This document discusses skunks, including their biology, behavior, and management. It describes the two species found in California - the striped skunk and spotted skunk. Skunks are nocturnal and eat a variety of foods, including insects, eggs, fruit, and garbage. They can carry diseases like rabies. The document outlines non-lethal control methods like exclusion and habitat modification, as well as trapping and odor removal. It stresses the importance of rabies prevention and cautions that skunk bites require medical attention.
This document provides information on managing common nuisance wildlife, including bats, bees, coyotes, deer, geese, raccoons, skunks, and snakes. For each animal, it discusses when to contact experts, exclusion and habitat modification techniques, frightening methods, and repellents. The document stresses safely dealing with protected wildlife and avoiding harm. It concludes by listing additional resources for wildlife management information.
The house mouse is one of the most troublesome and costly rodents in the United States. It thrives in and around homes and structures and consumes and contaminates food. House mice can transmit pathogens that cause diseases. While house mice are not known to carry hantavirus, the deer mouse sometimes found in homes does carry the deadly Sin Nombre virus. Effective control of house mice involves sanitation, exclusion of entry points larger than 1/4 inch, and population reduction through trapping or baiting.
Create Your Own Zero Zika Zone (Zika Prevention)UWI_Markcomm
1. The document provides tips to create a "Zero Zika Zone" by eliminating mosquito breeding sites within a 100m radius of one's home. It recommends conducting weekly checks within this zone and encouraging neighbors to do the same.
2. Specific tips include checking common breeding sites like roof gutters, plants, and containers above and below ground, as well as unusual sites like fence posts and snail shells.
3. The document also recommends protecting oneself from mosquito bites by using repellent, wearing light clothing, and sleeping under nets, as well as eliminating the mosquito source by covering containers and using treatments like BTI or chlorine on containers.
The document discusses rattlesnakes found in California, describing the six native species, their identifying characteristics like triangular heads and rattlers, behavior such as foraging and hibernation, and reproduction through live birth. It also covers rattlesnake bites, first aid, and prevention methods. Recommendations are provided for habitat modification, exclusion, and control methods to discourage rattlesnakes near homes and gardens while protecting the important role they play in the ecosystem.
This document provides information on identifying and controlling wasps and yellowjackets. It describes the different types of wasps and yellowjackets, including their physical characteristics, habits, nesting behaviors, and feeding behaviors. The document outlines both non-toxic and least-toxic prevention and control methods, such as inspecting and sealing structures, trapping insects, removing nests physically or with vacuuming, and using dusts or enzymes. It emphasizes the importance of inspection in spring to locate and address nests before they become large problems.
Yellowjackets are stinging insects that sometimes build nests in undesirable locations like trees, underground, or in walls of homes. Their nests can be removed by professionals through vacuuming or using pesticides as a last resort. It's best to avoid disturbing yellowjacket nests and take precautions like keeping food covered when outdoors to prevent unnecessary encounters with them. Non-chemical removal of nests or traps may be options before using pesticides if control measures are needed.
10 insects You Might Come Across When in New EnglandBrianMaseJr
The document discusses 10 common insects that may be encountered by those living in New England, including carpenter ants, odorous house ants, powder post beetles, bed bugs, carpenter bees, carpet beetles, termites, cockroaches, ticks, and boxelder bugs. It provides brief descriptions of each insect, what they look like, where they are usually found, any damage they may cause, and if they pose health risks. The document concludes by stating that seeing one or two of these insects is not usually cause for panic but an inspection is recommended to check for any infestations.
Formally known as triatomines, there are 12 species that live in the United States. They have received the name ‘kissing bugs’ because they normally will bite people near their mouths at night while they sleep. These bugs are attracted to the odor that humans exhale, and the face is usually the only exposed area while we sleep. They do not normally burrow under the covers like other bugs or spiders.
Visit:
http://www.onlinepestcontrol.com/what-are-kissing-bugs-and-how-to-get-rid-of-them/
for more detailed information and help.
This document provides information on managing common nuisance wildlife, including bats, bees, coyotes, deer, geese, raccoons, skunks, and snakes. For each animal, it discusses when to contact experts, exclusion and habitat modification techniques, frightening methods, and repellents. The document stresses safely dealing with protected wildlife and avoiding harm. It concludes by listing additional resources for wildlife management information.
The house mouse is one of the most troublesome and costly rodents in the United States. It thrives in and around homes and structures and consumes and contaminates food. House mice can transmit pathogens that cause diseases. While house mice are not known to carry hantavirus, the deer mouse sometimes found in homes does carry the deadly Sin Nombre virus. Effective control of house mice involves sanitation, exclusion of entry points larger than 1/4 inch, and population reduction through trapping or baiting.
Create Your Own Zero Zika Zone (Zika Prevention)UWI_Markcomm
1. The document provides tips to create a "Zero Zika Zone" by eliminating mosquito breeding sites within a 100m radius of one's home. It recommends conducting weekly checks within this zone and encouraging neighbors to do the same.
2. Specific tips include checking common breeding sites like roof gutters, plants, and containers above and below ground, as well as unusual sites like fence posts and snail shells.
3. The document also recommends protecting oneself from mosquito bites by using repellent, wearing light clothing, and sleeping under nets, as well as eliminating the mosquito source by covering containers and using treatments like BTI or chlorine on containers.
The document discusses rattlesnakes found in California, describing the six native species, their identifying characteristics like triangular heads and rattlers, behavior such as foraging and hibernation, and reproduction through live birth. It also covers rattlesnake bites, first aid, and prevention methods. Recommendations are provided for habitat modification, exclusion, and control methods to discourage rattlesnakes near homes and gardens while protecting the important role they play in the ecosystem.
This document provides information on identifying and controlling wasps and yellowjackets. It describes the different types of wasps and yellowjackets, including their physical characteristics, habits, nesting behaviors, and feeding behaviors. The document outlines both non-toxic and least-toxic prevention and control methods, such as inspecting and sealing structures, trapping insects, removing nests physically or with vacuuming, and using dusts or enzymes. It emphasizes the importance of inspection in spring to locate and address nests before they become large problems.
Yellowjackets are stinging insects that sometimes build nests in undesirable locations like trees, underground, or in walls of homes. Their nests can be removed by professionals through vacuuming or using pesticides as a last resort. It's best to avoid disturbing yellowjacket nests and take precautions like keeping food covered when outdoors to prevent unnecessary encounters with them. Non-chemical removal of nests or traps may be options before using pesticides if control measures are needed.
10 insects You Might Come Across When in New EnglandBrianMaseJr
The document discusses 10 common insects that may be encountered by those living in New England, including carpenter ants, odorous house ants, powder post beetles, bed bugs, carpenter bees, carpet beetles, termites, cockroaches, ticks, and boxelder bugs. It provides brief descriptions of each insect, what they look like, where they are usually found, any damage they may cause, and if they pose health risks. The document concludes by stating that seeing one or two of these insects is not usually cause for panic but an inspection is recommended to check for any infestations.
