Diseases and insect Pests of Mushroom .Vikas Tiwari
Mushroom are mainly subjected to bacterial , fungal and viral diseases.
Improper pasteurization of compost and casing soil can be the major source of diseases
Once the disease is introdeuced in the farm it can be carried out by different agencies like air, water, machines and workers.
Abiotic Stress in Mushroom Production
Besides the biotic agents, which adversely affect the mushrooms, there are a large number of abiotic agents which create unfavourable environment for the proper growth of 170 Mushrooms: Cultivation, Marketing and Consumption mushrooms resulting in the quantitative as well as qualitative losses. These abiotic agents include temperature, relative humidity, low or high moisture in the substrate, pH, CO2 concentration in the room, wind velocity and fumes. Some of the most common abnormalities generally encountered during button mushroom cultivation are as under.
Disease managment in Mushroom A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad khan Former Dire...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Disease managment in Mushroom A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad khan Former Director General Agriculture Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Diseases and insect Pests of Mushroom .Vikas Tiwari
Mushroom are mainly subjected to bacterial , fungal and viral diseases.
Improper pasteurization of compost and casing soil can be the major source of diseases
Once the disease is introdeuced in the farm it can be carried out by different agencies like air, water, machines and workers.
Abiotic Stress in Mushroom Production
Besides the biotic agents, which adversely affect the mushrooms, there are a large number of abiotic agents which create unfavourable environment for the proper growth of 170 Mushrooms: Cultivation, Marketing and Consumption mushrooms resulting in the quantitative as well as qualitative losses. These abiotic agents include temperature, relative humidity, low or high moisture in the substrate, pH, CO2 concentration in the room, wind velocity and fumes. Some of the most common abnormalities generally encountered during button mushroom cultivation are as under.
Disease managment in Mushroom A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad khan Former Dire...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Disease managment in Mushroom A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad khan Former Director General Agriculture Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Growing oyster mushroom A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad khan Former Director...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Growing oyster mushroom A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad khan Former Director General Agriculture Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Control of 25 Household Pests (Pests of Medical Impotance)Amos Watentena
This is an outline of the possible control mechanisms of the major household pests. The pests are a nuisance to humans and pose serious public health problems.
Requirements of a mushroom house A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Requirements of a mushroom house A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former Director General Agriculture Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Growing oyster mushroom A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad khan Former Director...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Growing oyster mushroom A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad khan Former Director General Agriculture Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Control of 25 Household Pests (Pests of Medical Impotance)Amos Watentena
This is an outline of the possible control mechanisms of the major household pests. The pests are a nuisance to humans and pose serious public health problems.
Requirements of a mushroom house A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former ...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Requirements of a mushroom house A Presentation By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former Director General Agriculture Extension KPK Province and Visiting Professor the University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan
Custom Weed & Pest Control has been in business since 1989, serving the greater Phoenix metro area for both residential and commercial. We offer organic, natural and chemical pest control, with customized service to meet your specific needs. VISIT SITE: https://wekillweeds.com/
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Detection Techniques of Insect Populations in Stored GrainsAmos Watentena
It is very important to detect low-level infestations of storage pests if control measures are to be implemented in sufficient time to prevent losses.
The use of traps and other advanced technologies as presented here, causes less damage to the commodity and will often provide the first evidence of an infestation that has developed between store inspections.
To deal with pests, such as mealybugs or spider mites, most farmers use chemical pesticides which can impact health, pollute water supplies through runoff, and, if pesticides are misused or overused, can actually kill plants. You can avoid toxic chemicals by using natural pest control methods instead. Taking a preventative approach will also save you time and MONEY. The following presentation presents ways in which we can fight pests without using pesticides.
Ecosystem and The Flow of Energy in an EcosytemAmos Watentena
An ecosystem is a community made up of living organisms and nonliving components such as air, water, and mineral soil. It is the complex of living organisms, their physical environment, and all their interrelationships in a particular unit of space. This presentation therefore describes an ecosystem in details, the nutrient cycles and the energy pathways in a much scientifically proven manner.
