Z Score Brief Overview.pptx
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Z-scores are used to standardize data by converting it to a scale where the mean is 0 and standard deviation is 1. This allows for comparison of different variables measured on different scales. To calculate a z-score, the individual value, population mean, and population standard deviation are input into the z-score formula. Z-scores can be used to find the probability that a data point falls at or below a certain value based on its distance from the mean in terms of standard deviations using the normal distribution and z-score tables.
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The document describes the lac operon system, which was the first operon described in 1961 and controls the catabolism of lactose in prokaryotes. The lac operon has 5 structural units - a promoter, operator, three structural genes (LacZ, LacY, LacA) that encode enzymes for lactose breakdown, CAP binding sites, and a regulatory gene. When lactose is absent, a repressor protein binds to the operator, preventing transcription of the structural genes. When lactose is present, it binds to the repressor and causes a conformational change that releases it from the operator, allowing transcription and the breakdown of lactose.
LAC OPERON 2.pptx
The lac operon is a cluster of three genes in prokaryotes that are involved in processing the sugar lactose. It consists of a promoter, operator, and structural genes. The lac operon is inducible, meaning it is only transcribed when lactose is present. Depending on whether lactose and glucose are present or absent, the lac operon will be either actively transcribed or transcriptionally inactive.
DNA STRUCTURE AND TYPES.pptx
DNA is a double-stranded molecule composed of nucleotides that contain nitrogenous bases, a deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group. The bases--cytosine, thymine, adenine, and guanine--form rungs of a twisted ladder structure, while the alternating sugar and phosphate molecules form the sides. Watson and Crick discovered that the bases pair up specifically through hydrogen bonds to form the DNA double helix, which contains the genetic information needed to build an organism. DNA can take on different secondary structures including A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA forms.
TOPIC-DNA repair mechanism and their types.pptx
DNA repair mechanisms are necessary to correct damage to DNA that could otherwise lead to mutations and cancer. There are several types of DNA repair mechanisms that address different types of damage, including base repair through excision, resynthesis and ligation of bases, nucleotide excision repair to address mismatches, and mismatch repair to fix errors. Double stranded breaks can be repaired through non-homologous end joining or homologous recombination repair.
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- 1. 1 Z Score : Brief Overview
- 2. 2 Normal Distribution ● Represents distribution of random variables ● Represented by symmetric Bell Curve. ● Also known as Gaussian Distribution. ● Peak in middle, tapered towards end. ● Mean is represented by the peak. For an exam with a highest score of 1600 & a lowest of 700, the distribution of marks would be….
- 3. 3 Standardisation & Standardised Normal Distribution ● Method for comparative study ● Process of putting different variables in a same scale. ● Important parameter : Mean & Standard Deviation ● Predict population statistics from sample data. ● Mean becomes 0
- 4. 4 The Process of Standardisation : Z-Score 𝒙 = individual value 𝝁 = population mean 𝞼 = standard deviation Suppose, for the previous problem, the Standard Deviation is 150. Putting individual values(scores), the mean & the StDev in the formula, we can represent every scores to their corresponding Z-scores and construct a graph Peak (Mean) becomes 0 Standard deviation becomes 1 Z-Score ranges from -3 to +3
- 5. 5 Z-Score Table & Probabilistic Density
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- 7. 7 Few key points A. The data is 1𝝈 away from the mean. B. Null hypothesis & Z-score Table C. Trilogy of 68-95-99.7
- 8. 8
Editor's Notes
- In probability theory and statistics, the Normal Distribution, also called the Gaussian Distribution, is the most significant continuous probability distribution. Sometimes it is also called a bell curve. A large number of random variables are either nearly or exactly represented by the normal distribution
- Calculate mean & stdev. Subtract each variable from mean & divide by stdev. When you standardize a normal distribution, the mean becomes 0 and the standard deviation becomes 1. This allows you to easily calculate the probability of certain values occurring in your distribution, or to compare data sets with different means and standard deviations.