Zona binding & Polyspermy block.pptx
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Zona binding refers to the process where proteins on sperm plasma specifically bind to zona pellucida proteins on the oocyte. The zona pellucida consists of three glycoproteins - ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3. ZP3 acts as a receptor that binds to proteins on the sperm membrane. Sperm have two zona binding regions - the primary region responsible for adherence and the acrosome promoting ligand that initiates the acrosomal reaction upon binding to ZP3. Polyspermy block prevents the fertilization of an oocyte by multiple sperm and occurs through zona block and vitelline block. Zona block is achieved through cortical granule exocytosis
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Molecular event during fertilization
INTRODUCTION
DEFINATION
GAMETES
STRUCTURE OF GAMETES
SPERM
OVUM
RECOGNITION OF EGG AND SPERM
CAPACITATION
ACROSOME REACTION
SPECIES-SPECIFIC RECOGNITION
GAMETE BINDING AND RECOGNITION
GAMETE FUSION
PREVENTION OF POLYSPERMY
ACTIVATION OF GAMETE METABOLISM
FUSION OF THE GENETIC MATERIAL
SIGNIFICANCE OF FERTILIZATION
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Lecture 1
Presented by:
Ahmad mukhtar
Consultant and Lecturer of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of
MEDICINE, Zagazig University.
Fertilization in sea urchin
Fertilization in sea urchins involves several key steps:
1) Sperm are attracted to eggs via chemotaxis using peptides like resact.
2) The acrosomal reaction allows sperm to penetrate the egg jelly and bindin aids binding to the egg.
3) Prevention of polyspermy involves a fast block changing membrane potential and slow block from cortical granule exocytosis.
4) Metabolic activation and pronuclear fusion within the egg forms a zygote, completing fertilization.
Embryo 1st week
This document summarizes the key stages in human reproduction from ovulation through implantation. It describes how ovulation is triggered by hormones, followed by fertilization if sperm penetrate the egg's barriers. The zygote then undergoes cell division as it develops into a blastocyst, which implants in the uterine wall. Successful implantation depends on cellular interactions between the trophoblast and endometrium.
Zona pellucida
The zona pellucida is a glycoprotein layer surrounding the mammalian egg. It is composed of three glycoproteins - ZP1, ZP2, ZP3. ZP3 binds to sperm receptors, triggering the acrosome reaction which allows enzymes to degrade the zona pellucida. This forms a tunnel through which the sperm penetrates. ZP2 then maintains contact between the sperm and egg. Once through the zona pellucida, the sperm moves through the perivitelline space until contacting the egg's plasma membrane. The zona pellucida thus functions to induce the acrosome reaction, prevent polyspermy, and block heterospecific fertilization
15 & 16 ther 608 sperm transport- fertilization-cleavage
The document summarizes the key events related to fertilization in mammals, including sperm transport through the female reproductive tract, capacitation, the acrosome reaction, sperm-egg binding and fusion, formation of male and female pronuclei, and early embryonic cleavage and blastocyst formation. It describes the sequence of ovulation, sperm transport through the vagina, cervix, and oviducts where capacitation and the acrosome reaction occur in preparation for fertilization. The roles of enzymes in sperm penetration through the zona pellucida and fusion with the egg are also outlined, along with blocking of polyspermy and early mitotic divisions leading to a blastocyst.
Microrganism
Fertilization is the process by which an egg and sperm merge their genetic material to form a new organism. It involves several coordinated molecular events, including the merging of the sperm and egg, fusion of their pronuclei, and mixing of maternal and paternal chromosomes. Millions of sperm are deposited into the vagina during intercourse, many of which die in the acidic environment, while others undergo changes to prepare for fertilization, involving capacitation and the acrosomal reaction to allow fusion with the egg. Once fused, calcium ions are released, causing changes within the egg and activation of the zygote.
