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Xml for Translators
- 1. WYSIWYG Speak: Improvingyour Understandingof MarkupLanguages
- 2. ¡Hi Calvin!
- 3. Goals 1 Access markup languages via linguistics: Lexicon: tags as words Syntax: combinatorial options Semantics: what tags do
- 4. Goals 2 Learn to distinguish markup (metalanguage) text (object language) Work with marked-up files Use ML-based translation tools Intervene in ML vocabulary creation
- 5. What is Markup? Earmarking text with metadata USE of object language Goblins are deceiving creatures. MENTION with metalanguage “Goblin” comes from a Greek term. Note the use of quotation marks!!! Meaning to text for ≠ applications to use Semiotics
- 6. Example
- 7. What is Markup? ASMALLGREENDOTLOSTINTHEVA STNESSOFTHESOUTHEASTERNPA CIFICOCEANEASTERISLANDHASL ONGENCHANTEDARCHAEOLOGIS TSANDTHEPUBLICHUNDREDSOFG IANTSTONEFIGURESORMOAITHAT DECORATETHEVOLCANICISLANDR EMAINASOURCEOFFASCINATION A small green dot lost in the vastness of the southeastern Pacific Ocean, Easter Island has long enchanted archaeologists and the public. Hundreds of giant stone figures, or Moai, that decorate the volcanic island remain a source of fascination.
- 8. ML Languages SGML Standardized General Markup Language Hypertext Markup Language HTML XML eXtensible Markup Language Tim Berners Lee Charles Goldfarb > ISO W3C WorldWide Web Consortium
- 10. Visual interpretation Semantic interpretation Preset typographical operations Expandable description of logical structure Procedural Language Semantic Language HTML XML
- 11. Linguistic Features of a ML SIGNS :: elements in tags MEANING :: instructions SYNTAX :: open/close nested structure
- 12. ML Signs:Tags < title > Book < / title > START tag END tag ELEMENT text less than slash greater than Delimiters + Name Case sensitive (lower case)
- 13. ML Meaning: Instructions Tags organize text Tags style text Tags describe text <b> <h1> <lastname> <p> <li> <center> <bgcolor> <ingredient>
- 14. ML Syntax: order Tags open and close: <h1>texto</h1> Declared attributes: Property=“Value” Nested in order: < table width=“100%”/> <h1>text</h1> <b><i>text</i></b> <h1 /> (deprecated)
- 15. ML Syntax: compound words < table width=“100%” > […] < / table> property element value Attributes
- 16. Where’s the translatable text? [descriptive] <recipe>Breaded Chicken Breast</recipe> [procedural] <li>chicken breast</li>v <li>breadcrumbs</li> Marked-up TranslatebleText
- 17. HTML Skeleton <html> <head> <title> Here goes the title </title> </head> <body> Here goes the content </body> </html>
- 18. <html> <head> <title>Recipe </title> </head> <body> <h1>Paella</h1> <h3>Ingredients</h3> <p>rice</p> <p>etc</p> </body> </html> Display according to instructions <?xml version="1.0" encoding=“UTF-8"?> <recipe> <type>Paella </type> <ingredient>rice </ingredient> <ingredient>etc </ingredient> </recipe>
- 19. HTML Graphic File Instruction Porta Ludovica <img src="porta.GIF" width="432" height="216" align="BOTTOM" alt="Porta Ludovica"><br>
- 20. HTML Limitations Mix of style and structure Bolding, Centering, Color, Paragraphs,Tables, etc. W3C decided to separate: style instructions structure instructions *WorldWideWeb Consortium
- 21. HTML Expansion Structure: <h1> HTML proper: structural integrity Style: <font> <color> CSS: associate the same HTML document with different styles CSS: Cascading Style Sheets
- 22. XML: eXtensible Markup Language Extensible: no predetermined set of tags Platform & application independent Applicable to very diverse fields Data representation for Storage > meaningful fragments Interaction > searching / sorting Control > transformation / display within a browser, PDF, print publishing, etc.
- 23. Conveys info on structure and meaning Tree hierarchy Validated Syntax (rules OK?) XML
- 25. Declaration Defines XML version and character encoding Optional <xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <recipe> <type>Paella </type> <ingredient>rice [...] UTF: UniversalCharacter SetTransformation Format <xml version="1.0" encoding=“UTF-8"?> <recipe> <type>Paella </type> <ingredient>rice [...]