Formally known as triatomines, there are 12 species that live in the United States. They have received the name ‘kissing bugs’ because they normally will bite people near their mouths at night while they sleep. These bugs are attracted to the odor that humans exhale, and the face is usually the only exposed area while we sleep. They do not normally burrow under the covers like other bugs or spiders.
Visit:
http://www.onlinepestcontrol.com/what-are-kissing-bugs-and-how-to-get-rid-of-them/
for more detailed information and help.
Carpenter ants seminar work by Uwamose martinsUwamose MNO
Carpenter ants are social insects, with colonies made up of several different forms or “castes”. They are so-called carpenter ants because of their habit of chewing wood to create nest sites. They do not eat wood, like termites, but excavate it with their strong, saw-like jaws to create random galleries where they nest. They play ecosystem roles particularly by aiding in the decomposition of decaying tees. Carpenter ants belong to the subfamily Formicinae (Genus: Camponotus)
Mice can enter homes through holes as small as a dime. To prevent infestations, it is important to seal all entry points and remove food and shelter sources. Detection methods include looking for droppings or setting flour to see footprints. Live traps allow for release of mice away from the home, while snap traps should be placed against walls with bait. Poisons carry risks and some mice have developed resistances; they require secure placement and monitoring. The most effective long-term solution is exclusion and sanitation.
Lizards are common reptiles found in homes that feed mostly on insects. While most lizards will bite if roughly handled, they are generally harmless. The document provides details on identifying common lizards in California, such as the western fence lizard. It describes lizard habits like feeding, reproduction, and hibernating in winter. The document also provides methods for removing lizards from homes by trapping or noosing and gives tips on preventing lizards from entering homes through sealing openings.
This document provides information on identifying and controlling a flea infestation using least toxic methods. It describes the lifecycle of fleas, from egg to larva to adult, and how they feed and live on host animals. It then gives recommendations for monitoring flea populations, including using flea traps, and controlling the infestation through regular vacuuming, grooming pets, washing bedding, and applying boric acid or diatomaceous earth. Non-chemical controls like steaming, heat treatment, and nematodes are also recommended.
The document provides information about snakes commonly found in India presented by the Friends of Snakes Society. It discusses 12 snake species, including both venomous and non-venomous varieties. It also covers snake bite first aid, safety tips for encountering snakes, and ways to discourage snakes from human habitats. The Society works to conserve snakes through rescuing efforts and public education programs to reduce fear and increase awareness of snakes' ecological role.
Snakes are found all over India in a variety of habitats. There are over 30 species of snakes in India, of which around 250 are poisonous. The four most dangerous snakes in India are the Common Krait, Indian Spectacled Cobra, Indian Monocled Cobra, and Russell's Viper. Snake bites can be fatal depending on the species, amount of venom injected, and health of the victim. Prevention methods include avoiding contact with snakes and reducing their habitat in and around homes and buildings. Proper first aid and rapid medical treatment are important in the event of a venomous snake bite.
Scorpions are nocturnal arachnids that feed on insects and small animals. Most scorpions are not dangerous to humans, with the exception of the bark scorpion found in parts of the southwestern US. Scorpions can be identified by their crab-like appearance, pincer claws, segmented tail with a stinger, and usually live 2-5 years. The document then provides details on the life cycles, behaviors, impacts and management of common scorpion species found in the southwestern US, with an emphasis on exclusion and sanitation to prevent encounters with scorpions.
Rats can be problematic as they transmit diseases and damage food and produce. There are several signs that indicate an infestation, including droppings and feeding damage. Norway rats live in burrows while roof rats nest above ground. To get rid of rats, one must remove food, water, and shelter sources and seal entry points. Trapping is the safest method for removal, using snap traps placed near walls or in dark areas. Bait should be used carefully and sealed buildings are necessary to prevent poisoned rats from dying indoors. Proper sanitation and exclusion are key to long-term rat control.
European and English wasps are invasive species in Australia that aggressively defend their large nests and aggressively sting. The European wasp originated in Europe and has spread globally, first appearing in Australia in 1954. The English wasp was first seen in Victoria in 1958. Both queens emerge in spring to build underground nests and lay eggs that hatch into worker wasps. Towards autumn, the workers build larger cells for queens and drones that will mate and seek winter shelters. Chemical control of nests is effective but must be done safely, such as at night using red light and protective clothing, by spraying or placing pest strips near nests. Unfortunately, total eradication of these wasps is no longer possible in Australia.
There are approximately 2,700 species of snakes worldwide, of which around 300 are venomous. Snakes range in habitat from deserts to forests to oceans. The most deadly snakes are the Black Mamba, Common Krait, Russell's Viper, Taipan, and Indian Cobra. These snakes have potent neurotoxins or cardiotoxins in their venom that can prove fatal if not treated.
This document provides information on minimizing house mouse problems, including identification of mice, their reproductive habits, and various control methods. It begins by discussing prevention through exclusion and sanitation. Physical control methods described include live traps, snap traps, and glue traps, along with their proper use. The document also covers chemical controls like anticoagulant rodenticides and bait boxes, and discusses some potential issues with their use. Throughout, it emphasizes the importance of removing food and shelter sources to permanently get rid of mice.
How to get rid of common household pests in AustraliaWebstrategies
Household pests in Australia are not only annoying to have around, but could also pose a risk to your family’s health and safety if they are not quickly eradicated. In this article, we shall be looking at some of the most common household pests in Australia, how to identify infestations, how to prevent them and how to control them.
Yellowjackets are predatory wasps that feed on other insects and scavenge human food and garbage. They are more likely to sting when disturbed while foraging away from their nests. Stings can cause pain and injury in some people. To prevent stings, it is important not to disturb yellowjacket nests and to properly store food sources that may attract them. Traps can help reduce local yellowjacket populations.
Snakes come in a wide variety including both dangerous and beneficial types. They play an important role in ecosystems by controlling rodent populations. While some snakes can pose a danger, most are not aggressive and the majority of snake bites are due to accidental encounters. Some snakes also provide benefits to humans through uses in medicine, food, clothing and as pets. It is important to appreciate snakes as part of nature and avoid harming them without cause.
Custom Weed & Pest Control has been in business since 1989, serving the greater Phoenix metro area for both residential and commercial. We offer organic, natural and chemical pest control, with customized service to meet your specific needs. VISIT SITE
http://wekillweeds.com
CUSTOM WEED & PEST CONTROL
Phoenix AZ 85044
602-956-3844
623-376-7743
info@wekillweeds.com
This document provides information about cockatoo production and management. It discusses the natural habitats of cockatoos in Australia and Indonesia, their physical characteristics such as average body weight and breeding seasons. It also outlines housing requirements including minimum cage sizes, diet which includes seeds, nuts, fruits and berries, common illnesses like parasites and respiratory ailments, signs of illness, disease control practices and their long lifespan of 40-60 years.