Recommended
Molecular event during fertilization
INTRODUCTION
DEFINATION
GAMETES
STRUCTURE OF GAMETES
SPERM
OVUM
RECOGNITION OF EGG AND SPERM
CAPACITATION
ACROSOME REACTION
SPECIES-SPECIFIC RECOGNITION
GAMETE BINDING AND RECOGNITION
GAMETE FUSION
PREVENTION OF POLYSPERMY
ACTIVATION OF GAMETE METABOLISM
FUSION OF THE GENETIC MATERIAL
SIGNIFICANCE OF FERTILIZATION
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
Lecture 1
Presented by:
Ahmad mukhtar
Consultant and Lecturer of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of
MEDICINE, Zagazig University.
Fertilization in sea urchin
Fertilization in sea urchins involves several key steps:
1) Sperm are attracted to eggs via chemotaxis using peptides like resact.
2) The acrosomal reaction allows sperm to penetrate the egg jelly and bindin aids binding to the egg.
3) Prevention of polyspermy involves a fast block changing membrane potential and slow block from cortical granule exocytosis.
4) Metabolic activation and pronuclear fusion within the egg forms a zygote, completing fertilization.
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This document summarizes the key stages in human reproduction from ovulation through implantation. It describes how ovulation is triggered by hormones, followed by fertilization if sperm penetrate the egg's barriers. The zygote then undergoes cell division as it develops into a blastocyst, which implants in the uterine wall. Successful implantation depends on cellular interactions between the trophoblast and endometrium.
Zona pellucida
The zona pellucida is a glycoprotein layer surrounding the mammalian egg. It is composed of three glycoproteins - ZP1, ZP2, ZP3. ZP3 binds to sperm receptors, triggering the acrosome reaction which allows enzymes to degrade the zona pellucida. This forms a tunnel through which the sperm penetrates. ZP2 then maintains contact between the sperm and egg. Once through the zona pellucida, the sperm moves through the perivitelline space until contacting the egg's plasma membrane. The zona pellucida thus functions to induce the acrosome reaction, prevent polyspermy, and block heterospecific fertilization
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The document summarizes the key events related to fertilization in mammals, including sperm transport through the female reproductive tract, capacitation, the acrosome reaction, sperm-egg binding and fusion, formation of male and female pronuclei, and early embryonic cleavage and blastocyst formation. It describes the sequence of ovulation, sperm transport through the vagina, cervix, and oviducts where capacitation and the acrosome reaction occur in preparation for fertilization. The roles of enzymes in sperm penetration through the zona pellucida and fusion with the egg are also outlined, along with blocking of polyspermy and early mitotic divisions leading to a blastocyst.
Microrganism
Fertilization is the process by which an egg and sperm merge their genetic material to form a new organism. It involves several coordinated molecular events, including the merging of the sperm and egg, fusion of their pronuclei, and mixing of maternal and paternal chromosomes. Millions of sperm are deposited into the vagina during intercourse, many of which die in the acidic environment, while others undergo changes to prepare for fertilization, involving capacitation and the acrosomal reaction to allow fusion with the egg. Once fused, calcium ions are released, causing changes within the egg and activation of the zygote.
Fertilization
Fertilization involves the fusion of male and female gametes along with their cytoplasm and nuclei. There are two key aspects of fertilization - activation of the egg and amphimixis, or the mixing of maternal and paternal genes. Fertilization can be internal or external. In external fertilization, species-specific interactions between sperm and egg prevent cross-species fertilization. These include chemoattraction of sperm to eggs, binding of sperm to the egg coat through receptors, and the acrosome reaction which allows sperm to penetrate the coat. The plasma membranes of sperm and egg then fuse, mixing their contents.
Fertilization
1. Fertilization involves the fusion of a sperm and egg nuclei to form a zygote.
2. It restores the diploid number of chromosomes and determines the sex of the embryo.
3. A series of events must occur for fertilization to be successful, including capacitation of sperm, penetration of the zona pellucida, fusion of membranes, and formation of male and female pronuclei.