- 26. Tags Element delimiters <start tag> :: opens an element <end tag> :: closes an element <xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <recipe> <name> Paella </name> <ingredient>rice </ingredient> [...]
- 27. Elements Building blocks of XML Root element: mandatory <xml version="1.0" encoding=“UTF-8"?> <recipe> <name> Paella </name> <ingredient> rice </ingredient> [...]
- 28. Attributes Additional information about elements Syntax: <element property=”value”> <tel type=“cell”>123-456-7890</tel> <book id=“001” lang=“Italian”>[text]</book>
- 29. Comments Notes or temporary edit-out of code Signaled by <!-- comment --> No visual rendition Not translated <xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <!--this example is based on TEI guidelines--> <novel> <title>The Pillars of the Earth</name> [...]
- 30. Referencing Workaround for entities of object language Avoid confusions with the metalanguage Reference Entity < < > > & & " “
- 31. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <catalog> <book id="bk001" lang="english" trans=""> <author>Nadine Kano</author> <translator></translator> <title>Developing International Software</title> <origtitle></origtitle> <genre>IT</genre> <publish_date>1995-12-05</publish_date> <description>A handbook for international software design.</description> </book> <book id="bk002" lang="italian" trans=""> <author>Enrico Galiano</author> <translator></translator> <title>Eppure cadiamo feilici</title> <origtitle></origtitle> <genre>Fiction</genre> <publish_date>2017-04-18</publish_date> <description>La sotira di una giovvane che non a paura di ascoltare il rumore della felicità.</description> </book> <book id="bk003" lang="english" trans="spanish"> <author>Ken Follet</author> <translator>Rosalía Vázquez</translator> <title>Los Pilares de la Tierra</title> <origtitle>The Pillars of the Earth</origtitle> <genre>Historical Fiction</genre> <publish_date>2008-02-01</publish_date> <description>Durante la construcción de una catedral gótica, el amor, la muerte y el poder se entrecruzan mostrando que las relaciones humanas son siempre complejas.</description> </book> </catalog> elements root element
- 34. Browser Display without Style • Title • Author • Genre
- 35. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet href="books_style.xsl" type="text/xsl" ?> <catalog> <book id="bk001" lang="english" trans=""> <author>Nadine Kano</author> <translator></translator> <title>Developing International Software</title> <origtitle></origtitle> <genre>IT</genre> <publish_date>1995-12-05</publish_date> <description>A handbook for international software design.</description> </book> <book id="bk002" lang="italian" trans=""> Reference to Stylesheet Styling XML: XSL
- 36. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transf orm" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" exclude-result-prefixes="xs" version="2.0"> <xsl:template match="/catalog"> <html> [styling instrucions go here] </html> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet Xpath query (recall) to our desired XML element eXtensible Stylesheet Language
- 37. <table border="1"> <tr> <th>Title</th> <th>Author</th> <th>Genre</th> </tr> <xsl:for-each select="book"> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select="title" /></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="author" /></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="genre" /></td> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </table> table row table table division loop for display
- 38. Browser display with some style
- 39. <table border="1"> <tr bgcolor="#9acd32“> <th>Title</th> <th>Author</th> <th>Genre</th> </tr> <xsl:for-each select="book"> <xsl:sort select="author" data-type="text" order="ascending"/> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select="title" /></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="author" /></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="genre" /></td> </tr> </xsl:for-each> </table> table loop for display sort attribute
- 40. Browser display with style & Sort <author> <lastname>Galiano</lastname> <firstname>Enrico</ firstname> </author>
- 41. XMLVocabularies MML, for medicine MathML, for mathematics TML, for literature SMIL, for multimedia Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language
- 43. TAPAS Project
- 44. ML code text using metalanguage <recipe> Breaded Chicken Breast </recipe> <li> chicken breast </li> <li> breadcrumbs </li> Marked-upText <tags>
- 45. XML: Evolution? Revolution! Describe not display Tags are not predefined Tree structure Extensible vocabulary of elements Validated for well formed syntax Entities