How to Identify Poisonous and Non-poisonous Snake bhuwan bhatta
Identification of snake is very difficult from venomous to non-venomous. some of the body parts that help to distinguish from each other. most important is that the there is no any universal character that differs from each other.
Fleas are common parasite, found in almost allregions of the world. Dogs and cats mainly get infested with fleas during contact with other animals or contact with the fleas infested environment.
This document provides information on how to identify and get rid of rats, including:
1) Rats can carry disease and cause damage to homes, so it is important to take steps to remove them.
2) Rats live both outside and inside homes, hiding in various areas, so inspections should check potential hiding spots.
3) Food sources that attract rats include garbage, pet food, fallen fruits, and improperly maintained compost piles.
4) Traps and poisons are methods for killing rats, but traps are safer to use inside homes to avoid poisoning other animals. Proper disposal of dead rats and cleaning of infested areas is also described.
There are 96 species of snakes found in Sri Lanka, with 5 being highly poisonous. The highly poisonous snakes are the Cobra, Indian Krait, Sri Lankan Krait, Saw scaled Viper, and Russell's Viper. These snakes can be deadly if bitten. In addition, there are 91 species of mildly poisonous or non-poisonous snakes. The document provides descriptions of the highly poisonous snakes and advises on preventing snake bites.
Carpenter ants seminar work by Uwamose martinsUwamose MNO
Carpenter ants are social insects, with colonies made up of several different forms or “castes”. They are so-called carpenter ants because of their habit of chewing wood to create nest sites. They do not eat wood, like termites, but excavate it with their strong, saw-like jaws to create random galleries where they nest. They play ecosystem roles particularly by aiding in the decomposition of decaying tees. Carpenter ants belong to the subfamily Formicinae (Genus: Camponotus)
Mice can enter homes through holes as small as a dime. To prevent infestations, it is important to seal all entry points and remove food and shelter sources. Detection methods include looking for droppings or setting flour to see footprints. Live traps allow for release of mice away from the home, while snap traps should be placed against walls with bait. Poisons carry risks and some mice have developed resistances; they require secure placement and monitoring. The most effective long-term solution is exclusion and sanitation.
Lizards are common reptiles found in homes that feed mostly on insects. While most lizards will bite if roughly handled, they are generally harmless. The document provides details on identifying common lizards in California, such as the western fence lizard. It describes lizard habits like feeding, reproduction, and hibernating in winter. The document also provides methods for removing lizards from homes by trapping or noosing and gives tips on preventing lizards from entering homes through sealing openings.
This document provides information on identifying and controlling a flea infestation using least toxic methods. It describes the lifecycle of fleas, from egg to larva to adult, and how they feed and live on host animals. It then gives recommendations for monitoring flea populations, including using flea traps, and controlling the infestation through regular vacuuming, grooming pets, washing bedding, and applying boric acid or diatomaceous earth. Non-chemical controls like steaming, heat treatment, and nematodes are also recommended.
The document provides information about snakes commonly found in India presented by the Friends of Snakes Society. It discusses 12 snake species, including both venomous and non-venomous varieties. It also covers snake bite first aid, safety tips for encountering snakes, and ways to discourage snakes from human habitats. The Society works to conserve snakes through rescuing efforts and public education programs to reduce fear and increase awareness of snakes' ecological role.
Snakes are found all over India in a variety of habitats. There are over 30 species of snakes in India, of which around 250 are poisonous. The four most dangerous snakes in India are the Common Krait, Indian Spectacled Cobra, Indian Monocled Cobra, and Russell's Viper. Snake bites can be fatal depending on the species, amount of venom injected, and health of the victim. Prevention methods include avoiding contact with snakes and reducing their habitat in and around homes and buildings. Proper first aid and rapid medical treatment are important in the event of a venomous snake bite.
Scorpions are nocturnal arachnids that feed on insects and small animals. Most scorpions are not dangerous to humans, with the exception of the bark scorpion found in parts of the southwestern US. Scorpions can be identified by their crab-like appearance, pincer claws, segmented tail with a stinger, and usually live 2-5 years. The document then provides details on the life cycles, behaviors, impacts and management of common scorpion species found in the southwestern US, with an emphasis on exclusion and sanitation to prevent encounters with scorpions.
Rats can be problematic as they transmit diseases and damage food and produce. There are several signs that indicate an infestation, including droppings and feeding damage. Norway rats live in burrows while roof rats nest above ground. To get rid of rats, one must remove food, water, and shelter sources and seal entry points. Trapping is the safest method for removal, using snap traps placed near walls or in dark areas. Bait should be used carefully and sealed buildings are necessary to prevent poisoned rats from dying indoors. Proper sanitation and exclusion are key to long-term rat control.
European and English wasps are invasive species in Australia that aggressively defend their large nests and aggressively sting. The European wasp originated in Europe and has spread globally, first appearing in Australia in 1954. The English wasp was first seen in Victoria in 1958. Both queens emerge in spring to build underground nests and lay eggs that hatch into worker wasps. Towards autumn, the workers build larger cells for queens and drones that will mate and seek winter shelters. Chemical control of nests is effective but must be done safely, such as at night using red light and protective clothing, by spraying or placing pest strips near nests. Unfortunately, total eradication of these wasps is no longer possible in Australia.
There are approximately 2,700 species of snakes worldwide, of which around 300 are venomous. Snakes range in habitat from deserts to forests to oceans. The most deadly snakes are the Black Mamba, Common Krait, Russell's Viper, Taipan, and Indian Cobra. These snakes have potent neurotoxins or cardiotoxins in their venom that can prove fatal if not treated.
This document provides information on minimizing house mouse problems, including identification of mice, their reproductive habits, and various control methods. It begins by discussing prevention through exclusion and sanitation. Physical control methods described include live traps, snap traps, and glue traps, along with their proper use. The document also covers chemical controls like anticoagulant rodenticides and bait boxes, and discusses some potential issues with their use. Throughout, it emphasizes the importance of removing food and shelter sources to permanently get rid of mice.
How to get rid of common household pests in AustraliaWebstrategies
Household pests in Australia are not only annoying to have around, but could also pose a risk to your family’s health and safety if they are not quickly eradicated. In this article, we shall be looking at some of the most common household pests in Australia, how to identify infestations, how to prevent them and how to control them.
Yellowjackets are predatory wasps that feed on other insects and scavenge human food and garbage. They are more likely to sting when disturbed while foraging away from their nests. Stings can cause pain and injury in some people. To prevent stings, it is important not to disturb yellowjacket nests and to properly store food sources that may attract them. Traps can help reduce local yellowjacket populations.
Snakes come in a wide variety including both dangerous and beneficial types. They play an important role in ecosystems by controlling rodent populations. While some snakes can pose a danger, most are not aggressive and the majority of snake bites are due to accidental encounters. Some snakes also provide benefits to humans through uses in medicine, food, clothing and as pets. It is important to appreciate snakes as part of nature and avoid harming them without cause.