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block to polyspermy.pptx
Polyspermy describes an egg that has been fertilized by more than one sperm. Diploid organisms normally contain two copies of each chromosome, one from each parent. The cell resulting from polyspermy
The first issue that an egg and a sperm of any organism type face in successfully producing an embryo is the possibility of polyspermy. Polyspermy is the fertilization of an egg by multiple sperm, and the results of such unions are lethal.
If multiple sperm fertilize an egg, the embryo inherits multiple paternal centrioles. This causes competition for extra chromosomes and results in the disruption of the creation of the cleavage furrow, thus causing the zygote to die. As an important model organism in the study of fertilization and embryonic development, polyspermy in sea urchins has been studied in detail. The sea urchin’s methods of polyspermy prevention have been broken down into two main pathways. These two primary pathways are known as the fast block and the slow block to polyspermy
After the sperm’s receptors come into contact with the egg’s jelly layer and the acrosomal enzymes are released and break down the jelly layer, the sperm head comes into contact with the vitelline and plasma membranes of the egg. When the two plasma membranes contact one another, signals in the egg are initiated.
First, Na+ channels in the egg open, allowing Na+ to flood into the egg. This causes a depolarization of the egg from it’s normal resting potential of -70 mV.
While depolarization is occurring, the remainder of the jelly layer is dissolving. With the dissolution of the jelly layer and the depolarization of the plasma membrane, the first block to preventing fertilization by multiple sperm is put into place.
These two simple changes are part of the first block to polyspermy, known as the fast block. Within 1/10th of a second of contact, the fast block t
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3) The significance of fertilization is that it leads to successful reproduction and the formation of a new organism.
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Fertilization is the union of a sperm and an egg to form a zygote. There are two types: external fertilization, where gametes are released into the environment, and internal fertilization, which occurs in nearly all terrestrial animals. For internal fertilization to occur, sperm must undergo a process of transport and capacitation to prepare for fertilizing the egg. Upon fertilization, a series of cellular events take place to prevent polyspermy, including cortical reaction, acrosomal reaction, and nuclear reaction, leading to the formation of a diploid zygote.
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Fertilization is the process by which male and female gametes, sperm and egg, fuse together forming a zygote. The main results of fertilization are:
1. Restoration of the diploid number of chromosomes in the zygote. The zygote contains 23 chromosomes from the sperm and 23 chromosomes from the egg, restoring the normal human diploid number of 46 chromosomes.
2. Determination of the sex of the new individual. An X-carrying sperm produces a female (XX) embryo while a Y-carrying sperm produces a male (XY) embryo.
3. Initiation of cell division called cleavage. Without fertilization, the egg would degenerate within 24 hours of ovulation
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The ovarian cycle is controlled by hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. During each cycle, follicles in the ovaries mature under the influence of FSH and LH, with usually one follicle ovulating and releasing an egg. If the egg is fertilized, the corpus luteum forms and secretes hormones to support early pregnancy. Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes, where a sperm penetrates the egg's corona and zona pellucida. The sperm and egg membranes then fuse, restoring the diploid number of chromosomes and initiating cell division of the new embryo.
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The document summarizes key stages in human fertilization and early embryonic development. It describes:
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Fertilization involves the fusion of male and female gametes along with their cytoplasm and nuclei. There are two key aspects of fertilization - activation of the egg and amphimixis, or the mixing of maternal and paternal genes. Fertilization can be internal or external. In external fertilization, species-specific interactions between sperm and egg prevent cross-species fertilization. These include chemoattraction of sperm to eggs, binding of sperm to the egg coat through receptors, and the acrosome reaction which allows sperm to penetrate the coat. The plasma membranes of sperm and egg then fuse, mixing their contents.
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While depolarization is occurring, the remainder of the jelly layer is dissolving. With the dissolution of the jelly layer and the depolarization of the plasma membrane, the first block to preventing fertilization by multiple sperm is put into place.
