The document discusses the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It summarizes that GATT was created in 1947 as an outcome of failed negotiations to establish the International Trade Organization. Its objective was to reduce barriers to international trade through lowering tariffs, quotas, and subsidies. GATT provided a forum for negotiations between member states to encourage free trade. It was transformed into the World Trade Organization in 1995.
This ppt is all about the world trade organization, Its Role, its existence and all its functions, It also includes the structure of WTO.So kindly go through it and comment below how u liked it.
Trade Related Aspects Of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)Anjita Khadka
TRIPS agreement covers the following areas:
Copyright and related rights (i.e. the rights of performers, producers of sound recordings and broadcasting organizations)
Trademarks including service marks
Geographical indications including appellations of origin
Industrial designs; patents including the protection of new varieties of plants
Layout-designs of integrated circuits and
Undisclosed information including trade secrets and test data
This ppt is all about the world trade organization, Its Role, its existence and all its functions, It also includes the structure of WTO.So kindly go through it and comment below how u liked it.
Trade Related Aspects Of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)Anjita Khadka
TRIPS agreement covers the following areas:
Copyright and related rights (i.e. the rights of performers, producers of sound recordings and broadcasting organizations)
Trademarks including service marks
Geographical indications including appellations of origin
Industrial designs; patents including the protection of new varieties of plants
Layout-designs of integrated circuits and
Undisclosed information including trade secrets and test data
This is a presentation done by Export Agriculture students in Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka. The presentation includes WTO, its objectives, functions of WTO, agreements, Economic & political influece as well as the point of view of the group members relevent to Sri Lankan situation.
This is a presentation done by Export Agriculture students in Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka. The presentation includes WTO, its objectives, functions of WTO, agreements, Economic & political influece as well as the point of view of the group members relevent to Sri Lankan situation.
this will help us all understand the principles of the WTO and how they already work to eliminate discrimination, increase predictability, openness, etc.
World Trade Organization- Brief OverviewKashyap Shah
How and WHY GATT changed to WTO ?
What are the various functions & objectives of WTO.
Some of the key characteristics of WTO Agreements
From India's Perspective- Advantages & Disadvantages
Table of Contents
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 3
First Phase : 5
Second Phase : 5
Third Phase : 5
OBJECTIVES OF GATT : 5
OBJECTIVES OF GATT : 5
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF GATT : 5
OTHER FUNCTIONS OF GATT : 5
OTHER FUNCTIONS OF GATT : 5
Did GATT succeed? : 6
Slide 20: 6
Slide 21: 6
Slide 22: 6
Slide 23: 6
Slide 24: 6
Difference between GATT & WTO 7
International Business Dynamics by Nagarjun Reddy module 3PNagarjunReddyReddy
Complete detail of Second Module International Business Dynamics contents – WTO and Trading – Pitfall of International Strategic Alliances, for any queries and inputs, reach me through Instagram, Facebook (allnewcrazy).
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. GATT
Out come of the failure of negotiating governments to
Create the international trade organisation(ITO)
Negotiated during the UN conference on Trade and
Employment
Formed in 1947 and Transformed to world Trade
Organisation(WTO)1995
3. Objective
Reduction of Barriers to international trade.
Achieved through reduction of tariff barriers,
quantitative restrictions and subsidies on trade
through a series of agreements.
It wa a treaty, not an organisation.
5. The General Agreement Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was first
signed in 1947.
Was designed
To provide an international Forum
That encouraged free trade between member
states.
By regulating and reducing tariffs on traded
goods
Providing a common mechanism for resolving trade
disputes.
6. GATT??
A Treaty, not an organisation
Was the out come of failure of negotiating governments
to creat the ITO.
The Bretton Woods Conference introduced the idea for
an organisation to regulate the trade as part of a larger
plan for economic recovery after world war II.
As government negotiated states began parellel
negotiations for the GATT as a way to attain early tarrif
reductions.
Once the ITO failed in 1950 the only GATT agreement was
left.
7. Objective
Reduction of Barriers to International Trade
This was achieved through the Reduction of
Tarrif barriers
Quantitative Restrictions
Subsidies on trade through a series of agreements
8. History
Divided into 3 phases:
First:
From 1947 until the Torquay Round
Largely concerned which commodities would be covered bythe
agreement
Freezing existing tariff levels
Second:
From 1959 to 1979
Focused on reducing tariffs
Third:
Consists only of the Uruguay Round from 1986 to 1994
It extended the agreement to new areas such as intellectualproperty,
services, capital, and agriculture
Final outcome was creation of WTO
9. History Contd..
GATT signatories occasionally negotiated new
tradeagreements that all countries would enter into
Each set of agreements was called a round
In general, each agreement bound members toreduce
certain tariffs. Usually this would includemany special-
case treatments of individual products,with exceptions or
modifications for each country.
10. Trade Barriers
Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers
While free-trade maximizes world welfare, most nations
impose some trade restrictions that benefit special groups in
the nation. The most important type of trade restriction
historically is the tariff.
This is a tax or duty on the imports or exports.
When a small nation imposes an import tariff, the domestic
price of the importable commodity rises by the full amount of
the tariff for individuals in nation. As a result, domestic
production of the importable commodity expands while
domestic consumption and imports fall. However, the nation
as a whole faces the unchanged world price since the nation
itself collects the tariff.
11. Tariffs
Tariffs can be ad-Valorem, specific, or compound.
Ad-Valorem tariff is expressed as a fixed percentage ofthe
value of the traded commodity.
Specific tariff is expressed as a fixed sum per physicalunit
of the traded commodity.
A compound tariff is a combination of an Ad Valoremand
a specific tariff.
12. Trade Barriers
An import tariff is a duty on the imported commodity,
while an export tariff is a duty on the exported
commodity.
Export tariffs are prohibited by the U.S. Constitution but
are often applied by developing countries on their
traditional exports (such as Ghana on it’s cocoa and Brazil
on it’s coffee) to get better prices and revenues.
Developing nations rely heavy on export tariff to raise
revenues because of their ease of collection.
13. Non-Tariff Barrier
International trade also hampered by numerous
Technical, administrative, and other regulations.
These include safety regulations for automobile and
electrical equipment, health regulations for the hygienic
Production and packaging of imported food products, and
labeling requirements showing origin and contents.
14. Non-Tariff Barrier(Subsidies)
National government sometimes grant subsidies to
domestic producers to help improve their trade
position. Such devices are indirect form of protection
provided to domestic businesses, whether they may be
import competing producers or exporters.
Two types of subsidies can be distinguished: a
domestic subsidy , which is sometimes granted to
producers of import-competing goods, and an export
subsidy, which goes to producers of goods that are to
be sold overseas.
15. Success of GATT
Huge increases in world trade
New members: 23 to 110
Enormous reductions in tariffs