Custom Weed & Pest Control has been in business since 1989, serving the greater Phoenix metro area for both residential and commercial. We offer organic, natural and chemical pest control, with customized service to meet your specific needs. VISIT SITE
http://wekillweeds.com
CUSTOM WEED & PEST CONTROL
Phoenix AZ 85044
602-956-3844
623-376-7743
info@wekillweeds.com
This document provides information about cockatoo production and management. It discusses the natural habitats of cockatoos in Australia and Indonesia, their physical characteristics such as average body weight and breeding seasons. It also outlines housing requirements including minimum cage sizes, diet which includes seeds, nuts, fruits and berries, common illnesses like parasites and respiratory ailments, signs of illness, disease control practices and their long lifespan of 40-60 years.
How to Identify Poisonous and Non-poisonous Snake bhuwan bhatta
Identification of snake is very difficult from venomous to non-venomous. some of the body parts that help to distinguish from each other. most important is that the there is no any universal character that differs from each other.
Fleas are common parasite, found in almost allregions of the world. Dogs and cats mainly get infested with fleas during contact with other animals or contact with the fleas infested environment.
This document provides information on how to identify and get rid of rats, including:
1) Rats can carry disease and cause damage to homes, so it is important to take steps to remove them.
2) Rats live both outside and inside homes, hiding in various areas, so inspections should check potential hiding spots.
3) Food sources that attract rats include garbage, pet food, fallen fruits, and improperly maintained compost piles.
4) Traps and poisons are methods for killing rats, but traps are safer to use inside homes to avoid poisoning other animals. Proper disposal of dead rats and cleaning of infested areas is also described.
There are 96 species of snakes found in Sri Lanka, with 5 being highly poisonous. The highly poisonous snakes are the Cobra, Indian Krait, Sri Lankan Krait, Saw scaled Viper, and Russell's Viper. These snakes can be deadly if bitten. In addition, there are 91 species of mildly poisonous or non-poisonous snakes. The document provides descriptions of the highly poisonous snakes and advises on preventing snake bites.
Xypex Patch and Plug es un cemento de fraguado rápido diseñado para sellar grietas y huecos en concreto. Se usa para reparar áreas débiles, sellar juntas y grietas, y reforzar superficies antes de aplicar recubrimientos. Al mezclarse con agua, fragua en 2-3 minutos y desarrolla alta resistencia, sellando el paso del agua de manera duradera similar al concreto original. Proporciona instrucciones para su mezcla, aplicación y uso en diferentes tipos de reparaciones
This document provides an overview of commonly used HTML tags and best practices for using HTML in emails. It discusses HTML basics like tags and attributes. Common tags covered include bold, italic, underline, images, links, headers, paragraphs, lists and tables. It also reviews the eXpress 9 HTML editor and best practices like call to actions, merge fields and testing. Potential issues like email reader compatibility, load times and security are addressed, along with troubleshooting tips.
O documento descreve as etapas de uma celebração litúrgica cristã, incluindo a acolhida, ato penitencial, salmos, leituras bíblicas, evangelho, orações eucarísticas. Ele fornece as orações e leituras de uma missa ou culto cristão típico.
xRM4Legal Makes Microsoft Dynamics CRM Viable for Law FirmsDavid Blumentals
More than just marketing, xRM4Legal offers law firms the opportunity to integrate all their line of business applications within one easy to use, easy to manage, easy to afford environment. xRM is the evolution of CRM, where the X in xRM stands for eXtended Relationship Management. xRM is based on Microsoft CRM and the .NET platform
Este documento proporciona información general sobre el Torneo de Fútbol Alevín y Benjamín que se llevará a cabo en el Real Club Deportivo de La Coruña. Explica los detalles de la competición como las fases, los campos de juego, los horarios y las reglas. También cubre temas como la inscripción de equipos y jugadores, el equipamiento requerido, y los criterios para resolver empates. El objetivo del torneo es promover el deporte y el fair play entre los jugadores jóvenes.
This document provides information about the Xprog-M ECU Programmer version 5.45 and tips for using it. It states that the hardware will be damaged if any other version of the software is used or if an attempt is made to update the software or hardware. It describes how ECUs are important computer systems in cars and lists things to be aware of like removing antivirus software, only using the specified software version, not connecting to the internet, and never updating the software.
Raccoons are omnivorous nocturnal mammals that are well-adapted to urban environments where they find food and shelter. They can cause damage by entering attics and chimneys to nest, and by feeding on garden fruits and vegetables. Management of raccoon problems involves habitat modification to reduce food and shelter, exclusion methods to block access to buildings, and trapping by professionals when needed. Raccoons are intelligent animals that can learn to avoid scare devices and repellents.
Check out the best Ontario skunk Removal Services now!The Critter Guy
Skunk removal is always best left to the pros, but if you decide to try it yourself, make sure you have the right information. The following information will assist you in learning how to get rid of a skunk. It’s more dangerous than you think, so be careful. Check out how to look out for Ontario Skunk Removal services now!
Dangers With Raccoon entering homes – Here’s Ontario Raccoon Removal Services...The Critter Guy
Raccoons are fluffy, they`re curious, and they have a wide-eyed stare that could have you ever questioning that those animals are too harmless to ever do something wrong. You have to look out for a raccoon removal system or a service that can help you do it with ease.
What attracts Skunks the most? Let’s check out Skunk removal in Ontario!The Critter Guy
Skunks are famous animals that normally smell more regularly than seen. These elusive animals on occasion make their manner into our yards and go away with a stinky reminder that they had been here. Check out the article to know more about skunk removal in Ontario.
carpet beetle Their Control and Management.pptxtalalihsan52
1) The document describes three species of carpet beetles - the varied carpet beetle (Anthrenus verbasci), furniture carpet beetle (A. flavipes), and black carpet beetle (Attagenus unicolor).
2) It provides details on the taxonomy, identification, life cycles, damage caused, and monitoring and control methods for carpet beetles.
3) Natural predators like the parasitoid wasp Laelius pedatus help control the varied carpet beetle by laying eggs on the beetle larvae after attempting to brush off hairs the larvae erects in defense.
This document discusses commensal rodents and their health concerns. It describes the three main commensal rodent species - rats, mice, and roof rats. These species can carry diseases like hantavirus, leptospirosis, and rat bite fever. Hantavirus causes respiratory illness and is spread through rodent urine and droppings. Leptospirosis causes meningitis and is also spread through urine. Rat bite fever results from bites but also contaminated food/water. The document emphasizes controlling rodent infestations and properly sanitizing areas to reduce risk of disease transmission.
Silverfish and firebrats are small, wingless insects that feed on materials like paper, clothing, and food. They are commonly found in homes, hiding in places like bookshelves during the day and coming out at night to feed. Both insects can damage books and other paper products by scraping or chewing small holes. To control silverfish and firebrats, homeowners should clean and dry hiding places, seal cracks and crevices, and apply insecticide sprays or dusts directly into infested areas as needed.