Biogeochemical Cycles and Human ActivitiesAmos Watentena
A biogeochemical cycle is one of several natural cycles, in which conserved matter moves through the biotic and abiotic parts of an ecosystem. In geography and Earth science, a biogeochemical cycle or substance turnover or cycling of substances is a pathway by which a chemical substance moves through biotic (biosphere) and abiotic (lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere) compartments of Earth. The following presentation discusses the role of humans in the biogeochemical cycles.
Beneficial insects (bugs) are insects that perform valued services like pollination and pest control. The concept of beneficial is subjective and only arises in light of desired outcomes from a human perspective. In farming and agriculture, where the goal is to raise selected crops, insects that hinder the production process are classified as pests, while insects that assist production are considered beneficial. In horticulture and gardening; pest control, habitat integration, and 'natural vitality' aesthetics are the desired outcome with beneficial insects.
The insect's digestive system is a closed system, with one long enclosed coiled tube called the alimentary canal which runs lengthwise through the body. The alimentary canal only allows food to enter the mouth, and then gets processed as it travels toward the anus.
Pests in Homes, Risks, Problems and ControlAmos Watentena
This is a complete summary of household risks associated with pests and some of the control measures. It underscore the roles of other non target organisms which must be protected within the ecosystem.
This presentation summarizes the major concepts of Tropical Rain Forests, Temperate Deciduous Forests, Boreal Forest, Tropical Savanna, Steppe, Chaparral and Prairie. It gives much emphasis on the characteristics and examples using clear definitions.
This presentation summarizes the key concepts of an ecological succession, citing clear examples. It gives readers an understanding of the stages involved in both primary and secondary succession.
This presentation summarizes the major concepts about interactions of organisms while highlighting the ecosystem, competition, symbiosis and the ecological niche.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Control of 25 Outdoor Pests (Pests of Agricultural Importance)
1. Control of 25 Outdoor
Pests
(Pests of Agricultural
Importance)
Watentena Amos
April, 2018
2. Mantids
Control
Are pests because they prey on
many beneficial insects
Some insecticides can drastically
reduce the numbers of mantids in
the garden
Selective insecticides, such as
those containing Bacillus
thuringiensis (for caterpillar
control) and insecticidal soap (to
control soft-bodied insect pests)
have little impact on mantids
The best way to destroy mantids
is to identify them properly,
catch them, and crush them
3. Allegheny Mound Ants
Control
Using a shovel, hoes, or other
tool, scrape away the top of the
nest to expose the tunnels and
passageways into the nest
Wear long pants, tucked into
boots or long socks
Use a brush to remove the ants
from your clothing
Pour enough boiling water slowly
down the holes to kill eggs
Try to keep the boiling water
from pooling on the ground
surface, and soaking into the
surrounding soils.
4. Scales
Control
Insects are hidden under waxy or
hard scale cover
Brown soft scale is common in
greenhouses and on houseplants
Plant may decline and die
Crawlers are young insects that
emerge from eggs and “crawl” to a
feeding site;
Crawlers are very sensitive to
insecticidal treatment than other
stages
5. Gypsy Moth Caterpillar
Control
Destroy the egg mass by crushing
them or place them in a bucket of
soapy water
Wear protective clothing to
prevent allergic reactions
Use of barrier bands to prevent
larvae from crawling up the trunks
For large populations, use
insecticidal treatment of a product
containing Bacillus thuringensis
Remove stressed trees as they
provide wounds or deep bark
crevices that provide the larvae
with shelter that will aid in their
survival
6. Tobacco Horn Worm
Control
Hand pick them from the soil,
place into a plastic bag, seal the
bag and discard it
Never kill a hornworm that has
“grains of rice” stuck to its back
Allow the baby wasps to escape