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2) The hormonal causes of ovulation, including the LH and FSH surges near midcycle.
3) The process of fertilization, including sperm migration in the fallopian tubes and penetration of the egg.
4) Early embryonic development from the zygote to morula and blastocyst stages over 5 days, and implantation in the uterine wall.
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Fertilization is the process by which male and female gametes, sperm and egg, fuse together forming a zygote. The main results of fertilization are:
1. Restoration of the diploid number of chromosomes in the zygote. The zygote contains 23 chromosomes from the sperm and 23 chromosomes from the egg, restoring the normal human diploid number of 46 chromosomes.
2. Determination of the sex of the new individual. An X-carrying sperm produces a female (XX) embryo while a Y-carrying sperm produces a male (XY) embryo.
3. Initiation of cell division called cleavage. Without fertilization, the egg would degenerate within 24 hours of ovulation
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The ovarian cycle is controlled by hormones from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. During each cycle, follicles in the ovaries mature under the influence of FSH and LH, with usually one follicle ovulating and releasing an egg. If the egg is fertilized, the corpus luteum forms and secretes hormones to support early pregnancy. Fertilization occurs in the fallopian tubes, where a sperm penetrates the egg's corona and zona pellucida. The sperm and egg membranes then fuse, restoring the diploid number of chromosomes and initiating cell division of the new embryo.
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The document summarizes key stages in human fertilization and early embryonic development. It describes:
1) How sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction allow sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida and fuse with the egg.
2) The formation of pronuclei and how the zygote undergoes cell division to become a morula and then a blastocyst.
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breedingsoundnessexaminbulls-230105032210-ece1bc39.pdf
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- 1. Zona binding & Polyspermy block Prepared By Subash Sapkota VGO-M-05-2021 M.V.Sc (Theriogenology) Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur
- 2. • Process by which specific proteins on the surface of sperm plasma bind specifically binds to the zona pellucida proteins is called Zona Bindings. • As, capacitation is completed spermatozoa undergoes hyperactive motility which facilitate sperm-oocyte contact. • Zona Pellucida of oocyte consist of three glycoproteins which are named as Zona Protein 1(ZP1), Zona Protein 2(ZP2), Zona protein 3(ZP3). Zona Binding
- 3. • ZP1 & ZP2 are the structural proteins which provides structural integrity of the Zona. • ZP3 acts like the receptor of the hormones which binds to the protein on spermatozoal membrane. • Similarly, sperm plasma membrane contains two zona binding sites i.e primary zona binding region & acrosome reaction promoting ligand. • Primary zona binding region is responsible for adherence of spermatozoa to the zona pellucida. • Acrosomal reaction promoting ligand initiates the acrosomal reaction by signal transduction process as binding occurs between this region and ZP3 molecule.
- 4. • Polyspermy is the fertilization of an oocyte by more than one spermatozoan which results in embryo death. • Extra sperm get succeed in entering the vitellus, inspite of zona reaction and vitelline block are called supranumerary sperm. • Major disadvantage of polyspermy is it leads to the triploidy which is the lethal condition. • Polyspermy block helps to prevent such condition. Simply it takes place by two process i.e. Zona Block & Vitelline Block. Polyspermy Block
- 5. Prevents polyspermy. Exocytosis of the cortical granules results in the zona block. Cortical granules undergo exocytosis and their contents are released into the perivitelline space after membrane fusion. consist of mucopolysaccharides, proteases, plasminogen activator, acid phosphatase and peroxidase. small, dense granules called cortical granules move to the periphery of the oocyte cytoplasm. After membrane fusion, the oocyte undergoes a series of changes that prepare it for early embryogenesis. Polyspermy prevention by zona block………………..
- 6. Prevents Polyspermy Results in Vitelline Block Cortical reaction reduce the ability of the oocyte plasma membrane to fuse with additional spermatozoa. Similarly, Polyspermy prevention by vitelline block………………..
- 7. THANK YOU!