The document discusses least-toxic methods for controlling common spiders. It describes the tarantula, black widow, and brown recluse spiders. It provides information on their habitats and behaviors. The document recommends non-chemical prevention methods like sealing cracks and vents, removing debris and clutter, and monitoring problem areas. Control methods include vacuuming webs and egg cases, trapping spiders in jars or bags and releasing them outside.
Slugs damage many common garden and ornamental plants, leaving large ragged holes. The most damaging slugs in western Washington are the grayish Deroceras reticulatum and the 3-4 inch long orange to black Arion ater. Slugs lay small clusters of 1/8-1/4 inch eggs that hatch after a few weeks. Cultural controls like removing habitat, trapping, and barriers such as copper fencing around plants are most effective at reducing slug populations. Chemical controls should be a last resort due to risks to pets and wildlife.
Why Is Skunk Removal A Priority for Your Home?The Critter Guy
Skunks are a completely not unusual animal located in residential areas, inclusive of rural, suburban, or even city areas. Of course, there are different issues to think about whilst coping with those critters. Keep analyzing beneath to discover the maximum not unusual place risks related to the presence of skunks and check out the best skunk removal services.
The document discusses concerns about a proposed location for a bat tower near a neighborhood in Temple Terrace, Florida. It raises questions about the suitability of the location due to parking limitations, increased traffic at dusk when bats emerge, lack of notification to the neighborhood, and safety concerns about potential contact with bats or diseases. It also questions why the project would encroach on existing park land.
The deer mouse is the most common and widely distributed mammal in North America. It spreads hantavirus, which can be deadly to humans. Deer mice prefer forests and fields and are nocturnal. They eat seeds and cache food. Their populations can damage crops and forests. To prevent hantavirus, it is important to exclude deer mice from homes, wear gloves when cleaning infested areas, and properly dispose of droppings and dead mice. Effective management involves exclusion, sanitation, habitat modification, trapping, and toxic baits.
Course Roof Rats What You Need To Know.pptxNanetteLaunius
This document provides information on roof rat inspections and control strategies. It describes signs of roof rat infestation to look for, including droppings, gnawing damage, runways, and grease marks. Common areas where roof rats may nest or be active are attics, walls, storage areas, and trees/shrubbery near buildings. Thorough inspections of interiors and exteriors are important to locate entry points, food/water sources, and areas of high activity to focus control efforts. Control options depend on inspection findings and safety considerations for people and non-target animals.
Only a few wasp species in California are social. Yellowjackets are the primary pest among social wasps and build nests underground or in cavities. Yellowjackets become aggressive when their nest is disturbed and may sting humans, especially in late summer when scavenging for food. Trapping and avoiding areas near nests are recommended for managing yellowjacket problems.
This document provides information on managing ground squirrels, a common garden pest in California. It describes the identification, biology, damage caused, and legal status of ground squirrels. Management recommendations include trapping, fumigation, and toxic baits. Trapping is most effective with low squirrel numbers, while fumigation works best in spring when soil is moist. Toxic baits require multiple feedings over 5+ days to be effective. The timing of control methods should consider the squirrels' seasonal activities and food sources.
Course COCKROACHES What You Need To Know.pptxPestCEUs
This document provides information about various cockroach species, their life cycles, habitats, and control methods. It discusses the identifying characteristics, egg laying habits, and preferred environments of common cockroach types like the German, Brownbanded, and Oriental cockroaches. Detection methods like trapping and visual inspections are outlined. Thorough sanitation, exclusion of entry points, and application of insecticides via baits, sprays or dusts to hiding places are recommended for effective control, with an emphasis on targeting each cockroach species' behaviors and needs.
Course Roof Rats What You Need To Know.doc.pptxPestCEUs
Roof rats are slender rats that live in close association with humans. They frequently inhabit attics, rafters, and ceilings of buildings. Roof rats are nocturnal and breed throughout the year, with females having multiple litters of 4-12 pups. Roof rats can transmit diseases like hantavirus, murine typhus, rat-bite fever, salmonella, and leptospirosis to humans. Inspections for roof rat infestations should examine the interior and exterior of structures for signs of droppings, gnawing, runways, tracks, and grease marks to locate nesting and activity areas.
Rodents can carry diseases that pose health risks to humans. Rats and mice often bring fleas, mites and other parasites into structures. These insects can spread illnesses like typhus, plague and cause allergic reactions in people. To control rodents and prevent disease, it is important to eliminate food and shelter, use sanitation and integrated pest management including traps, baits and exclusion. Removing rodents and cleaning infected areas are necessary to protect public health.
Rodents like rats and mice are considered commensal pests that can cause structural damage and spread diseases. The most common types are house mice, roof rats, and Norway rats, which differ in size, appearance, habitat, and litter sizes. They can squeeze into small spaces and prefer foods like dog/cat food that they must chew. Their droppings provide clues to identification. Rodents may carry diseases like hantavirus, leptospirosis, and flea-borne typhus and plague. Effective control requires sanitation, exclusion, and sometimes pesticides to eliminate infestations and reduce health risks.
Rodents like rats and mice can carry diseases that infect humans. Diseases spread by rodent fleas and urine include typhus, plague, leptospirosis, and rat bite fever. Symptoms range from fever and muscle aches to meningitis and liver failure. Rodent control is important to prevent disease transmission through sanitation and removal of infected animals and their droppings. Secondary pests like fleas and mites sometimes remain after rodents leave and bite people, so exclusion and miticide treatment are also recommended.
Marthe Cohn was a Jewish French spy who risked her life to gather intelligence for the French resistance during WWII. She infiltrated Nazi Germany using her fluent German and managed to discover key military information. As a result, the French army was able to achieve an important victory. Cohn went on to have a long career as a nurse and nurse anesthetist. She has received numerous honors for her wartime heroism and courageously fights to keep the memory of the Holocaust alive.
This document provides links to resources about organic gardening techniques, urban farming, rainwater harvesting, green roofs, straight vegetable oil vehicles, garden therapy, volunteering on organic farms in Europe, solar energy training, and eco-friendly coffee beans. It discusses how organic gardening technologies can increase plant yields by 400% and provides catalogs and manuals about topics such as city farming, backyard farming, rain gardens, and aquaponics systems. The links provide free information for organic and sustainable living practices.
Ruth Jones, a Christian teacher without a master's degree or administrative experience, was unexpectedly named principal of a struggling inner city elementary school in Grand Rapids, Michigan that was on the verge of closure due to poor academic performance. Through prayer, addressing students' practical needs, and recruiting volunteers, Jones led a dramatic turnaround of the school over 20 years. Test scores and graduation rates increased sharply, and the school now has a waiting list despite originally facing closure. Jones attributes the school's success to aligning herself with God.