and lay eggs in more caterpillars
If not, you can buy beneficial
bugs
Birds enjoy caterpillars—so
having a birdbath near plants is
also beneficial to control
Spray the leaves of plants with a
form of Bacillus thuringiensis,
kurstaki
7. Aphids
Control
Small, often pear-shaped, soft-
bodied insects
Sticky appearance caused by
honeydew, a sweet, sticky liquid
that aphids and other sucking
insects excrete
Sooty mold, a black fungus, may
grow on honeydew
Available aphid predators include
ladybugs and lacewings
Some insecticides available for
home use but may also kill the
predators
8. Eastern Tent Caterpillar
and Canker Worm/ Loopers
Control
An organic pest barrier may be
used to prevent the adult female
moths from reaching the tops of
the trees to breed
Biological insecticides include the
use of Bacillus thuringiensis
Caterpillars are frequently
parasitized by various tiny wasps
Removal and destruction of the
egg masses from ornamentals
Small tents can be removed by
hand, and burnt
Larger tents may be pruned out or
removed by winding the nest upon
the end of a stick and destroyed
9. Honey Bees
Control
Stinging social insects that often
build nests near occupied dwellings
Wear protective light colored
clothing, beekeeper’s veil and
leather gloves, sleeve and leg cuffs
tucked in, even if you are just trying
to locate the nest
Gently tap the wall with a hammer
and listen for the bee’s answering
hum, to locate a nest
Check periodically around outside of
house during early summer to spot
and treat small nests
10. Blister Beetle And Colorado
Potato Beetle
Control
Hand picking is an effective
method, wear protective gloves
because these beetles secrete a
strong chemical that can blister
human skin
Place the picked beetles into a
plastic bag, tightly seal the bag,
and dispose of the bag in a sealed
garbage can
Use a mixture of equal parts lime
and flour as a dust on the
infested plants
Avoid repeated usage of one
particular insecticide by rotating
the insecticides used, rapid
pesticide resistance
11. Lady Beetle And Japanese
Beetle
Control
Physically removing beetles by
hand
The easiest way to collect the
beetles is to shake them off of
plants early in the morning when
they are sluggish
Wear protective gloves, and place
the beetles in a plastic bag. Drop
the beetles into a bucket of soapy
water to kill them immediately or
seal the bag and dispose of it in a
closed garbage can.
Heat in homes and buildings warm
them and they become active
crawling on walls and ceilings or
moving to sunny windows. Vacuum
or sweep up gently and deposit
outside. Seal entrances as
appropriate with caulk, screening
12. Powder Post Beetle And
Spotted Beetle
Control
Powder or very fine sawdust on or
beneath wood and small round or
oval shot holes in wood surfaces
indicates infestation
Well-finished, painted, or other
finished dry wood is seldom
attacked
Keep wood dry; keep moisture and
humidity levels low wherever
possible
Cucumber Beetles main danger to
the home garden is that the insect
vectors a bacterial infection known
as cucubitis
Immediately remove the infested
plant from the garden and dispose
of it in a plastic bag, away from the
garden area
13. Fungus Gnats And Thrips
Control
Small, dark-colored flies often
seen in home around flowerpots,
larvae feed on decaying organic
matter
When houseplants are source,
remove and discard growing media;
repot in sterile media/soil
Clean up spills of organic matter
indoors
Discard infested plants
Keep areas dry where possible;
correct moisture problems
Two species of mites prey on
thrips and are available
commercially
14. White Flies
Control
Adults are small, yellowish insects
with dull, white wings
Immature whiteflies are oval and
flattened, yellowish scale-like
insects
Heavily infested plants send up a
cloud of adults when disturbed
The small wasp parasite, Encarsia
formosa, is available for biological
control for outdoor plants
The combined use of sticky traps
and Encarsia looks very promising.
15. Flat Headed Borer
Control
Regularly check young trees and
shrubs that are becoming
established
Check for chewing injury by beetles
on new twig growth or leaves
Trees should be properly watered,
fertilized, and protected from
pests, particularly during the first
two or three years of growth and
during drought periods that cause
extreme stress.
