierarchy of taxa.
6. Using the classification system, circle the scientific name that is LEAST like the other 2
in the 3 groups listed below.
a. Canis familiaris Canis lupis Felis domesticus
b. Felis domesticus Mus domesticus Felis concolor
c. Acer rubrum Acer saccarum Reseda odorata
5.3 U.4 All organisms are classified into three domains.
7. What is domain? (Slide 114)
8. Fill in the chart below, giving a brief description of each domain.

4. 5.3 A.1 Classification of one plant and one animal species from domain to species level. (Slide
115)
5.3 U.5 The principal taxa for classifying eukaryotes are kingdom, phylum, class, order, family,
genus and species.
9. In the table below, list the seven levels in the hierarchy of taxa and design
an acronym to help you remember them. Using two examples from different kingdoms
give all seven levels. Fill in the missing categories (Slide 115)
Hierarchical
level
ACRONYM PLANT Example: ANIMAL Example:
Most
diverse
Kingdom King Plantae Animalia
Phylum Phillip Magnoliophyta
Came
Came
Mammalia
Order Over Malvales
Family For Malvaceae Hominid
Most
Specific
Genus
Good
species Spaghetti
rosa
Common
Name
Beach Beauty Human

5. Use the following table to answer questions 9-12:
Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia
Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata
Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia
Order Cetacea Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora
Family Mysticeti Mustelidae Felidae Felidae
Genus Balaenoptora Mustela Felis Felis
Species B. physalus M. furo F. domesticus F. rufus
Common Name Blue Whale Ferret Domestic cat Bobcat
9. How does the table indicate that a cat is more closely related to a bobcat
than a ferret?
10. At what level does the relationship between a blue whale and a ferret
separate?
11. Which two animals are most closely related? Explain.
12. What kind of animal is Balaenoptora borealis? How do you know?

6. 5.3 A.2 Recognition features of bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta and angiospermophyta.
13. Describe the identifying features of members of the plantae Kingdom
(Slide 118)
Leaves, roots &
stems
Vascular tissue Reproduction
Structure
Bryophyta
(mosses)
• No roots, but
structures
similar to root
hairs called
rhizoids
• Mosses have
simple leaves
and stems
• Liverworts
have a
flattened
thallus
Flicinophyta
(Ferns)
• Roots
present
• Short non-
woody stems.
• Leaves
usually
divided into
pairs of
leaflets
Coniferophyta
(Conifers/Pines)
Seeds develop from ovules
in female cones. Male
cones produce pollen.
Angiospermophyta
(Flowering Plants)
Seeds develop from ovules
in ovaries, inside flowers.
Seeds are dispersed by
fruits which develop from
the ovaries.
.

7. 5.3 A.4 Recognition of features of birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles and fish. (Slide 120)
Limbs Gas
Exchange
Reproduction Other features
Mammals 4 Pentadactyl
limbs
Lungs with
alveoli
• Internal
fertilization
•
•
• Hairs growing
from the skin
• Teeth including
living tissue
Birds 4 Pentadactyl
limbs, 2 limbs
modified as
wings
Lungs with
parabronchial
tubes
• Internal
fertilization
•
• Feathers
growing from
skin
• Beak but no
teeth
Reptiles 4 Pentadactyl
limbs
Lungs with
extensive
folding
•
• Soft shells
around eggs
•
• Simple teeth –
no living
tissue
Amphibians 4 Pentadactyl
limbs
• External
fertilization in
water
• Protective jelly
around eggs
• Larval stage lives
in water
• Soft moist
permeable
skin
Fish Fins Gills • External
fertilization in
most species
• Scales grow
from the skin
• with a single
gill slit
• Swim bladder
for buoyancy

8. 5.3 U.6 In a natural classification, the genus and accompanying higher taxa consist of all the
species that have evolved from one common ancestral species.
14. Homologous structures has evolved through ‘adaptive radiation’. Explain this term.
(Slides 132-133)
5.3 U.7 Taxonomists sometimes reclassify groups of species when new evidence shows that a
previous taxon contains species that have evolved from different ancestral species.
15. Explain some of the new evidence being used today to help re-classify species.
https://www.yorkshiresdna.com/dna/mitochondrial-dna (Slide 130)
16. Outline the uses of the Y Chromosomes in Humans https://www.dnalc.org/view/15092-
Studying-the-Y-chromosome-to-understand-population-origins-and-migration-Michael-
Hammer.html

9. 5.3 S.1 Construction of dichotomous keys for use in identifying specimens
Introduction:
Many types of organisms can be identified using a dichotomous key. In this lab, you will identify
salamanders.
Procedure:
1. Use the dichotomous key provided to identify the salamanders in Figure 2.
2. Write the correct name for the salamander on the line below each picture on the next
page.

10. Lab Source: http://www.biologyjunction.com/salamander_key.htm
17. What might be a good strategy for beginning to create a dichotomous key
for six types of primates?

11. 5.3 A.3 Recognition features of porifera, cnidaria, platylhelmintha, annelida, mollusca,
arthropoda and chordata. Distinguish between the following phyla of animals, using external
recognition features and giving examples. (Slide 136)
Symmetry Segmentation Digestive
tract
Other features
porifera
(sponges)
None • Porous
• attached to
rocks
• Filter feeder
cnidaria
(corals,
jellyfish)
None Mouth but
no anus
• Stinging cells
• Tentacles
platylhelmintha
(flatworms)
None Mouth but
no anus
• Flattened body
annelida
(earthworms,
leeches)
Bilateral Very
segmented
• bristles often
present
Mollusca
(oyster,snails,
octopus)
Bilateral Non-visible
segmentation
Mouth and
anus
• Most have shell
made of
CaCO3
Arthropoda
(ant, scorpion,
crab)
Bilateral Segmented Mouth and
anus
• Exoskeleton
•
Chordata
(fish, birds,
mammals)
Bilateral Segmented Mouth and
anus
•
• hollow dorsal
nerve cord
• (some have )
pharyngeal slits

12. 5.3 U.8 Natural classifications help in identification of species and allow the prediction of
characteristics shared by species within a group
18. Natural classifications help in identification of species, provide an
example. (Slide 137)