- Coconut oil may help slow or prevent Alzheimer's disease in some people by providing an alternative fuel for brain cells in the form of ketones. Dr. Mary Newport put her husband Steve, who had Alzheimer's, on a diet supplemented with coconut oil, which led to improvements in his symptoms and cognitive abilities.
- Researchers have developed a ketone ester that is more potent than coconut oil, but it is very expensive to produce. Coconut oil remains a viable alternative source of ketones. Taking coconut oil may also help with other neurological diseases due to its ability to increase ketone levels and good cholesterol while reducing bad bacteria.
A teacher in Baltimore transformed the lives of students from the slums. In the 1920s, college students evaluated 200 boys from the slums and said they had no chance of success. Twenty-five years later, it was found that 176 of the 180 boys who could be located had achieved success as lawyers, doctors, and businessmen. The professor interviewed each man and they all credited their success to a teacher who had loved and believed in them. When interviewed, the elderly teacher said her simple method was that she loved those boys.
Robert Raikes witnessed the poor conditions of children in Gloucester, England in the late 18th century due to the Industrial Revolution. This inspired him to create the first Sunday school to educate and reform street children. The Sunday school used the Bible as its textbook and proved hugely successful in improving behavior and civic responsibility. Raikes' idea then spread across Britain and to other parts of Europe and America, revolutionizing religious education of children and community outreach efforts of churches. Late in life, Raikes had a profound spiritual experience witnessing a young girl reading the Bible that gave him a new understanding of faith.
The document discusses using Groasis Waterboxx devices to help plant and grow trees in dry environments like the Sahara Desert. It describes how the author and a colleague tried using 10 Waterboxx devices to plant trees in M'hamid, Morocco but their luggage containing the devices was initially lost. They were eventually found and the devices were used to plant tamarisk trees to compare growth with traditional planting methods. The document provides details on how the Waterboxx works, collecting condensation and directing water to tree roots, and hopes the experiment will help increase tree survival rates in the dry climate.
The Groasis Waterboxx is a low-tech device that helps seeds and saplings grow into strong trees in dry environments. It collects and stores rainwater and condensation to slowly water the roots daily. In tests, 88% of trees grown with the Waterboxx survived compared to only 10.5% without it. The inventor believes using this technology could reforest billions of acres and offset humanity's carbon emissions by capturing CO2 in new tree growth.
The document discusses the Groasis Technology, a planting method that uses a Waterboxx and other techniques to plant trees in dry areas with 90% less water. It summarizes that the technology (1) improves soil, maps planting areas, harvests rainfall, and uses the right planting techniques to help trees grow deep roots in the first year to survive independently. It also describes how the technology terraces slopes to harvest and direct rainfall to trees, uses 3D imaging to map ideal planting lines, and a capillary drill to quickly plant thousands of trees per day.
The document describes the Agua, Vida y Naturaleza Project (AVNP) that started in Ecuador in 2012. It is funded by the Dutch COmON Foundation to help small farmers in dry areas by introducing the Groasis Technology, which allows planting in deserts and eroded lands. The technology mimics nature by improving soil, maintaining capillary structures, and using a waterboxx device. The project aims to address issues small farmers face like lack of water, capital, and farming knowledge, in order to help alleviate world hunger and prevent farmers from migrating to cities due to lack of income from farming dry areas.
The document provides planting instructions for using a Waterboxx planting device. It outlines 6 main steps:
1. Preparing the soil by digging holes and adding compost/fertilizer or just watering.
2. Assembling the Waterboxx by placing the wick, mid-plate, lid, and siphons.
3. Preparing plants by pruning roots to encourage deep growth.
4. Planting in holes aligned east-west within the Waterboxx hole.
5. Placing the assembled Waterboxx over the planted area.
6. Watering the plants and filling the Waterboxx for the first time.
This document provides instructions for growing vegetables using the Groasis Waterboxx system. It details recommendations for greenhouse design, soil preparation, planting methods, plant spacing, watering schedules, and pest and disease management. Proper installation and maintenance of the Waterboxx system is emphasized to ensure healthy plant growth and high crop yields. Close monitoring of climate conditions and plant needs is also advised.
The document is a report on the Groasis waterboxx, a device that aims to allow farming without irrigation. It provides an overview of the waterboxx's history and development, describes its components and how it works, reviews testing that has been done, and evaluates its suitability for organic farming. In the conclusion, the report recommends that the cooperative discussed in the document not use the waterboxx yet, as more data is still needed, but could consider conducting their own tests with support from their technical services.
The document summarizes an invention called the Groasis that helps plants survive in arid climates by collecting and storing rainfall to provide steady watering to seedlings. It notes that most rainfall in deserts occurs within one week but is then unavailable, and that the Groasis uses evaporation-proof containers and wicking to deliver water to young plants over longer periods, allowing their roots to develop and access deeper groundwater reserves. Large-scale projects have used the Groasis in countries like Kenya to aid reforestation efforts and combat desertification.
The document summarizes the work of the Sahara Roots Foundation in Morocco and their use of the Groasis Waterboxx to help plant trees and reduce desertification. The Sahara Roots Foundation was established to implement development projects to conserve the Moroccan Sahara through activities like tree planting, irrigation, education, and desert cleaning. They have started using the Groasis Waterboxx, an "intelligent water battery" developed by AquaPro, to improve the survival rate of newly planted trees. The Waterboxx produces and captures water through condensation and rain, allowing trees to be planted in dry areas like rocks and deserts with a 100% success rate.
The document describes the Agua, Vida y Naturaleza Project (AVNP) that started in Ecuador in 2012. It is funded by the Dutch COmON Foundation to help small farmers in dry areas by introducing the Groasis Technology, which allows planting in deserts and eroded lands. The technology mimics nature by improving soil, maintaining capillary structures, and using a waterboxx device. The project aims to address issues small farmers face like lack of water, capital, and farming knowledge, in order to help alleviate world hunger and prevent farmers from migrating to cities.
Groasis Technology is compared to drip irrigation over a 50-year project for a 500-hectare tree plantation. Key financial indicators show that using Groasis Waterboxes results in a higher net present value (NPV) of €26.62 million compared to €21.15 million for drip irrigation, and a slightly higher internal rate of return (IRR) of 22.1% versus 23.4% for drip irrigation. Waterboxx also has a longer payback period of 7 years compared to 5 years for drip irrigation. The document provides assumptions and calculations for costs and revenues for both systems over the 50-year period.
A new technology called the Groasis Waterboxx shows promise for reclaiming desert landscapes and increasing plant survival rates. The simple device regulates temperature and moisture levels around young plants, allowing trees and crops to grow with little watering even in dry conditions. Initial trials in Africa found tree survival rates increased to 88% with the Waterboxx compared to only 10% without it. Researchers in Kenya are optimistic this technology could significantly reduce desertification and help transform the country's deserts into productive, economic areas through increased vegetation.