Trim damaged trees and eliminate
weak ones
Infested limbs, branches and
trunks should be trimmed in the
fall, burned or chipped and
composted during the winter to
reduce emerging borer populations
16. Squash Beetle And Mexican
Bean Beetle
Control
Hand pick these beetles
Drop them in a pail of soapy water
Also, remove the bright yellow
eggs laid in clusters on the
undersides of leaves
Floating row covers can be used as
a physical barrier
Ladybugs, lacewing, and minute
pirate bugs, are predators
Apply diatomaceous earth to
plants/spot treat with insecticidal
soap
Botanical insecticides
Remove garden trash and other
debris shortly after harvest
17. Elm Leaf Beetle And Flea
Beetle
Control
Outdoor pests of elm that
overwinter indoors, usually in
attics, unused chimneys, and barns
Repair and caulk openings near
elms
Remove by hand with a vacuum or
by sweeping up
Dispose of beetles outdoors
Open attic windows to allow
release in the spring.
Damage from this beetle is usually
restricted to borders of gardens,
especially those near wooded areas
18. Clear Wing Borer
Control
Keep plants healthy
Mulch around the trunk
Avoid pruning during warm months
Remove and destroy infested,
dying or dead plants
Use predatory beetles, parasitic
wasps or flies, and birds
Use pheromone traps to monitor
adult activity (attract males)
Use ultraviolet ‘black light’ traps
to monitor adult beetles, which
are drawn to the light and die in
the bucket (traps attract both
males and females)
19. Angoumois Grain Moth
Control
Larvae feed in flour/grain
products, dried fruits, nuts, when
mature, crawl up walls to pupate.
Destroy infested food
Clean shelves and cupboards
thoroughly; remove food/dishes,
clean upper corners as well
Carefully clean area where walls
and ceiling meet
Keep fresh supplies and pet foods
in tightly closed containers
Use flyswatter as needed
Pheromone traps can be helpful in
catching remaining stray male
moth
20. Carpenter Bee
Control
Structural pests that bore holes
for nesting in boards of porches,
windows, and door frames
They prefer rough-cut untreated
wood surfaces over painted or
well-finished surfaces, paint them
Screen bees from nesting sites,
especially in spring and early
summer
Fill holes with putty and repaint as
needed
Hanging trap boards may cause
bees to use these instead of the
wood of the house
Wear protective clothing.
21. Eastern Tent Caterpillar And
Forest Tent Caterpillar
Control
Caterpillars are frequently
parasitized by various tiny wasps
Removal and destruction of the egg
masses from ornamentals
In the early spring,
remove/destroy small tents by
hand, prune out/destroy larger
tents by winding the nest upon the
end of a stick
Burning the tents out with a torch,
if you are out of city limits
Apply insecticide containing
Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki,
in evenings
Use a high pressure spray
22. Bagworms
Control
If only a few small trees or
shrubs are infesting evergreens,
picking the bags off by hand and
disposing of them may control,
this is most effective during the
fall, winter, or early spring,
before the eggs have hatched
When many bagworms are
infesting evergreens, use a
microbial insecticide Bacillus
thuringiensis, when eggs have
hatched
Preventative treatment of low-
populations may be a good idea if
shrubs or trees have had a serious
infestation the previous year
Other insecticides may often kill
the beneficial insects that feed
on pests
23. Grey Field Slug
Control
Keep area near foundations dry and
free of refuse or piles of organic
matter
As bait, use beer ¾ in. deep in
steep-sided dish or tray
Various moisture-holding devices
such as an upside down flower pot or
empty grapefruit skin can be used
to trap slugs and snails during the
day
They need to be removed (wearing
gloves) and disposed of daily before
dark
24. Grasshopper
Control
Apply a garlic spray
Dust the leaves with flour
Introduce natural predators, even
domestic birds can feed on
hoppers, chickens and guinea fowls
Set up a long grass trap
25. Parasitoid Wasp
Control
They are often natural predators,
infestations may occur
They are attracted to lights, can
find their way indoors
Switch off such lights for a while
They require no control measure
since they pose no harm to
anybody
26. Lady Bug
Control
They are often natural predators,
infestations can be controlled by,
Use vacuum filters
Use a broom, sweep insects into
dustbins, discard
Insect light traps in relatively
dark locations to attract lady bug
beetles