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Skunks Integrated Pest Management
1. SKUNKS
Integrated Pest Management Around the Home and Landscape
Two species of skunk are found in Cali-fornia,
the striped skunk (Mephitis mephi-tis)
(Fig. 1), which is the most commonly
found species, and the spotted skunk
(Spilogale gracilis). Both are members of
the weasel family and are equipped with
a powerful and protective scent gland
that can shoot a potent and pungent liq-uid
as far as 6 to 10 feet. The secretion is
acrid enough to cause nausea and can
produce severe burning and temporary
blindness if it strikes the eyes.
BIOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR
The striped skunk is about the size of an
adult house cat and its fur is mostly black
with white on top of the head and neck.
In most animals the white extends down
the back, usually separating into two
white stripes. Spotted skunks are black
with white spots or short white streaks.
They are smaller than the striped skunk,
about half the size of a house cat.
Skunks are nocturnal, hunting at night
for insects, grubs, small rodents, snakes,
frogs, mushrooms, berries and fruit, pet
food, bird food, and garbage. Skunks
have a high preference for eggs and, as a
result, ground-nesting birds suffer losses.
Breeding usually occurs during February
and March for the striped skunk; gesta-tion
time is about 9 weeks and litters
range from four to six kits. After a few
months the kits can be seen following
their mother as she makes her nightly
rounds in search of food. Skunks do not
hibernate, but in regions of colder
weather females may congregate in com-munal
dens during the winter.
Skunks often den in burrows, but because
they prefer to do as little digging as pos-sible,
they will use abandoned burrows
dug by ground squirrels, fox, or coyotes,
enlarging them only if necessary. If
dens are scarce, they will readily use
brush piles, hollow logs, and culverts.
In urban settings, they den under decks,
porches, or beneath buildings.
There is cause for concern when skunks
take up residence in an urban or subur-ban
area because in California they are
primary carriers of rabies, a viral dis-ease
transmitted by the bite of an in-fected
animal. Skunks are also carriers
of other diseases including leptospiro-sis,
listeriosis, canine distemper, canine
hepatitis, Q-fever, tularemia, and trypa-nosoma.
Skunks are attracted to residential areas
by the ready availability of food, water,
and shelter. They become a nuisance
when they live under porches, decks,
garden tool sheds, or homes. They like
to feed on ripening berries and fallen
fruit and cause many other garden
problems by digging while in search of
grubs and other insects. They often
search for food in lawns by digging
small pits or cone-shaped depressions
that range from to 3 to 5 inches across.
Like raccoons, they may also damage
lawns by rolling back sections of sod in
search of insects.
LEGAL STATUS
The California Fish and Game Code
classifies skunks as nongame mammals.
Nongame mammals that are injuring or
threatening property may be taken by
the owner or tenant of the premises at
any time and in any legal manner. Fish
and Game regulations prohibit the relo-cation
of skunks and other wildlife
without written permission of the De-partment
of Fish and Game. The preva-lence
of rabies in the skunk population
is one of several major reasons for de-nying
Figure 1. Adult striped skunk.
relocation. For further informa-tion
on the legal status of skunks, con-tact
the California Department of Fish
and Game.
MANAGEMENT
Because rabies is endemic in the skunk
population, some city or county health
departments assist in the control of
skunks by providing trappers to re-move
them from residential areas. The
skunk’s propensity to spray their musk-laden
spray is sufficient to make them
unwelcome visitors, especially in close
proximity to homes. Several actions can
be taken to make gardens, yards, and
residences less attractive to skunks.
Detection
Because they are usually active only at
night, many people never see skunks as
they travel through their neighbor-hoods
or yards. Barking dogs may be
the first apparent sign of their presence,
and the odor resulting from a skunk/
dog confrontation will provide positive
evidence. If skunks repeatedly travel
PEST NOTES Publication 74118
University of California
Agriculture and Natural Resources June 2004
2. June 2004 Skunks
◆ 2 ◆
through your yard or garden, sooner or
later you will detect a faint skunk odor,
even if the skunk has not sprayed. As
with raccoons, an occasional visit by a
skunk or a family of skunks may not be
cause for concern, but if these visits
become commonplace, some action is
probably warranted. During the breed-ing
season, males frequently spray
when fighting over females. The pres-ence
of these odors in late winter is a
signal that skunks might be nearby and
that it could be necessary to take appro-priate
measures to prevent pregnant
females from accessing potential nest-ing
sites underneath buildings.
Habitat Modification
Potential den sites can be limited by
cutting back overgrown shrubbery and
by stacking firewood tightly. To reduce
food sources, fallen fruit should be re-moved
frequently. Garbage cans should
have tight-fitting lids, and food items or
table scraps should not be placed in
compost bins. Food placed out-of-doors
for pets should be removed by nightfall.
Exclusion
As with many other vertebrate pests,
the best solution to skunk problems
beneath porches or buildings is to
screen or block them out. Close off all
potential entrances or openings under
houses, garden tool sheds, mobile
homes, porches, and decks with 1⁄4-inch
mesh hardware cloth. The advantage of
using the small mesh is that it will also
exclude rats and house mice if installed
correctly. Skunks will work hard to get
into a desirable denning space, so take
care to make fittings good and tight. If
there is soil underneath the potential
entrances, bury the wire 6 inches to
make a good seal.
Once skunks have made their home
beneath a building, the problem is a
little more difficult because you have to
be sure the animals have left before
blocking the opening. One way to de-termine
this is to sprinkle a smooth,
1⁄8-inch thick layer of flour just in front
of the point of entrance to form a track-ing
patch. Examine the tracking patch
soon after dark; the presence of foot-prints
will indicate that the animal has
left and the opening can be closed.
However, blocking the entrance is more
problematic if there are several young
left behind. If you are not sure that all
the skunks beneath a building have left,
a one-way, outward-swinging gate can
be fashioned that will allow any re-maining
skunks to leave but not to re-enter.
This gate can be constructed from
1⁄2-inch mesh hardware cloth hinged at
the top of the frame and left loose on
the other three sides. It must be larger
than the opening so that it can only
swing outward (Fig. 2). Skunks will
push it open to leave but will not be
able to push it inward to reenter. This is
ineffective, of course, if the kits are not
yet mobile; kits not yet able to walk
may have to be removed by other
means. The placement of one or more
floodlights beneath the building facing
outward through the skunk’s entry
point will often assist in driving them
away from a location.
Trapping
Skunks can be trapped with an en-closed
cage-type, live-catch trap. Plastic
box traps are superior to wire traps
because they are completely enclosed,
thus reducing the risk of getting
sprayed while removing the trapped
animal from the site. Individuals who
have no experience trapping skunks
should hire a professional wildlife con-trol
operator. Professionals have the
experience and all the necessary equip-ment
to trap and dispatch the animal.
An experienced trapper is also much
less apt to be sprayed, an event to be
avoided if at all possible. Skunks cannot
be relocated without a permit, and be-cause
of the potential for rabies it is
unlikely the Fish and Game Depart-ment
will issue one.
Other Control Methods
A few commercial products are avail-able
for repelling skunks, but unfortu-nately
they are not very effective.
Ordinary household ammonia has been
used with some reported success as a
home remedy repellent for driving
skunks from beneath buildings.
It is sometimes also suggested that food
for skunks can be reduced by managing
grubs and other insects in lawns. This is
done with the hope that the animal will
Figure 2. A one-way door constructed to
allow an animal to exit but not to return.
Screen door must overlap frame to pre-vent
reentry.
refrain from further digging. If your
lawn is infested with insects or grubs,
see Pest Notes: Lawn Insects, listed in
References, or contact your local Coop-erative
Extension office.
Burrow fumigants such as gas or smoke
cartridges may be used in rural areas if
the burrows used by skunks can be
located and are not under or near build-ings.
They are not generally recom-mended
for use in residential areas
because of the risk of fire and penetra-tion
of the gas into buildings. These
cartridges are ignited and pushed into
the skunk’s burrow. The burrow is then
sealed off with soil and packed tightly
to prevent the toxic and asphyxiating
smoke from escaping. Follow the prod-uct
instructions carefully.
In rural areas where it is safe to do so,
skunks may be spotlighted at night and
shot. Since they may spray in the pro-cess,
be selective in the location chosen
for this control method.
Odor Removal
There are several options for odor re-moval.
The chemical neutroleum-alpha
is one of the most useful neutralizers
for removing the unpleasant skunk
scent on furniture or in buildings, but
this material and products containing it
are not readily available. There are also
other commercial products sold for
neutralizing or masking skunk odor. If
3. June 2004 Skunks
◆ 3 ◆
For more information contact the University
of California Cooperative Extension or agri-cultural
commissioner’s office in your coun-ty.
See your phone book for addresses and
phone numbers.
AUTHORS: T. P. Salmon, D. A. Whisson,
and R. E. Marsh
TECHNICAL EDITOR: M. L. Flint
DESIGN, COORDINATION, AND
PRODUCTION: M. Brush
ILLUSTRATIONS: Fig. 1: Christine M.
Dewees; Fig. 2: Chris O’Connor
Produced by IPM Education and Publica-tions,
UC Statewide IPM Program, Universi-ty
of California, Davis, CA 95616-8620
This Pest Note is available on the World
Wide Web (http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu)
This publication has been anonymously peer re-viewed
for technical accuracy by University of Cal-ifornia
scientists and other qualified professionals.
This review process was managed by the ANR
Associate Editor for Pest Management.
To simplify information, trade names of products
have been used. No endorsement of named products
is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar products
that are not mentioned.
This material is partially based upon work
supported by the Extension Service, U.S. Department
of Agriculture, under special project Section 3(d),
Integrated Pest Management.
WARNING ON THE USE OF CHEMICALS
Pesticides are poisonous. Always read and carefully follow all precautions and safety recommendations
given on the container label. Store all chemicals in the original labeled containers in a locked cabinet or shed,
away from food or feeds, and out of the reach of children, unauthorized persons, pets, and livestock.
Confine chemicals to the property being treated. Avoid drift onto neighboring properties, especially
gardens containing fruits or vegetables ready to be picked.
Do not place containers containing pesticide in the trash nor pour pesticides down sink or toilet. Either
use the pesticide according to the label or take unwanted pesticides to a Household Hazardous Waste
Collection site. Contact your county agricultural commissioner for additional information on safe container
disposal and for the location of the Household Hazardous Waste Collection site nearest you. Dispose of
empty containers by following label directions. Never reuse or burn the containers or dispose of them in such
a manner that they may contaminate water supplies or natural waterways.
The University of California prohibits discrimination or harassment of any person on the basis of race,
color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity, pregnancy (including childbirth, and medical condi-tions
related to pregnancy or childbirth), physical or mental disability, medical condition (cancer-related
or genetic characteristics), ancestry, marital status, age, sexual orientation, citizenship, or status as a
covered veteran (covered veterans are special disabled veterans, recently separated veterans, Vietnam
era veterans, or any other veterans who served on active duty during a war or in a campaign or expedi-tion
for which a campaign badge has been authorized) in any of its programs or activities. University
policy is intended to be consistent with the provisions of applicable State and Federal laws. Inquiries
regarding the University’s nondiscrimination policies may be directed to the Affirmative Action/Staff
Personnel Services Director, University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources, 300 Lakeside
Drive, 6th Floor, Oakland, CA 94612-3550, (510) 987-0096.
you cannot find such products easily,
contact a professional wildlife control
operator, who may be able to provide
neutroleum-alpha or can tell you
where it can be purchased. Do not use
neutroleum-alpha on pets or people. If
your dog or cat has confronted a
skunk, call your veterinarian to deter-mine
current recommendations for
washing the animal to get rid of skunk
odor.
A home remedy formulation reported
by some to be effective is as follows:
1 quart 3% hydrogen peroxide
1⁄4 cup baking soda
1 teaspoon liquid soap.
Once the hydrogen peroxide is mixed
with the baking soda, the mixture is
unstable and generates oxygen, and
thus cannot be bottled or stored. Ap-parently,
oxidation changes the
chemical composition of skunk scent
so that it no longer smells. When the
fresh mixture is applied to items con-taminated
by skunk odor, the smell
diminishes quickly. Any leftover mix-ture
should be diluted several fold
with water and poured down the
drain. Hydrogen peroxide mixtures
can be used safely on pets and people
as well as on clothing and furniture.
Rinse pets thoroughly with water after
treatment.
Skunk Bites
Rabies, an infectious disease caused
by a virus organism, is found in the
saliva of infected animals. It affects
only mammals and is transmitted
most commonly by a bite. With the
exception of bats, the disease is almost
always fatal. People can survive the
bite of a rabid animal, but only if
medical attention is received in time.
A physician should attend to ALL
skunk bites, no matter how minor, and
the local health department should be
notified of the incident.
Skunks that seem tame or listless and
wander about during daylight hours
should be treated with great caution
because this behavior is symptomatic of
rabies. Also, if they exhibit no fear of
people or pets and show some aggres-sive
behavior, chances are quite high
that they are rabid.
If you live in an area where skunks
occur, be sure your dogs and cats are
routinely vaccinated against rabies.
Some dogs will confront skunks when-ever
they get an opportunity. Even
though they suffer when they get
sprayed, some dogs never learn.
COMPILED FROM
Salmon, T. P., D. A. Whisson, and R. E.
Marsh. In press. Wildlife Pest Control
Around Gardens and Homes. 2nd ed.
Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res.
Publ. 21385.
REFERENCES
Dreistadt, S. H., M. A. Harivandi,
H. Costa, and J. S. Hartin. March 2003.
Pest Notes: Lawn Insects. Oakland: Univ.
Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ. 7476.